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1、 The Attributive Clause The boy needs a pen.主语the boy，谓语needs ，宾语a pen. 定语：定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用用的的表示。表示。 先行词和关系词先行词和关系词q先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。q关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 q关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当某种成分。关系代词/关系副词A plane is a machine. A plane can fly.A plane is a machine w
2、hich can fly. 先行词在下面情况时， 关系代词只能用“which”而不能用“that” A. 关系代词前面有介词的时候（介词（介词 后指物用后指物用which ，指人用，指人用whom )The person to whom I am speaking just now is our English teacher. B.在非限制性定语从句中 He lost his bicycle, which his father gave him as a gift. 先行词在下面情况下， 关系代词只能用“that”A.先行词是不定代词的时候， 如everything, anything, n
3、othing, all.Theres nothing that I can do for you.B.先行词是最高级时， Thats the best film that I have ever seen.C. 先行词里带有 the only, the very.Thats the very book that I am looking for.D. 先行词里既指人又有物They talked about the things and persons that they remembered. 3）as引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句the same as, such asI wan
4、t the same shirt as my friends. 一样不是同一件as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。Which只能置于主语之后。 翻译成“正如”as is known to all / as is said / as is reported / as is announced, as we all know / as I expect As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. the samethat和the sameas的区别 I
5、have bought the same watch as you have. 我买了一块和你一样的手表。 （我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一块。） This is the same watch that I lost.这就是我丢的那块手表。 （这手表和我丢的手表是同一块）关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句引导定语从句1.1. where where 表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后。词后。 注意：注意：wherewhere不在从句中作主语或宾语不在从句中作主语或宾语This is the place where we first m
6、et. 2. when2. when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后。July, when when we can go home for a rest, iscoming soon.3. why3. why表示原因，通常跟在表示原因，通常跟在reasonreason后引导定语从后引导定语从句。句。vI dont know the reason whywhy he left here.a. This is the place _ he works. This is the place _ we visited last year.b. That was the
7、 time _ he arrived. Do you still remember the time _ we spent together?c. This is the reason _ he went. The reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable.a. This is the place _ he works. This is the place _ we visited last year. This is the place where he works. This is the place which (that) we visited
8、last year.b. That was the time _ he arrived. Do you remember the time _ we spent together?That was the time when he arrived.Do you remember the time that (which) we spent together?c. This is the reason _ he went. The reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable.This is the reason why/for which he went.T
9、he reason that (which) he gave us was quite reasonable.介词 + which介词+which/whom引导的定语从句用于正式场合。在这一结构中，关系代词which/whom做介词的宾语。当先行词是人时，用介词+whom引导定语从句，They may start as a group of high-school students, for whom practicing their music in someones house is the first step to fame.当先行词是物时，用介词+which引导定语从句，而且只能加w
10、hich，不能加that，例如：They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band. 注意：1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开, 介词仍 放在短语动词的后面。如: look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. . 若介词放在关系代词前, 关系代词指人时只可用whom, 不可用who, that关系代词指物时只可用which, 不
11、可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. 1. This is the gun _ _ the hunter shot the lion.2. The athletes _ _ he will compete come from Greece and Czech Republic.3. Hell never forget the day _ _ he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time. 4. The musici
12、ans _ _ we have great interest toured Europe with us.5. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.with whichagainst whomon whichin whomwithout6.Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?7. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.forto whom