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1、Attributive clauseAttributive clauseUnderline the Attributive Clauses: Dont forget the things that once you owned. Treasure the things that you cant get. Dont give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory. 曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃
2、。已经失去的，留作回忆。已经失去的，留作回忆。1.定义定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句2.先行词先行词： 被修饰的名词或代词被修饰的名词或代词关系代词、关系副词关系代词、关系副词：3.引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词关系代词：关系代词：关系副词：关系副词： when, where, why等等who, whom, whose, which, that等等定语从句的相关概念定语从句的相关概念There was an earthquake which happenedin Tangshan in 1976.关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词
3、在从句中可以：指人指人指物指物subject (主语主语)object (宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略whentimeadverbial（状语）状语）nowhereplaceadverbialnowhyreasonadverbialno关系副词关系副词1.The man _came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl _ I met is Lucy. 3.A child _parents are
4、 dead is called Tom. 4.I like the book _ you bought yesterday. 5. We shall never forget the days _we spent together. 6.I like the person _you just talked.7. I have a room _window faces south.who, thatwhom, that, who, /whosethat, which, /that, which, /to whomwhose一、一、that和和which用法的区别用法的区别(1) 先行词为先行词为
5、all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。I am sure she has something _ you can borrow.(2)先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等等 修饰时。修饰时。Ive read all the books _ you lend me. 1、只能用、只能用that不用不用which的情况的情况(that)thatDo you have anything _ you dont understand?t
6、hatPlease send us any information _ you have about the subject.that(3)先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the first book _ he has read.(that)It is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever seen.that(4)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰修饰时。时。This is the very book _ belongs to him.thatHe is t
7、he only person _ was present at the time.that(6) 先行词是先行词是who或或which引导的主句。引导的主句。 Who is the girl _ drove the car? Who _ broke the window will be punished.(7) 主句以主句以there be 引导时。引导时。 There are more than 400,000 people _ died or were injured in the earthquake.(5)先行词先行词既有人又有物既有人又有物时。时。The famous writer
8、and his works _ the radio broadcast are popular to the students.thatthatthatthat(1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语介词作宾语（介词提前）。（介词提前）。 There are many trees _ they can have a rest. This is the ring _ she spent 1000 dollars.2、只用、只用which不用不用that的情况的情况(2) 在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。 Football, _ is a very
9、 popular game, is played all over the world.under whichon whichwhich二、只用二、只用who的情况的情况One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.The ones _ laugh at the disabled are not good students.Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished.Those _ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.whowhow
10、howho先行词是先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时用时用who.whenwhere / in whichwhy / for which考点考点1 关系代词和关系副词的选用关系代词和关系副词的选用在选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语在选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语从句的成分，从句的成分，若从句若从句缺缺主语、宾语、表语，必须用主语、宾语、表语，必须用关系关系代词代词若从句中若从句中不缺不缺主语、宾语或表语，必须用主语、宾语或表语，必须用关系副词关系副词a This is the place _ he works. This is the place _ we vis
11、ited last year.b That was the time _ he arrived. Do you still remember the days _ we spent together?c This is the reason _ he went. The reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable.d His father works in a factory _ radio parts are made. His father works in a factory _ makes radio parts. where / in which
12、(which/that)when(which/that)why / for which(which/that)wherewhich/that考点考点2、“介词关系代词介词关系代词”即即“介词介词whom / which”1、介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素：A.与先行词的搭配关系与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my sonwen
13、t to college.on whichduring whichin whichB. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯1）Have you found the book _ I paid29 US dollars?2) Have you found the book _ I spent29 US dollars?3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4) Have you found the book _ she often talks?for whichon whichfrom whichabout which2. “介词whom/which”与 “
14、whom/which/that/介词”的转换。1）The chair on which she is sitting is made of wood. The chair (which/that) she is sitting on is madeof wood.2) Is this the book which you are looking for?注意：介词for不能与 look分开。3. 表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of, 有时可用whose转换。1) Im painting a house, the roof _ isround.Im painting a house
15、_ is round.2) They live in a house, _ windows facesouth.They live in a house, the windows_ face south. of whichwhoseof whichwhose roof用介词关系代词填空1. Hes the man _ I learnt the news.2. Whos the person _ you just shookhands.3. I know a lady the husband _ is a Nobel Prize winner.4. This is the way _ she s
16、tudies English.5. The old man always wears his glasses _ _ he cant see anything.6.The key_ she was opening the door broke.7. No one know the reason _ she is leaving so early.from whomwith whomof whomin whichwithoutwhichwith whichfor which考点考点3 as的用法的用法关系代词关系代词as可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，句，as在从
17、句中作在从句中作主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语；引导限；引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such+名词名词+asso+形容词形容词+名词名词+asthe same+名词名词+asThis is such a difficult problem as nobody in my class can work out.This is such a difficult problem that nobody in my class can work it out.This is so difficult a problem that nobody in my class
18、 can work it out. 定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句Your dictionary is the same one as I bought the other day.The dictionary is the same one that I lent you. 不是同一本不是同一本同一本书同一本书当主句中出现当主句中出现such 或或so 时时,看后面从句看后面从句(1)缺缺主语或宾语主语或宾语,从句前用从句前用as(2)不缺不缺主语和宾语主语和宾语,从句前用从句前用that当主句中出现当主句中出现the same时时, 后面从句缺主语后面从句缺主语或宾语时与
19、或宾语时与as搭配表搭配表同一类同一类事物事物,与与that搭配搭配表表同一个同一个事物事物是否缺主语或宾语是否缺主语或宾语:考点考点4 the way为先行词为先行词The way _ you thought of to solve the problem is wonderful.A which B in which C whom D whoseI dont like _ you learn English.A the way B the way in thatC the way which D the way of which1. Ive come to the point where
20、I cant stand him.2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。考点考点5一些特殊词之后的一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation
21、, part, condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引引导，意思是导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. which B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . A.
22、 why B. where C. how D. /1. We feed children _are hungry. A whom we think B who we think C we think who D we think whom2. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A which I think is B which I think it is C which I think it D I think which it is考点考点6 注意插入语注意插入语考点考点7 定语从句
23、中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致1 I, who _ your husband, should be responsible for you. (be)2 He is one of the students who _ been to America. He is the (only) one of the students who _ been to America. (have)3 To own a computer in families, which we thought_ impossible 20 years ago, now becomes true. (be)amhavehas
24、was考点考点8 what 与与 定语从句引导词定语从句引导词which/that1 Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police. A which B what C whatever D that2 He came late again, _ made his teacher very angry. _ made the teacher angry was that he came late again. _ made the teacher angry that he came late again.
25、A it B what C whichCBA1 Ill do everything all /everything I can _ you. A help B to help2 They spent as much time as they could_ on the project. A work B working3 After a heated discussion, they agreed on the way I thought of _ the problem. A solve B solving C to solve4 The letter Im looking forward
26、to _ this morning. A arrived B arriving C arrive The theory they stuck to_ right. A proving B proved C was proved考点考点9 与定语从句有关的句子与定语从句有关的句子5 He often speaks of the trouble he _ helping the orphan. He often speaks of the trouble he _ to help the orphan. A had B founded C taken D took6. With everythin
27、g she needed _ , she went home. A buy B to buy C bought考点考点9 与定语从句有关的句子与定语从句有关的句子hadtook8 There are 55 students in their class, most of _ are boys.9 There are 55 students in their class, most of them _ boys. 10 There are 55 students in their class _ most of them are boys.1. We should go to the place
28、_ we are most needed.2. We should go to the place_ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. whatBC对比训练对比训练 1. It was October_we met in Damiao for the first time. 2. It was in October_we met in Damiao for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. whileCA对比训练对比训练 1. He is such a good teacher_ we all
29、 like him. 2. He is such a good teacher_ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. whichBC1 He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A whom B who C when D because 2 This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell us. A who B whom C that D / 3 I will hire the
30、 man _ they say is a good English speaker. A who B that C which D whom 1 Is this the museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 2 Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3 -How do you like the book? -Its qu
31、ite different from _ I read last month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what The news came_ the British Queens mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, _ isnt surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care. A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D.
32、 when; as (1)限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，用逗号隔开，也不可省略也不可省略，否则全句意义就不，否则全句意义就不完整。完整。 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? (2)非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系
33、比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。用逗号与主句隔开。This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. (3)两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有有涉他性涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。 His brother, who is eightee
34、n years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个）（只有一个） His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个）（不止一个） 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, as, when 和和 where不可以用不可以用that和和why 另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。用并列句或简单句来表达。I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.