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1、不定式属于非限定动词。它除了不能做不定式属于非限定动词。它除了不能做谓语外，在句中可以充当任何成分，可谓语外，在句中可以充当任何成分，可以作主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和以作主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。状语。1. 作主语作主语: 往往往往放在谓语动词之后放在谓语动词之后, 用用it作形式主作形式主语语, 为了避免句子头重脚轻。为了避免句子头重脚轻。 e.g. To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. 2. 作宾语作宾语: 作作宾语时如果还带有宾语时如果还带有宾语补足宾语补足语语, 往往往把不定式放在补足语之后往把不定式放
2、在补足语之后,而而用用it作作形式宾语形式宾语。 e.g. He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study English. 3. 做宾语补足语做宾语补足语 e.g. He asked me to do the work with him. 在在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等等词后的补足语中词后的补足语中, 不定式不带不定式不带to。 不定式作宾语补足语省略不定式作宾语补足语省略to的情况有的情况有下列口诀下列口诀: 一感二
3、听三让五看半帮助一感二听三让五看半帮助。 但是这些句子如果变成但是这些句子如果变成被动结构被动结构时时, 就就必须带上必须带上to。 e.g. I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 4. 作定语作定语e.g. I have some books for you to read. 当作定语的当作定语的不定式不定式如果是如果是不及物动词不及物动词, 或者或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点定式动作的地点, 工具工具等时等时, 不定式后不定式后面必须有相应的介词面必
4、须有相应的介词。 e.g. He is looking for a room to live in.当作当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时词是不定式动作的承受者时, 不定式即不定式即可以用主动语态可以用主动语态, 也可以用被动语态也可以用被动语态。但含义有所不同。但含义有所不同。试比较试比较:Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要你有什么东西要(自己自己)寄吗寄吗?Have you anything to be sent?你有什么东西要你有什么东西要(我或别人我或别人)寄吗寄吗?5. 作状语作状语, 表示目的表示目
5、的, 原因原因, 结果或条件结果或条件。 e.g. I came here to see you. We were very excited to find nobody there. He hurried to the school to find nobody there. To look at him, you would like him.目的目的原因原因结果结果条件条件6. 作表语作表语 e.g. My job is to help the patient. 主主, 表都是不定式表都是不定式, 前者为条件前者为条件, 后者后者为目的或结果为目的或结果。 e.g. To learn a
6、 language is to use it. 不定式的时态有：不定式的时态有：一般式、进行时、完一般式、进行时、完成式和完成进行式成式和完成进行式。当不定式的逻辑主。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式就语是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式就要用被动形式。要用被动形式。不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态1. 不定式的不定式的一般式一般式所表示的动作通常与所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作谓语的动作(状态状态)同时同时(或几乎同时或几乎同时)发发生生, 或是在它之后发生。或是在它之后发生。 主动：主动：e.g. Im glad to meet you. 被动：被动：e.g. There w
7、as nothing to be done.2. 如果谓语表示的动作发生时如果谓语表示的动作发生时, 不定式表不定式表示的动作正在进行示的动作正在进行, 这时要用进行时这时要用进行时。 e.g. I am very glad to be working with you. 3. 如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前前, 就要用完成时就要用完成时。 主动：主动：e.g. Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 被动：被动：e.g. The room was said to have been cleaned.从从A、B、
8、C、D四个选项中，选出可以四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。填入空白处的最佳选项。1. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _. A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered2. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed3. His
9、first book _ next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published 4. With the world changing fast, we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day. A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing5. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning ai
10、r is so good _. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed1. Im travelling during a sandstorm. Its dangerous.2. Experts hope that they will learn more about the movement of thunderstorms.Rewrite the sentences using infinitive structures.It is dangerous to be traveling during a sa
11、ndstorm.Experts hope to learn more about the movement of thunderstorms.3. We were told, “Dont leave the house.”4. The men need to complete the work on the house by the end of the week.We were told not to leave the house.The work on the house needs to be completed (the work) by the end of the week.5.
12、 It seems that most houses have been destroyed by the storm.Most houses seem to have been destroyed by the storm.Put the verbs in brackets into thecorrect infinitive forms. 1. It is frightening _ (walk) in the road in a sandstorm. I hope I reach home soon. 2. Experts hope _ (learn) more about the mo
13、vement of sandstorms. to walk to learn 3. Id like _ (tell) about the situation before now.4. The work needs _ (complete) by the end of the week.5. My father was out of the city when the sandstorm came. He was very glad _ (miss) it. to be told to be completedto have missed 6. The building has _ (fini
14、sh) by the end of the year. 7. _ (see) a real sandstorm was very frightening. to be finished To see but后不定式的情况：后不定式的情况：cannot help but，cannot but，cannot choose but后的不定式通常不带后的不定式通常不带to，常译，常译为为“不得不不得不”。如。如: She is a strange girl, yet you cant help but like her. When the streets are full of melting sno
15、w, you cant but get your shoes wet.We cant choose but admit that in some ways they are ahead of us. 当当but前有实义动词前有实义动词do时，其后的不定式时，其后的不定式通常不带通常不带to，如，如: Their car broke down on the way. There was nothing to do but wait for help. Now we can do nothing but try this method.除上述情况外，除上述情况外，用于用于but之后的不定之后的不定
16、式通常都要带式通常都要带to ，如：，如： Stuck in the heavy traffic, we had no choice but to wait.1. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 2. - How did you spend your weekend, Jone? - I didnt find anything interesting for me _ some washing instead
17、of my mother. A. but did B. but do C. but doing D. but to do 3. The students did nothing except _ all day long. A. played B. playing C. play D. to play1. I cant help but (think/ to think) that it was a mistake. 2. I cant (chose /choose) but do it. 3. He does nothing but (complaining/ complain). 4. I
18、 cant help but (to love /love) her. 5. The workers do (nothing /not) but drink tea and talk to each other. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1. 我们只能尝试这种方法。我们只能尝试这种方法。 We _ this method.2. 我们只有面对现实。我们只有面对现实。 We _ the reality. 3. 这个女孩别无选择只能等她妈妈回来。这个女孩别无选择只能等她妈妈回来。 The girl had _ till her mother came back.can d
19、o nothing but try cant but face no choice but to wait用括号内所给动词或短语的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词或短语的适当形式填空。1. Im sorry I cant attend your wedding, for I have an important meeting _ (attend).2. The workers were made _ (work) over fourteen hours a day.3. Your suit is a bit small on you. You seem _ (put on) weight.to
20、attendto workto put on4. Tom did nothing except _ (wait) before his parents came home.5. Whats the matter with Tom? Oh, his cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _ (find) again.6. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path.to waitto restto find7. Did he manage _ (carry) the books upstairs? No, he wasnt strong enough even _ (move) them.8. _ (become) a teacher in a university, you need to have a masters degree.to carryto moveTo become