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1、What can you see from the following sentences?1) By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed.2) Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas.过去完成时被动语态：动作在过去某一时刻之过去完成时被动语态：动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完成前已经完成, 且谓语动词与发出这一动作的主语且谓语动词与发出这一动作的主语存在被动关系。句中常用存在被动关系。句中常用by, befor
2、e, until, when等词引导时间状语。等词引导时间状语。1.过去完成时被动语态的肯定结构：过去完成时被动语态的肯定结构：had been+过去分词。过去分词。 The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师进来前教室就已经被打扫干净了。老师进来前教室就已经被打扫干净了。2.过去完成时被动语态的否定结构：过去完成时被动语态的否定结构：had not been+过去词。过去词。 The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师进来前教室还没被打扫干净
3、呢。老师进来前教室还没被打扫干净呢。3. 过去完成时被动语态的疑问句结过去完成时被动语态的疑问句结构构: had+主语主语+been+过去分词。过去分词。 Had a new school been set up by the end of last year? 去年年底是建了一所新学校吗？去年年底是建了一所新学校吗？Choose the correct tense and voice to complete each sentence.1. After the hurricane, Mary _ (see) that the roof of her house _ (disappear).2
4、. She _ (return) home and _ (find) all her furniture _ (ruin) by the flood.sawhad disappearedreturnedfoundhad been ruined3. Arthur was surprised when he _ (arrive) home because the tornado _ (take) the feathers off his chickens.arrivedhad taken4. We _ (leave) the house when the thunderstorm _ (finis
5、h).lefthad finished5. He _ (try) to drive back to his home before the flood _ (pass) through the village.triedpassedComplete the sentences with the verbs from the box. Use the past perfect passive, if necessary.destroy die fall flood kill1. After the earthquake, they discovered that several people _
6、.2. When the hurricane ended, several buildings in the town _.had been killed / had diedhad been destroyed / had fallen down3. His village _ _ in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents house.4. When she woke up, she found that her house _ by the thunderstorm.5. Arthur was unhappy because some of
7、 his animals _ _.had been flooded /had been destroyedhad died /had been destroyedhad been killed1. - The window is dirty. - I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleanedD2. More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treat
8、ed C. had been treated D. have been treatedD3. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had beenC4. - How long _ at this job? - Since 2009. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. wi
9、ll you employedB直接引语直接引语:直接引用别人的话直接引用别人的话, 把它放把它放在引号内。在引号内。(direct speech)间接引语间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。用自己的话转述别人的话。(indirect speech)仔细观察仔细观察A、B、C三组句子三组句子, 注意总结它们注意总结它们的变化规则。的变化规则。A. 1. He said, “I lost the bag.” 2. He said that he had lost the bag.B. 1. “Do you want to take part in the sports meeting?” aske
10、d the teacher. 2. The teacher asked me if / whether I wanted to take part in the sports meeting.C. 1. “When will you go fishing?” Jane asked her father. 2. Jane asked her father when he would go fishing.【总结归纳总结归纳】上面三组句子中的第一句是直接引语上面三组句子中的第一句是直接引语, 第第二句是间接引语二句是间接引语, 它们可以相互转化它们可以相互转化, 转转化后的间接引语常常是宾语从句化
11、后的间接引语常常是宾语从句, 引导词引导词有如下特征：有如下特征：组组 别别直接引语直接引语间接引语引导词间接引语引导词A陈述句陈述句that (可省略可省略)B一般疑问句一般疑问句if / whetherC特殊疑问句特殊疑问句wh- / how1) 直接引语为陈述句时直接引语为陈述句时, 变为间接引语变为间接引语, 要用要用that引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。如：如：“The storm was extremely violent,” said a local man. A local man said that the storm had been extremely violent.
12、2) 直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语, 要用要用if/whether引导宾语从句引导宾语从句, 并将原来并将原来 的疑问语序变为陈述语序。的疑问语序变为陈述语序。如：如：The teacher asked, “is everybody here today?”The teacher asked if everybody was here that day.3) 直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句, 变为间接引语变为间接引语, 用原来的疑问词引导从句用原来的疑问词引导从句, 并将疑句语序并将疑句语序 变为陈述语序。变为陈述语序。如：如：“What shal
13、l I do next?” the girl wondered. The girl wondered what she should do next. 4) 直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句, 变为间接引语变为间接引语, 一般用一般用以下结构以下结构: order/tell/ask sb. (not) to do。如：如：The headmaster said, “dont litter the floor with scraps of paper.”The headmaster told us not to litter the floor with scraps of paper.5) 直
14、接引语变为间接引语时直接引语变为间接引语时, 宾语从句中宾语从句中的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地的人称、时态、代词、时间状语和地点状语等都要作相应变化。点状语等都要作相应变化。 人称的变化人称的变化:遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。即遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。即: 直接引语中的第一人称在变成间接引语直接引语中的第一人称在变成间接引语时时, 要和原句中的主语保持一致要和原句中的主语保持一致;直接引语中的第二人称在变成间接引语直接引语中的第二人称在变成间接引语时时, 要和原句中的宾语保持一致要和原句中的宾语保持一致; 直接直接引语中的第三人称在变成间接引语时引语中的第三人称在变成间接引语时,
15、保持不变。保持不变。变化项目变化项目直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语时态变化时态变化一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去进行时过去进行时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时时态的变化时态的变化变化项目变化项目直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词thisthese时间状语时间状语nowtoday, tonightthis week/monththatthosethenthat day, that nightthat week / mo
16、nth 指示代词指示代词/时间状语时间状语/地点状语等的变化地点状语等的变化yesterdayten days/weeksagotomorrow/next year. 地点状地点状语语here方向性方向性动词动词comebringthe day beforeten days beforethe next day/yeartheregotake1. 当直接引语强调的是客观事实或真当直接引语强调的是客观事实或真理理, 变为间接引语时变为间接引语时, 从句中的时态不从句中的时态不变。变。如：如：Mr. Wang said, “The earth travels around the sun.” Mr
17、. Wang said (that) the earth travels around the sun.【温馨提示温馨提示】2. 当直接引语中有表示过去的具体的时当直接引语中有表示过去的具体的时 间状语时间状语时, 变为间接引语时变为间接引语时, 从句中从句中 的谓语时态可以不变。的谓语时态可以不变。如：如： She said, “I was born in 1995.” She said (that) she was born in 1995.另外另外, 如果在当地或者当天转述如果在当地或者当天转述, 时间状时间状语、地点状语、动词需不需要发生变化语、地点状语、动词需不需要发生变化, 这要看
18、当时的语境来确定。这要看当时的语境来确定。I. Fill in the blanks according the sentences.1. Linda said, “Im meeting David for dinner.” Linda said (that) she _ _ David for dinner.2. Bill said, “I forgot to pay my electricity bill.” Bill said (that) he _ _ to pay his electricity bill.was meetingforgot to3. I asked Jack, “D
19、o you know the callers name?” I asked Jack _ _ _ _ _ _.4. The teacher asked him, “Why were you late yesterday?” The teacher asked him _ _ _ _ _ _ _. whether he knew the callers name why he waslate the day before5. “Dont make so much noise, boys,” the teacher said. The teacher told the boys _ _ _ so
20、much noise.not to make1. Volcanic eruption dont happen very often on the island. A scientist said that _ _ _.II. Rewrite the sentences using the reporting expressions. volcanic eruptions didnt happen very often on the island2. No one was on the island during the volcanic eruption. A local journalist
21、 said that _ _ _. no one was / had been on the island during the volcanic eruptions3. The thunderstorm will put out the fires. Local people said that _ _. the thunderstorm would put out the fires4. The residents can go back to their homes. The governor said that _ _.5. Several eruptions have taken p
22、lace in the last twenty years. A local radio station said that _ _ _. the residents could go back to their homes several eruptions had taken place in the previous twenty years6. The residents will travel back to the island when the danger is over. A local journalist said that _ _ _. the residents would travel back to the island when the danger was over1. Remember the rules in the lesson.2. Finish the exercises in the workbook.