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1、The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句1. 定义：定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词在复合句中修饰名词或代词, 起起定语作用。定语作用。2. 先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3. 关系代词、关系副词：关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句的关系词。引导定语从句的关系词。指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所属关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who, whom, thatwhic
2、h, thatwhose, of whichwherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词1. that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省。）作宾语时可省。） 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. A plane is a machine which can fly. 2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened y
3、esterday?2. which指物指物, 在从句中作主语或宾语。在从句中作主语或宾语。 作主语不可省略作主语不可省略; 作宾语可以省略。作宾语可以省略。 (which与与that指物时可以互相代替，指物时可以互相代替， that 更常见。更常见。)1) His father works in a factory that makes TV sets. His father works in a factory which makes TV sets.2) The film that we saw last night was very wonderful. The film which w
4、e saw last night was very wonderful.3. who 指人指人(即它的先行词必须是人即它的先行词必须是人), 从句中作主语或宾语。从句中作主语或宾语。whom是宾格是宾格, 只能作宾语。只能作宾语。(that有时也指人有时也指人, 代替代替who, whom，可作主语或宾语。，可作主语或宾语。)1) The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The girls that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates
5、.2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday.2) Please show me the book. Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.3) Ill call a person. His father knows you. Ill call a person whose father knows you.4. whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以它既可以
6、代人也可以代物。代人也可以代物。1) I saw a woman. Her bag was stolen. I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.关系副词关系副词when, where, why可代替的先可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。句中作状语。关系代词与介词关系代词与介词介词放在关系代词的前面时介词放在关系代词的前面时, 介词宾语介词宾语只能用只能用which代物代物, 和和whom代人。代人。(在末在末尾时尾时, 关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)e.g. This is the hero (whom)
7、 we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud. This is the hero (that) we are proud of.She is the girl whom I went with there.She is the girl with whom I went there.She is the girl that I went with there.The room (that) I live in is very big.The room (which) I live in is very big.The room
8、in which I live is very big.The room where I live is very big.注意注意: 固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割, 介词不介词不 能提前。能提前。e.g. look after, look at when, where, why关系副词关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于的含义相当于“介词介词+ which”结构，因此常常和结构，因此常常和“介词介词+ which”结构交替使用。结构交替使用。 e.g. There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. Beij
9、ing is the place where (in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?关系代词前介词关系代词前介词(介词介词which)的确定的确定：1. 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配。根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配。3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯。Choose the right answer.1. who follows a word referring to _.
10、 (a) a person (b) a thing2. which follows a word referring to _. (a) a thing (b) a person(a)(a)3. Instead of which you can say _. (a) who (b) that4. where follows a word that refers to _. (a) place (b) time5. when follows a word that refers to _. (a) place (b) time6. whose means _. (a) of whom (b) w
11、ho(a)(a)(b)(b)lwhere there were lots of new ideaslwhich Mencius gave. lwhose ideas were very influential lwho lived an unusual life. lwhen there was a lot of war. 1. Confucius lived in a century2. Ancient China was a country3. Some rulers followed the advice4. Philosophers were people5. Mozi was a m
12、anMatch the two parts of the sentences.Complete each sentence with one of these words. 1. Mencius wrote a book _ many people have read. 2. Mencius came from a part of the world _ change was happening fast. whichwhere who which when where whose3. This was a period _ many people became interested in C
13、onfuciuss teachings.4. Mozi was a man _ behavior was often unusual. 5. Mozi was a teacher _ principles were different from those of Confucius. whose whenwhose 6. It was a time _ philosophers could have positions in governments. 7. He came from an area _ people were very poor. wherewhenMatch sentence
14、s 1-4 with sentences A-D.1. For example, it is the country in which silk was first invented.2. He is a man of whom China can be proud.3. The book in which printing was first used was called The Diamond Sutra.4. Su Song was an eleventh-century monk about whom very little is known.A. Su Song was an el
15、eventh-century monk who(m) very little is known about.B. The book which printing first appeared in was called The Diamond Sutra.C. For example, it is the country which silk was first invented in.D. He is a man who(m) China can be proud of.Key:1: C 2: D 3: B 4: ARewrite these sentences as in the exam
16、ples above.1. The man who(m) I am thinking of invented the first real clock. The man of whom I am thinking invented the first real clock.2. These are the leaves which silk is made from. These are the leaves from which silk is made.3. He is a person who(m) everyone has heard of. He is a person of who
17、m everyone has heard.4. This is the house which the inventor lived in. This is the house in which the inventor lived.1. Were in the region. Printing was first invented in this region. Were in the region in which printing was first invented.Connect these sentences using the given phrases. of which at
18、 which to whom of whom in which 2. It is an invention. He is very proud of this invention. It is an invention of which he is very proud.3. He is a man. I am afraid of this man because he has invented something dangerous. He is a man of whom Im afraid because he has invented something dangerous.4. Th
19、e machine is very old. You are looking at that machine. The machine at which youre looking is very old. 5. Is that the inventor? You were talking to him. Is that the inventor to whom you were talking?1. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying. (2013全国全国) A. which B. where
20、 C. what D. whenB2. Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected. (2013北京北京) A. when B. which C. whose D. where D3. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. (2013山东山东) A. when B. where C. which D. whomC4. The museum
21、 will open in the spring with an exhibition and viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. (2013浙江浙江) A. what B. where C. when D. whyB5. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected. (2013福建福建) A. whose B. that C. who D. which AFinish the exercises 1-3 on page 91.