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1、现在完成时现在完成时(Present perfect tense)(一一) 现在完成时的基本用法：现在完成时的基本用法：1. 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。完成。 e.g. I have finished my work. We have set up many new factories.2. 动作发生在过去动作发生在过去, 强调对现在的结果、强调对现在的结果、 影响等。影响等。 e.g. Have you ever seen the film “Harry Potter”? Ive spent 3 years in the countryside.
2、3. 表示动作发生在过去表示动作发生在过去, 并且一直持续并且一直持续到现在到现在, 甚至还可能继续下去甚至还可能继续下去, 句中句中使用持续性动词使用持续性动词, 且常有表示一段时且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。间的时间状语。e.g. We havent seen each other for ten years. Ive been an English teacher for about 20 years.4. 现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中从句中, 表示将来某个时刻之前已经完表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。成的动作。 e.g. Ill go ho
3、me as soon as I have finished my homework. Please lend me that book if you have finished reading it. (二二) 使用现在完成时的句型使用现在完成时的句型1) 现在完成时现在完成时+since + 点时间状语点时间状语(名词、名词、短语、从句短语、从句, 其中从句用一般过去时其中从句用一般过去时)2) 现在完成时现在完成时+ for+ 段时间状语段时间状语 3) It / This is the first /其他序数词其他序数词/ last time + that 从句中从句中, 从句使用现在完
4、成从句使用现在完成时。时。 注意注意: 在下面的句子中在下面的句子中, 主句的谓语主句的谓语动词常用一般现在时：动词常用一般现在时： It is three years since I began to work on the farm. Its a long time since I saw you last.现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响对现在造成的结果或影响, 强调的是现强调的是现在的情况在的情况, 所以不能与表示过去的时间所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用状语连用; 一般过去时只表示某一动作一般过去时只表示某一动作或状态在过去发生或
5、存在过或状态在过去发生或存在过, 与现在不与现在不发生联系发生联系, 它可以与表示过去的时间状它可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。语连用。( (三三) )现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别He has read that book. (说明他现在知道那本书的内容说明他现在知道那本书的内容)He read that book last year. (只说明他去年读过那本书只说明他去年读过那本书)He has gone to America. (他现在不在此地他现在不在此地, 在美国在美国)He went to America. (只说明他去过美国只说明他去过美国)(四四) 终止
6、性动词与延续性动词：终止性动词与延续性动词：1. 终止性动词终止性动词: 表示短暂的运动状态表示短暂的运动状态,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,常常用的动词有用的动词有: come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, get, get up , join, marry, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die 等。等。2. 延续性动词延续性动词: 表示长时间的运动状态表示长时间的运动状态
7、,能和表示一段时间的状语连用。能和表示一段时间的状语连用。 常用的动词有常用的动词有: live, study, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, eat, run等。等。1. Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved单选填空单选填空2. Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did
8、you say you wanted to return on September 20? Sorry, I _ myself clear. We want to return on October 20. A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made3. When shall we restart our business? Not until we _ our plan A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished4. When you
9、 are home, give a call to let me know you _ safely. A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive5. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _ on the market in 1973. A. had comeB. has come C. cameD. comes6. For many years, people _ electric cars. However, making th
10、em has been more difficult than predicted. A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream ofComplete the conversation. Use thepreset tense of the verbs in brackets,and for or since where appropriate. Mike: Hi, Kate. Kate: Hi, Mike. Mike: I havent seen your brother around for a long time
11、. _ he _ (move) to a new neighborhood? movedHasKate: No, he _ _ (move) to a new country! He _ _ (be) in Australia _ last year.Mike: Australia! Thats great country. _ you ever _ (be) there?hasnt movedhas been sinceHave beenKate: No, I _ never _ (be) there, but I _ _ (decide) to go later this year.Mik
12、e: Great! _ your brother _ (send) you any photos _ he moved there?havehave decidedHassincebeensent Kate: Yes, in fact, I _ just _ (receive) some. Here they are. This is his new house. He _ recently _ (finish) decorating it.receivedhas finishedhave1. They _ many high-rise buildings in the city. 2. Th
13、e traffic in the city _ much worse recently.Complete each sentence with one of the verbs below. Use the present perfect tense.build buy come get live see stay visithave builthas got3. When the tourists _ in the summer, they _ in the city centre.4. Xiamen is one of the most attractive cities John _.c
14、anestayedhas visited5. Xiao Li _ in Xiamen all his life.6. John _ (not) any presents yet but he _ a shopping mall, where they will go tomorrow.has livedhas not boughthas seen1. How long _ you _ him? I _ him since September.2. He _ some money for me. I hope he pays me back next week.borrow know leave live sendhaveknowhave knowhas borrowed3. The family _ in this town for twenty years.4. _ you _ then the information they need?5. Why _ he _? Do you have any idea?has livedHave sent hasleft Homework Complete the Exercises on page 34&36.