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1、2021年宁夏职称英语考试真题卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.No Jetlag(时差反应) Anymore 2.No Jetlag(时差反应) Anymore 3.Whatever Happens to Old Computers 4.A Tale of Scottish Rural LifeLewis Grassic Gibbon’s Sunset Song (1932) was voted the best Scottish novel of all
2、 time by Scotland’s reading public in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland’s poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades.The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie, in the farmi
3、ng country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War t. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it.Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine (女主人公). We watch her grow through a
4、childhood dominated by, her cruel but hard- working father; experience tragedy (her mother’s suicide and murder of her twin children) and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman. We see her marry, lose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some fe
5、male readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man.But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. It is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kinraddie’s long history, in a language that imitates the place’s
6、changing patterns of speech and writing.The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from’ Chris’ point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody elss’s business and nothing is ever forgotten;Sun
7、set Song has a social theme too. It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I. Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a
8、 number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris’ husband, Ewan Tavendale. The war finally kills Ewan, but not in the way his widow is told. In fact, the Germans aren’t responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a b
9、attle.If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead, It is a Sunset Song but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie, indeed of the new European world. Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story.The word Sunset in the title of th
10、is novel most probably means()A. the end of the heroine’s life.B. the end of the story.C. the end of the traditional way of life.D. the end of the day.5.No Jetlag(时差反应) Anymore 6.No Jetlag(时差反应) Anymore 7.No Jetlag(时差反应) Anymore 8.No Jetlag(时差反应) Anymore 9.No Jetlag(时差反应) Anymore 10.No Jetlag(
11、时差反应) Anymore 11.No Jetlag(时差反应) Anymore 12.No Jetlag(时差反应) Anymore 13.No Jetlag(时差反应) Anymore 14.No Jetlag(时差反应) Anymore 15.No Jetlag(时差反应) Anymore 16.Unlocking the Human Genome(基因组) 1A project to unlock secrets-what scientist could resist that challengeThis is what many scientists are doing as the
12、y work on the Human Genome Project.The aim of the project is to decode(破译)all of the some 100,000 genes in the human body.Scientists are using DNA fingerprinting techniques to do the decoding. 2DNA is the substance found in the chromosomes(染色体)of a cell.A chromosome is a chain of genes.Each gene car
13、ries a piece of genetic information.At any one moment in a cell,thousands of genes are turned on and off to produce proteins(蛋白质).The challenge for scientists is to find out what role each gene plays in protein production.At some point this decoding will be complete.Then scientists will have a map o
14、f an ideal genome,or a picture of the total genetic nature of a human being.The ideal genome is called a consensus(交感)genome.Everything works well in a consensus genome. 3But no one in the world has a consensus genome.Everyones genome is different from the ideal.These differences are referred to as
15、genetic mutations(突变).Genetic mutations in a persons genome mean that the person has a greater than average chance of suffering from health problems.Some problems are not life-threatening.These would include things like colorblindness,or mild headaches.Other problems are serious,such as heart diseas
16、e,or cancer. 4It will take years to identify the role of each of the 100,000 genes,The short-term goal of the project is to find the physical and mental health problems a person is likely to encounter during his or her lifetime.The long-term goal is to have each person live a longer,healthier life.
17、23.paragraph 1 _.24.paragraph 2 _.25.paragraph 3 _.26.paragraph 4 _.A.How does DNA work B.What is the Human Genome Project about C.How are the DNA samples collected D.What are the goals of the Human Genome Project E.What is the role of each gene F.What are the consequences of genetic mutations 17.Bl
18、ack Holes Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate.A black hole in the universe is not a solid object,like a planet,but it is shaped like a sphere (球体).Astronomers(天文学家)think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite(无限的
19、)density(稠密).This single point is called a singularity (奇点).If the singularity theory is correct,it means that when a massive star collapses,all the material in it disappears into the singularity.The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all,but an infinitely dense point.Anything that
20、 crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity. Although black holes do exist,they are difficult to observe.These are the reasons. No light or anything else comes out of black holes.As a result,they are invisible to a telescope. In astronomical terms,black holes are truly.For example,a bl
21、ack hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon(视界)only 18 miles across. The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth.One light year is about 6 trillion(万亿)miles.Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a gr
22、eat distance. In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist.There are still answers to be found,however,so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the universe.Black holes are part of space.ARightBWrong CNot mentioned 18.27.The Human Genome Project is trying to map a
23、ll that make us human. 28.Decoding the human genome is a challenge to_. 29.Genetic mutations in a persons genome may affect_. 30.Scientists are trying hard to discover _of each of the genes in our body. A.that persons health B.a scientific answer C.scientfic researchers D.the genes E.the function F.
24、the size 19.第三篇Renewable Energy Sources Today petroleum(石油)provides around 40% of the worlds energy needs,mostly fuelling automobiles.Coal is still used,mostly in power stations,to cover one-quarter of our energy needs,but it is the least efficient,unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging foss
25、il fuel(矿物燃料).Natural gas reserves could fill some of the gap from oil,but reserves of that will not last into the 22nd century either.Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years.Less-polluting renewable energy sources offer a more practical long-term energy solut
26、ion.“Renewable”refers to the fact that these resources are not used faster than they can be replaced. Hydroelectric(水力发电的)power is now the most common form of renewable energy,supplying around 20% of world electricity.Chinas Three Gorges Dam is the largest ever.At five times the size of the USs Hoov
27、er Dam,its 26 turbines(涡轮机)will generate the equivalent energy of 18 coal-fired power stations.It will satisfy 3% of Chinas entire electricity demand. In 2003,the first commercial power station to use tidal(潮汐的)currents in the open sea opened in Norway.It is designed like windmill(风车),but others tak
28、e the form of turbines. As prices fall,wind power has become the fastest growing type of electricity generation-quadrupling(翻两番)worldwide between 1999 and 2005.Modern wind farms consist of turbines that generate electricity.Though it will be more expensive,there is more than enough wind to provide t
29、he worlds entire energy needs.Wind farms come in onshore and offshore forms.They can often end up at spots of natural beauty,and are often unpopular with residents.And turbines are not totally harmless-they can interfere with radar,alter climate and kill sea birds.Scotland is building Europes larges
30、t wind farm,which will power 200,000 homes.The UKs goal is to generate one-fifth of power from renewable sources,mainly wind,by 2020.But this may cause problems,because wind is unreliable.According to the passage,which of the following is the most polluting energy resourceAPetroleum.BCoal.CNatural g
31、asDWater. 20.第一篇Motoring Technology 1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year,plus a further 50 million injuries.To reduce car crash rate,much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going faster. Travelling at speed has alway
32、s been dangerous.One advanced area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in-car assistants.They can ensure you dont miss important road signs or fall asleep.Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults. Some safety developments aim to improve your vision.Radar can spot obs
33、tacles in fog,while other technology“sees through”big vehicles blocking your view. And improvements to seat belts,pedal(脚踏)controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer.The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety,as have,less surprisingly,size and shape. But whatever is in
34、 the fuel tank,you dont want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations(创新).Satellite tracking and remote communications can also come into play if you crash,automatically calling for help. Accidents cause many traffic jams,but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles
35、that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road.Such jams can be analyzed using statistical tools.Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyonss personal chauffeur(司机),but their latest efforts suggest that wont be soon.To reduce car crash ra
36、te,many scientists are working hard toAdesign fully automatic cars.Bdevelop faster electric vehicles.Canalyze road deaths occurring worldwide each year.Dimprove the safety of cars and develop new fuels. 21.Unlocking the Human Genome(基因组) 1A project to unlock secrets-what scientist could resist that
37、challengeThis is what many scientists are doing as they work on the Human Genome Project.The aim of the project is to decode(破译)all of the some 100,000 genes in the human body.Scientists are using DNA fingerprinting techniques to do the decoding. 2DNA is the substance found in the chromosomes(染色体)of
38、 a cell.A chromosome is a chain of genes.Each gene carries a piece of genetic information.At any one moment in a cell,thousands of genes are turned on and off to produce proteins(蛋白质).The challenge for scientists is to find out what role each gene plays in protein production.At some point this decod
39、ing will be complete.Then scientists will have a map of an ideal genome,or a picture of the total genetic nature of a human being.The ideal genome is called a consensus(交感)genome.Everything works well in a consensus genome. 3But no one in the world has a consensus genome.Everyones genome is differen
40、t from the ideal.These differences are referred to as genetic mutations(突变).Genetic mutations in a persons genome mean that the person has a greater than average chance of suffering from health problems.Some problems are not life-threatening.These would include things like colorblindness,or mild hea
41、daches.Other problems are serious,such as heart disease,or cancer. 4It will take years to identify the role of each of the 100,000 genes,The short-term goal of the project is to find the physical and mental health problems a person is likely to encounter during his or her lifetime.The long-term goal
42、 is to have each person live a longer,healthier life. 23.paragraph 1 _.24.paragraph 2 _.25.paragraph 3 _.26.paragraph 4 _.A.How does DNA work B.What is the Human Genome Project about C.How are the DNA samples collected D.What are the goals of the Human Genome Project E.What is the role of each gene
43、F.What are the consequences of genetic mutations 22.第二篇Good Table Manners Manners play an important part in making a favorable impression at the dinner table.Here are some general rules: Napkin(餐巾)use The meal begins when the host unfolds his or her napkin.This is your signal to do the same,so place
44、 your napkin on your lap.Unfold it completely if it is a small napkin,or in half,lengthwise(纵向地),if it is a large dinner napkin. If you need to leave the table during the meal,place your napkin on your chair as a signal to your server that you will be returning.Once the meal is over,place your napki
45、n neatly on the table to the right of your dinner plate.Do not refold it. Use a napkin only for your mouth.Never use it for your nose,face or forehead. Use of utensils(餐具) Start with the knife,fork or spoon furthest from your plate,and work your way in,using one utensil for each course. If soup is s
46、erved,remember to spoon away from yoursefl.This helps stop the drips.Do not put the entire soup spoon in your mouth.Instead,fill a soup spoon about 75 per cent with soup,and sip(啜饮)it from the side noiselessly. After finishing dinner,place the knife and fork parallel to one another across the plate
47、with the knife alade facing inward toward the plate. Using your fingers Heres a list of finger foods:sandwiches,cookies,small fruits or berries with stems,French fries and potato chips,and hamburgers. Chew(咀嚼)with your mouth closed and dont make noise;dont talk with your mouth full. Bread must be broken with your hands.It is never cut with a knife. Dont pick something out of your teeth.Instead,excuse yourself to the bathroom. If possible,try not to cough at the table. Do not put your elbows(肘)on the table.In France,it is essential to have both hands above the table a