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1、2021年宁夏职称英语考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity Not a plant to be seen，the desert ground is too dryBut the air contains water，and research scientists have found aU (51) /Uof obtai
2、ning drinking water from air humidity “The process we have developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sourcesU (52) /Uthermal solar collectors and photovoltaic(光电的)cells，U (53) /Umakes this method completely energy autonomousIt willU (54) /Ufunction in regions where there is no electrical in
3、frastructure(基础设施)，”says Siegfried Egner，head of the research teamThe principle of theU (55) /Uis as follows：hygroscopic(吸湿的)brine(盐水)，-saline(含盐的)solution which absorbs moisture-runs down a tower shaped unit and absorbs water from the airIt is then suckedU (56) /Ua tank a few meters off the ground
4、in which a vacuum prevailsEnergy from solar collectorsU (57) /Uup the brine，which is diluted by the water it hasU (58) /U Because of the vacuum，the boiling point of the liquid is lower than it would be underU (59) /U atmospheric pressureThe evaporated(蒸发的)，non-saline water is condensed and runs down
5、 through a completely filled tube in a controlled mannerThe gravity of this water columnU (60) /Uproduces the vacuum and SO a vacuum pump is not neededThe reconcentrated brineU (61) /Udown the tower surface again to absorb moisture from the air “The concept is suitable for various waterU (62) /USing
6、le-person units and plants supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable，”says EgnerPrototypes have been built forU (63) /Usystem components-air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation-and the research scientists have already U (64) /Utheir interplay on a laboratory scaleIn a furtherU (65) /Ut
7、he researchers intend to develop a demonstration facility AwhoBwhereCwhenDwhich 2.下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。B第一篇/B How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence Researchers believe that our universe began with the Big Bang(宇宙大爆炸)about 13 billion years ago，and that soon after th
8、at event，matter began to form as small dust grains and gasesHow the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years，but a state of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence The com
9、position of the early universe was quite different from that of today，and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simplerDrNaoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the USincorporated these conditions of the early universe，sometimes referred to as the“cosmic dark ages，”to sim
10、ulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar(原恒星)-the early stage of a massive primordial(原始的)star of our universe-and the researcherscomputer simulation sets the bar for fu
11、rther investigation into the star formation processThe question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explosions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being According to their simulation，gravity acted on minute density variations in matte
12、r，gases，and the mysterious“dark matter”of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sunThe simulation reveals how pre-stellar(前恒星的) gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe t
13、o form this protostar DrYoshidas simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capable of synthesizing(合成)heavy elements，not just in later generations of stars，but soon after the Big Bang Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies
14、a key step toward the ambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the mass and properties of these first stars of the universeMore powerful computers，more physical data，and an even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulation
15、s，but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction initiation-when a stellar(星球的)object be comes a true star According to paragraph 4，which of the following is NOT true about a protostar AIt developed into a massive star during the Big BangBIt evolved
16、from pre-stellar gasesCIt was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive starDIt had a mass of one percent of the sun 3.B第三篇/B Scientists Make Sweet Discovery Good news for chocoholics：the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you，according to American researc
17、hers at the University of CaliforniaChocolate contains substances called fla vonoids(类黄酮)that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulationThe researchers have discovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate once in a while may contribute to a healthy dietChocolat
18、e has also been shown to release endorphins(内啡肽)in the body：these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy But who first discovered this wonderful way of keeping healthy The Olmec Indians of Mexico and Central America were the first to grow cocoa beans，in about 1500 BCand the
19、 Mayas were drinking un sweetened cocoa hundreds of years before it became fashionable in EuropeThe word chocolate comes from the Nahuatl word xocolati，which means“bitter water” In 1544，a delegation of Mayan nobles visited Philip of Spain and gave him jars of cocoa as a giftCocoa soon became fashion
20、able in Spain and PortugalThe Spanish were the first to add sugar to their Cocoa drinkIn the 17th century，chocolate was becoming fashionable with the middle-classes，not only as a drink but also as a medicine By the middle of the century，solid chocolate was becoming familiarIn 1753，a Swedish scientis
21、t renamed cocoa theobroma or“food for the gods”In 1765，James Baker and John Hanan opened the first chocolate mill in the United States，introducing chocolate to the average citizenIn 1876，in Switzerland， Daniel Peter had the idea of adding milk in the chocolateMaking process and produced the first mi
22、lk chocolate Since then，chocolate has grown enormously in popularityOne of the biggest chocolate-eating nations is Britain where the average man，woman，and child eats nine kilos of chocolate a year!In fact，chocolate is the number one comfort food and there are more“chocoholics”in Britain than anywher
23、e else in the world Researchers warn that although chocolate is good for you，it should be eaten in small quantities-and with no added milk Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage AChocolate contains substances that make people feel happyBChocolate is good for health if
24、 it is eaten with added milkCEating chocolate occasionally contributes to a healthy dietDChocolate is loved by millions of people worldwide 4.B第二篇/B The Iceman On a September day in 1991two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy High up on a mountain pass，they found the body o
25、f a man lying on the iceAt that height(10,499 feet， or 3,200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm yearThe mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface It was lying face downwardThe skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition，except for
26、 a wound in the headThere was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothesThe hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth bootsNearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮)and a holder for arrows Who was this man How and
27、 when had he died Everybody had a different answer to these questionsSome people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since several soldiers had already been found in the areaA Swiss woman believed it might be her father who had died in those mo
28、untains twenty years before and whose body had never been foundThe scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old With modern dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years oldBorn in about 3300 BC，he
29、lived during the Bronze Age in EuropeAt first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountainsMore recent evidence，how ever，tells a different storyA new kind of X-ray shows all arrowhead still stuck in his shoulderIt left only a tiny hole in his skin，bu
30、t it caused internal damage and bleedingHe almost certainly died from this wound，and not from the wound on the back of his headThis means that he was probably in some kind of a battleIt may have been part of a larger war，or he may have been fighting banditsHe may even have been a bandit himself By s
31、tudying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived inWe may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman Awas proba
32、bly in some kind of a battleBwas hit in the shoulder by an arrowheadChad got a wound on the back of his headDhad a tiny hole in his skin causing his death 5.下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。 Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity Not a plant to be seen，the desert ground is too dryBut the air con
33、tains water，and research scientists have found aU (51) /Uof obtaining drinking water from air humidity “The process we have developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sourcesU (52) /Uthermal solar collectors and photovoltaic(光电的)cells，U (53) /Umakes this method completely energy autonomousIt
34、 willU (54) /Ufunction in regions where there is no electrical infrastructure(基础设施)，”says Siegfried Egner，head of the research teamThe principle of theU (55) /Uis as follows：hygroscopic(吸湿的)brine(盐水)，-saline(含盐的)solution which absorbs moisture-runs down a tower shaped unit and absorbs water from the
35、 airIt is then suckedU (56) /Ua tank a few meters off the ground in which a vacuum prevailsEnergy from solar collectorsU (57) /Uup the brine，which is diluted by the water it hasU (58) /U Because of the vacuum，the boiling point of the liquid is lower than it would be underU (59) /U atmospheric pressu
36、reThe evaporated(蒸发的)，non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a completely filled tube in a controlled mannerThe gravity of this water columnU (60) /Uproduces the vacuum and SO a vacuum pump is not neededThe reconcentrated brineU (61) /Udown the tower surface again to absorb moisture fro
37、m the air “The concept is suitable for various waterU (62) /USingle-person units and plants supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable，”says EgnerPrototypes have been built forU (63) /Usystem components-air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation-and the research scientists have already U (
38、64) /Utheir interplay on a laboratory scaleIn a furtherU (65) /Uthe researchers intend to develop a demonstration facility AmeanwhileBthereforeChoweverDstill 6.B第二篇/B The Iceman On a September day in 1991two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy High up on a mountain pass，the
39、y found the body of a man lying on the iceAt that height(10,499 feet， or 3,200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm yearThe mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface It was lying face downwardThe skeleton(骨架)was in perfect co
40、ndition，except for a wound in the headThere was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothesThe hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth bootsNearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮)and a holder for arrows Who wa
41、s this man How and when had he died Everybody had a different answer to these questionsSome people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since several soldiers had already been found in the areaA Swiss woman believed it might be her father who ha
42、d died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been foundThe scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old With modern dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years oldBorn in
43、 about 3300 BC，he lived during the Bronze Age in EuropeAt first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountainsMore recent evidence，how ever，tells a different storyA new kind of X-ray shows all arrowhead still stuck in his shoulderIt left only a tiny h
44、ole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleedingHe almost certainly died from this wound，and not from the wound on the back of his headThis means that he was probably in some kind of a battleIt may have been part of a larger war，or he may have been fighting banditsHe may even have been a b
45、andit himself By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived inWe may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times The word“bandits”in paragraph 4 could be b
46、est replaced by AsoldiersBhuntersCshootersDrobbers 7.B第三篇/B Scientists Make Sweet Discovery Good news for chocoholics：the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you，according to American researchers at the University of CaliforniaChocolate contains substances called fla vonoids(类
47、黄酮)that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulationThe researchers have discovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate once in a while may contribute to a healthy dietChocolate has also been shown to release endorphins(内啡肽)in the body：these chemicals help to reduce pain and stre