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1、2021宁夏职称英语考试真题卷（8）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The earth moves around the sun.A. before B. round C. after D. over 2.Did anyone call when I was outA. everyone B. someone C. nobody D. anybody 3.The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of Eng
2、lish society.A. destroyed B. broke C. smashed D. changed 4.It is obvious that he will win the game.A. likely B. possible C. clear D. probable 5.I dont quite follow what she is saying.A. observeB. understand C. explain D. describe 6.Her speciality is heart surgery.A. region B. site C. field D. platfo
3、rm 7.The Constitutions vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change.A. imprecise B. apparent C. clear D. easy 8.These are the motives for doing it.A. reasonsB. excuses C. answers D. replies 9.Loud noises can be irritating.A. hateful B. painful C. stimulating D. a
4、nnoying 10.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.A. extendsB. stretches C. broadens D. bends 11.Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.A. error B. puzzle C. attraction D. contradiction 12.With immense relief I stopped running.A. no B. little C. scarce D. eno
5、rmous13.Gambling is lawful in Nevada.A. enjoyable B. irresistible C. legal D. profitable 14.In the background was that eternal hum.A. long B. never-ending C. boring D. extensive15.We can no longer tolerate his actions.A. put up with B. accept C. take D. receive 16.Have you talked to her latelyA. las
6、tly B. finally C. shortlyD. recently17.You must shine your shoes.A. polish B. clear C. wash D. mend 18.In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently.A. thoughtB. account C. mind D. brain 19.While we dont agree, we continue to be friends.A. Becau
7、se B. Where C. Although D. Whatever 20.The policeman wrote down all the particulars of the accident.A. secrets B. details C. benefits D. words 21.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.A. maintainB. improve C. preserve D. protect 22.Im content with the way the campaign has gone.A. tied B
8、. satisfied C. filled D. concerned 23.A notably short man, he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.A. practically B. considerably C. remarkably D. fairly24.He endured agonies before he finally expired.A. fired B. resigned C. died D. retreated 25.The economy continued to exhibit signs
9、 of decline in September.A. play B. send C. show D. tell 26.They agreed to modify their policy.A. clarify B. change C. define D. develop27.Mary has blended the ingredients.A. mixed B. made C. cooked D. eaten 28.This table is strong and durable.A. long-lasting B. extensive C. far-reaching D. eternal2
10、9.The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.A. staring B. laughing C. shouting D. smiling 30.For urban areas this approach was wholly inadequate.A. really B. basically C. fundamentally D. completely31.The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A. take out B. repair C. push in D. dig 32.ZYBAN
11、 is a prescription (处方) medicine to help people quit smoking. Studies have shown that more than one third of people quit smoking for at least one month while taking ZYBAN. For many patients, ZYBAN reduces withdrawal symptoms (脱瘾过程中产生的症状) and the strong wish to smoke. 2 ZYBAN should be taken as direc
12、ted by your doctor. The usual recommended dosing(剂量) is to take one 150-mg tablet in the morning for the first 3 days. On the fourth day, begin taking one 150-mg tablet in the morning and one 150-mg tablet in the early evening. Doses should be taken at least 8 hours apart. 3. For most patients, trea
13、tment will last 7 to 12 weeks. Because results vary, it may take longer for some people, Possibly up to 6 months depending on the individual. If you've been smoking for a long time, ZYBAN will help to reduce withdrawal symptoms. It's important to remain on ZYBAN for at least 7 to 12 weeks in
14、 order to quit for good. Your doctor should determine when to stop taking ZYBAN 4. It takes about 1 week for ZYBAN to reach the right levels in your body to be effective So, to increase your chance of quitting as much as possible, you should not stop smoking until you have been taking ZYBAN for 1 we
15、ek. You should set a date to stop smoking during the second week you're taking ZYBAN. 5. The side effects (副作用) associated with ZYBAN are generally mild and often disappear after a few weeks. The most common side effects are dry mouth and difficulty in sleeping. If you have difficulty sleeping,
16、avoid taking your medicine too close to bedtimeParagraph 2（）A.How should I take ZYBANB.What is ZYBANC.What are the side effects of taking ZYBAND.Who invented ZYBAN E How long should I take ZYBANF.How long does it take for ZYBAN to work33.Cancer develops over a long time, which means that you have ye
17、arstypically decadesin which to hinder or promote it. Researchers are finding that what you eat may interfere with cancer growth at various stages. For example, certain foods can block the chemicals that initate cancer. Antioxidants(抗氧化剂), found in some vitamins and minerals, can snuff out oxygen fr
18、ee radicls (氧自由基), substances that are thought to make cells more susceptible to cancer, and they can even repair some of the cellular damage that has been done. And some foodwheat bran(麦,糠) in particularhas been shown to shrink precancerous(癌症前期的) cells.A recent review of 17 studies from 17 nations
19、 reveals that people who eat the most fruits and vegetables have about half the cancer raters of those who eat the least. In fact, some research suggests that frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables can cut the risk of lung cancer even in smokers.One of the most studied antioxidants in vegetab
20、les and fruits thought to protect against cancer is beta-carotene(β胡萝卜素), concentrated in deep green, yellow and orange vegetables such as carrots, sweet potatoes and spinach.Research also shows that beta-carotene can change in the body to retinoic acid (维生素A酸), a substance used in clinical tri
21、als to treat certain cancers.Here are some of the foods that contain cancer-fighting chemicals.Tomatoes. One of the compounds in tomatoes that is thought to reduce the risk of cancer is lycopene(蕃茄素), the pigment (色素) that makes tomatoes red. Lycopene, an antioxidant that is also found in watermelon
22、s and apricots, quenches certain cancer-triggering oxygen free fadicals. Healthy people with the most blood lycopene.Green Vegetables. A recent Italian study showed that dark-green leafy vegetables lower the risk of many cancer. Spinach, broccoli, kale and dark-green lettuces are chock-full of antio
23、xidants, including beta-carotene, folate(叶酸) and lutein(叶黄素).A good rule of thumb(单凭经验的做法) : the darker the vegetable, the more antioxidants within.Pungent preventives(刺激性的预防物). A whole host of chemicals thought to have cancer-inhibiting properties have been identified in allium vegetables, which in
24、clude garlic, onions and scallions(大葱). Animal studies show that many of these chemicals block carcinogens that have been linked to colon, stomach, lung and liver cancer. A study at Pennsylvania State University found that feeding rats various garlic extracts and preparations(配制好的食物) reduced mammary
25、 tumors by as much as 71 percent. In humans, studies suggest that those who eat more onions and garlic are less prone to gastrointestinal cancer.Research suggests that garlic compounds may even interfere with cancer progression. A recent German study found that ajoene, a garlic compound, is toxic to
26、 malignant cells. Garlic may also antagonize existing cancer by boosting(促进) immune functions, according to researchers at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. Their study, done on mice, found that garlic’s sulfur compounds increased the activity of macrophages and T-lymphocytes(淋巴细胞), tw
27、o of the components of the immune system that destroy tumor ceils.Recent research indicated that what people eat may help to significantly reduce their risk of developing cancer.（）A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned34.Countless people are born with(生来就具有某种特点)the susceptibility to inherit a genetic dise
28、ase. But scientific progress, especially the art of interfering with(干涉,阻碍) the genetic makeup of the human body, has helped doctors prevent more and more inherited disorders in the last decade.Dr. Thomas Caskey of the Baylor University College of medicine in Houston, Texas, is a pioneer in molecula
29、r biology(分子生物学). Through the techniques of genetic engineering(基因工程), he transfers genes from one organism to another. Caskey uses a certain type of virus, called a retrovirus(逆转录病毒), as the vehicle for the gene transfer. He first cripples the virus by removing the portion it needs to reproduce its
30、elf. The crippled virus becomes harmless while still being able to deliver a cargo to its destination.The cargo in Caskey’s experiment is the human A-D-A gene, taken from bone marrow. A-D-A stands for(代表) adenosine deaminase(腺苷脱氨酶), an important component of the human immune system. A defect i
31、n the A-D-A gene leads to immune deficiency, rendering(致使) the body defenseless against infections. Caskey’s purpose was to see if the human A-D-A gene could repair the defective immune system of a mouse.In the experiment the mouse was given a dose of radiation heavy enough to destroy its immu
32、ne system. The animal next was injected with the crippled virus carrying the human A-D-A gene. According to Caskey, the mouse will die within 10 to 14 days unless a successful transfer of bone marrow cells takes place. So we lethally irradiate and subsequently rescue the mouse by bone marrow transpl
33、antation(骨髓移植)with the cells that have been infected with the virus. The mouse now carries the human gene that salvaged its immune system.Bone marrow transplantation has an established place in contemporary medical practice. Employed to restore the immune system of certain cancer patients and of peo
34、ple who have been exposed to radiation, bone marrow transplantation works only if there is a good match between donor and recipient.The procedure would be much easier if bone marrow were like blood. People with type O blood are universal donors(万能供体). Their blood may be transfused to those who have
35、different blood types. Unfortunately, there is no such thing as a universal bone-marrow type. Researchers may have found a way, however, to overcome this problem. The solution, if it works, would be to implant the patient with his own, perfectly matching(型配), bone marrow.The idea, as Caskey explains
36、 it, is to correct the patient’s disease with his own ceils, but those cells have added to them a normally functioning gene. In other words, surgeons would take defective bone-marrow cells from the patient and put them into a laboratory dish where the cells would be exposed to a crippled virus
37、 carrying a healthy AD-A gene from a donor. The A-D-A gene would repair the defective cells and then the cells would be reinjected into the patient. Thus, in Caskey words, the patient would be transplanted by his own ceils containing the added normal gene.The technique sounds deceptively(靠不住地) simpl
38、e. In reality, though(可是,不过, 然而), it is complex. A number of laboratories have tested various intermediate steps of the process, but, according to Caskey, no single laboratory has put together the entire technology successfully, and highly reproducibly, to proceed with a gene transfer at-tempt in ma
39、n.For some time now, the U.S. National Institute of Health has been taking a close look at(仔细,研究) the effectiveness and safety of the procedure, as well as the ethical questions it raises. There doesn’t seem to be much concern about the ethics of gene transfer into a human being to correct a g
40、enetic defect.Dr. W. French Anderson of N. I. H. wrote recently that claims that new organs, designed personalities, master races, or Frankenstein(佛兰肯思泰因，一个创造怪物而自己被它毁灭的医学研究者，英国女作家Mary W.Shelly同名小说中的主角) monsters will be created can be given no credence in the light of(根据,从来看) what is presently known.
41、 And he added that a well-informed public is the best assurance against any future misuses of genetic engineering.What is it that people can NOT do through the techniques of genetic engineering（）Asave livesBtransfer genesCcorrect a genetic defectDcreate a new organ35.William, who conquered England s
42、ome 930 years ago, had wealth, power and a ruthless army. Yet although William was stupefyingly rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing remotely resembling a flush toilet. No paper towels, no riding lawn mower. How did he get byHistory books are filled with wealthy people who were practical
43、ly destitute compared to me, I have tripe-tracked storm window; Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldn’t buy cat food in bulk. Czar Nicholas lacked a compound-miter saw.Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you’d think
44、 I’d be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my prosperity with that of living persons: neighbors, high-school classmates, TV personalities. The covetousness I feel toward my friend Howard’s kitchen is not mitigated by the fact that no French monarch ever had a refri
45、gerator with glass doors.There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different stuff to feel grumpy about. You’d think that merely not having bubonic plague(腺鼠疫) would put us in a good mood. But no, we want a hot tub too.Of course, one way to
46、achieve happiness would be to realize that even by contemporary standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers’, but even so it has a lot more rooms than my wife’s and I can keep clean. Besides, to people looking back at our era
47、 from a century or two in the future, those bankers’ fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica(福米加塑料桌面)will seem equally shabby. I can’t keep up with my neighbor right now. but just wait.Which of the following was possessed by the King William （）AFlush toiletBRuthless armyCPaper towelsDRiding lawn mower36.Between now(June) and Labor Day, millions of Ameri