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1、初中英语总复习：初中英语总复习： 祈使句和感叹句祈使句和感叹句 主讲人：三及第李卫星主讲人：三及第李卫星 一、祈使句的概念和基本形式一、祈使句的概念和基本形式二、祈使句的注意事项二、祈使句的注意事项三、感叹句的概念、类型和基本结构三、感叹句的概念、类型和基本结构祈使句祈使句 主语是主语是 “ “you”you”，通常省略。句末用感叹号，通常省略。句末用感叹号或句号，读的时候用降调。或句号，读的时候用降调。 定义：定义：表示请求、命令、警告、建议等句表示请求、命令、警告、建议等句子。以祈使句中，一般以动词原形开头。子。以祈使句中，一般以动词原形开头。1.肯定形式（动词原形开头）肯定形式（动词原形
2、开头）1）be型型(Be+表语表语+其他其他 )eg. Be quiet! Be seated, please! Be careful! Dont run so fast. 2）do型（实义动词原型型（实义动词原型+宾语宾语+其他）其他） eg. Come in, please Please open your books！3）let型（型（Let+宾语宾语+动词原形动词原形+其他）其他） eg. Let him do it by himself. Let me help you. Lets go to the park. 2.否定形式否定形式（一般在动词上否定，也可以用否定（一般在动词上否定
3、，也可以用否定副词来表示）副词来表示） 1）be型（型（Dont be +表语）表语） eg. Dont be sad! Never be late again next time! 2）do型（型（Dont +动词原形动词原形+其他）其他） eg. Dont believe him! He is a liar. Dont worry! Everything will be OK. Never do it again! b. Dont+ let+宾语宾语+动词原形动词原形+其他其他 eg. Dont let Jim do that. Dont let us go, please. 3）let型
4、有两种否定形式型有两种否定形式 a. Let+宾语宾语+not+动词原形动词原形+其他其他 eg. Let her not do that. 别让她那么做。别让她那么做。 Lets not think about it. Its only a waste of time.3.特殊形式的祈使句特殊形式的祈使句1 1）无动词祈使句常常用于一些表示禁止的标）无动词祈使句常常用于一些表示禁止的标语牌上。语牌上。 eg. No parking! No smoking!2）加强语气的祈使句：）加强语气的祈使句：Do+动词原形动词原形 eg. Do write to me soon. 一定要快点给我写信啊。
5、一定要快点给我写信啊。 Do let me do it by myself. 请一定让我自己处理。请一定让我自己处理。4.4.祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句的反意疑问句aLets表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“Shall we?” 如：如：Lets go for a walk，shall we? Lets forget it，shall we?b其它形式都用其它形式都用will you? 如：如：Pass me the book，will you? Let us go for a walk，will you? Dont tell anyone about it，
6、will you? 5. 祈使句与条件状语从句的互相转换：祈使句与条件状语从句的互相转换： 祈使句祈使句 + and +一般将来时，一般将来时， 表示表示“递进递进”。 祈使句祈使句 + or + 一般将来时，表示一般将来时，表示“否则否则”。 试比较：试比较： Hurry up and youll catch the train. (If you hurry up，youll catch the train) Hurry up，or youll miss the train (If you dont hurry up，youll miss the train.) Turn left!祈使句在
7、标识中的应用：祈使句在标识中的应用：Turn right!Dont smoke!No smoking!Dont play footballDont park your car! No parking!Dont eat!Dont pick the flowers!Walk on the zebra crossing! Go upstairs! Go downstairs!1. Jim, _ me a hand. A. gives B. is giving C. will give D. give2. _ careful, Jenny! There is a tree in front of yo
8、u. A. Am B. / C. Be D. Was3. Lets _ our time. A. not waste B. no wasting C. not to waste D. no waste4. _ higher, and you will see the house. OK. A. If you stand B. To stand C. When you stand D. Stand5. Please _ do it. A. he B. let him C. let he D. him6. _ let anyone open the door. A. Dont B. Will C.
9、 Not D. No7. Dont be late again. Sorry, _. A. I may B. I must C. I will D. I wont8. Call me when you get home. OK, _. A. I must B. I can C. I will D. I mayThe girl is very pretty.What a pretty girl she is! How pretty the girl is!感叹句感叹句What a strange frog it is!How strange the frog is!The frog is ver
10、y strange.The birds are very lovely!What lovely birds they are!How lovely the birds are!Those ants are carrying food quickly/ busilyHow quickly those ants are carrying food!The butterfly is having a rest in a tree comfortably. How comfortably the butterfly is having a rest!感叹句：感叹句：1、含义：、含义：感叹句表示说话时的
11、惊讶、喜悦、赞赏感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏 和愤怒等情绪。和愤怒等情绪。2、构成：、构成：感叹句是由感叹句是由what和和how引导引导其句型结构为其句型结构为What/How+感叹部分感叹部分+主谓！主谓！ 3、What 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句）What + a/an+形容词形容词+可数名词单数可数名词单数+主谓！主谓！ What a beautiful voice she has! 她的声音多美啊！她的声音多美啊！）What+形容词形容词+可数名词复数可数名词复数+主谓！主谓！ What kind doctors they are! 他们是多好的医生啊！他们是多好的医生啊！）Wh
12、at+形容词形容词+不可数名词不可数名词+主语主语+谓语！谓语！ What good news it is! 4、How 引导的感叹句引导的感叹句 How+形容词形容词+主语主语+谓语！谓语！ How clever you are! How+副词副词+主语主语+谓语！谓语！ How well she dances! how+陈述句（主语陈述句（主语+谓语）谓语） How he loves his son! 他多么爱他的儿子啊！他多么爱他的儿子啊！5、“What + a (an) +形容词形容词+可数名词单数可数名词单数+主语主语+谓语！谓语！”句型可转换为句型可转换为“How+形容词形容词 +
13、主语主语+谓语！谓语！”句型。句型。 What a clever boy he is! How clever the boy is!如何区分由如何区分由 What引导的感叹句和由引导的感叹句和由How引导的感叹句：引导的感叹句：1）What an interesting story she has told us! 她告诉我们多么有趣的一个故事啊！她告诉我们多么有趣的一个故事啊！2）What expensive watches they are! 多贵的手表啊！多贵的手表啊！3）What terrible weather it is! 多么恶劣的天气啊！多么恶劣的天气啊！4）How cold
14、it is! 多冷啊！多冷啊！5）How hard he works! 他工作多么努力啊！他工作多么努力啊！2010年南京中考卷第年南京中考卷第3题：题：_ beautiful day it is! Lets go and have a picnic in the park.A. How B. How a C. What D. What a2010年常州市中考卷第年常州市中考卷第8题：题：_wonderful news report he wrote !A. What a B. what C. which D. weather2010年泰州市中考卷第年泰州市中考卷第12题：题：-With th
15、e help of ORBIS doctors, the boy can see again.-_ he is!A.What lucky B. What a luck C. How Luck D. How lucky2009年南京市英语中考题：年南京市英语中考题： _dangerous it is to ride fast on a busy road!A. What B. What a C. How D. How a1. _ heavy traffic! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How2. _ cold weather today! A. What aB.
16、 What C. How a D. How3. _ fine day it is! A. HowB. What C. What aD. How a4. _ fine it is today! A. HowB. WhatC. What a D. How a5. _ beautiful the flowers look! A. How a B. How C. What aD. WhatBBCAB6. _ tall buildings they are! A. How a B. How C. What aD. What7. _ tall the buildings are! A. How a B. How C. What aD. What8. _ delicious the food is! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a9. _ lucky you were to see Yao Ming at the airport! A. What B. How C. What aD. How aDBAB