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1、1、祈使句结构 祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告等。1)祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。例如: Take this seat. 坐这儿。 Do be careful. 务必小心。 否定结构:例如:Dont move. 不准动。Dont be late. 不要迟到。2)第二种祈使句以let开头。Let 的反意疑问句: a. Lets 包括说话者。例如:Lets have another try, shall we / shant we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次,如何? b. Le
2、t us 不包括说话者。例如:Let us have another try,will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次,好吗? 否定结构:例如: Lets not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事。2、强调句结构 常用的强调句结构是it 引导的句子,结构为It is(was)+ 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其余部分。此结构强调的成分限于主语,宾语和状语。例如: It
3、is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。 It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 知道读了你的信,我才知道实际情形。典型例题1)It was last night _ I see the comet.A.the timeB.when C.thatD.which 答案C. 强调句的结构是: It +be +强调部分 + that (who)+ 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个,that和who。当
4、强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用 who,其余用that。强调句只有两张时态,一般现在时和一般过去时。再如:原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening. 强调时间: It was yesterday eveni
5、ng that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when) 强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening. 2)It is ten years _ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. thatB. when C. since D. as 答案C. 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉It be that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 It isthat,只剩
6、下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。3、感叹句结构 感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如:How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子!How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如:How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱!What +名词+陈述语序。例如:What noise they are making! 他们真吵!What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如:What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子!What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如:What wonderful ideas (we have)! 我们的主意真棒!What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如:What cold weather it is! 多冷的天!