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1、Contents目录第一章名词1. 名词的数2. 名词的格第二章代词1. 人称代词2. 物主代词第三章冠词 与 数词1. 冠词2. 数词第四章一般现在时态第五章现在进行时态第六章句型1陈述句2疑问句3祈使句4There be 句型与 have has 第七章总结考试第一章名词（Noun）名词的概念在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词 +单位 +of+物质名词” 的形式，如 a piece of bread (一片面包 )，
2、变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数，如： two pieces of bread(两片面包 )。*名词复数的构成法则1. 一般情况下在词尾加 s. 词尾读音shop - shops (商店 ) 在清辅音后读 s bag - bags (书包 ) 在浊辅音后读 z window - windows ( 窗户 ) 在元音后读 z 2. 以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。class - classes (班级 ) 词尾读音 iz box - boxes ( 盒子 ) match - matches (比赛 ) brush - brushes (刷子 ) 3. 以“辅音字母+y”
3、结尾的词，变 y 为 i 加 es. story - stories (故事 ) 词尾读音 iz 4. 以“元音字母+y” 结尾的词，在词尾直接加s key - keys 词尾读音 z monkey - monkeys 5.以 “ o” 结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s” , 但个别加“ es”tomato - tomatoes (西红柿 ) 词尾读音 z potato - potatoes (土豆 ) zoo - zoos (动物园 ) photo - photos ( 照片 ) * （以 “ o” 结尾，复数加“ es” ）口诀 ：黑人 (Negro)英雄 (hero)，左手拿着西红柿(t
4、omato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)，头顶一个大芒果（mango） 。6. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f 或 fe 为 ves. leaf - leaves (树叶 ) 词尾读音 vz knife - knives ( 小刀 ) * （以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，需把f 或 fe 变 ves的单词）口诀：妻子（ wife ）持刀（ knife ）去宰狼（ wolf ） ，小偷（ thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，半 (half)片树叶（ leaf）遮目光。* （以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词，直接加“ s” 的单词）口诀：长颈鹿 (giraffe) 站在屋檐
5、 (roof) 下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief) ，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf) 。例：roof - roofs ( 屋顶 ) 7. 不规则名词复数的变化man - men (男人 ) tooth -teeth ( 牙齿 ) child - children ( 儿童 ) mouse - mice( 老鼠 ) foot - feet ( 脚) woman - women ( 女人 ) 8. 名词单复数形式一样sheep - sheep (绵羊 ) deer - deer （鹿）English - English （英国人）Chinese - Chinese （中国人）*（不规则名词
6、变复数）口诀：男人，女人a变 e；鹅，足，牙齿oo 变 ee；其实老鼠也好记ous 变 ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法1. 主要是在词尾加 s 构成。如 : This is Tom s desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。That is Mike s book. 那是迈克的书。2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个 . 如: the teachers reading room 教师阅览室the pupils pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面加上 s 。如：the children s pa
7、lace 少年宫men s room 男厕所*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格， s 前面加一撇 ，复数 s 放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式puter _ 2.apple _ 3.city _ 4.house _ 5.sheep _ 6.watch _ 7.tomato _8.child _ 9.tooth _ 10.foot _ 11.wife _12.potato _ 13.play _ 14.day _ 15.glass _ 16.radio _ 17.zoo _ 18. life _ 19. story _ 20.leaf _ 2
8、1. baby _ 22.dress _ 23.butterfly _24. deer _ 25.class _ 26.brush _ 27.key _ 28. English _29.mouse _30. man _ 二、汉译英1Tom 的足球 _ 2. 老师们的自行车 _ 3学生们的课桌_ 4.哥哥的文具盒 _ 5姑姑的卡片_ 6.猴子们的香蕉 _ 7蚂蚁们的早餐_ 8.妈妈的包 _ 9姐姐的连衣裙 _ 10 女孩们的苹果 _ 三、把下列句子翻译成英文1这些 是 Peter 的篮球吗？_ 2这个是老师的钢笔吗？_ 3有一些书在 Sam的课桌上。 _ 4有一些孩子们在教室里。_ 四、改错（圈
9、出错处，在横线上改正过来）1.There are some butterflys on the table. _ 2.This is Alice dress. _ 3.I like tomato very much. _ 五、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This dog is brown. _ 2. There is a book and a pen on the table. _3.That woman is a teacher. _能力测试卷（名词）一、将下列名词变成复数形式。1.plane tree lesson month apple shirt 2. box bus brush wat
10、ch class fox 3.knife life leaf Wife thief 4.day boy monkey baby country story 5.photo radio piano tomato hero 6. child tooth man Sheep English Chinese 二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“ ”1The house is my brother. _ 2. He has visited many country. _ 3. They are Englishs. _ 4. This is Tom red bike. _ 三、选择填空1There are
11、 two _ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman 2.The old man will have _ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth 3. _ are sold in this bookstore. A. Childrens books B. Children books 4. Some friends of _ will come here. A. John s B. John 5. Can you give me _? A. some papers B. a piece of paper 6.There are _
12、on the floor. A. some box B. some boxes 四、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This sheep is white. _ 2. There is a desk and a chair in the room. _3.That man is a doctor. _第二章代词一、人称代词1人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化见下表：数人称主格宾格单数第一人称I me 第二人称you you 第三人称he she it him her it 复数第一人称We us 第二人称you you 第三人称they them 主格与宾格
13、：人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen is bad.I cant write with it. 这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。2.人称代词的排列顺序人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。1） 单数代词： you and I; you and he ; he and I ; you ,he and I 2） 复数代词： we and they ; we and you ; you and they; w
14、e, you and they 3） 第三人称单数代词：he and she *人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三；麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见；两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。人称类别第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性my our your your his,her,its their 名词性mine our yours yours his,hers,its theirs 名词性物主代词= 形容词性物主代词+ 名词例， Whose
15、coat is this? 这是谁的上衣 ? It s hers. 是她的。hers= her coat *关于物主代词的口诀：物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的”，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，my your his her its our their 不放过。形容词性是基础，除了我的“ mine” 外，其他词尾“s”性形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又独往。三、反身代词反身代词也叫“自身代词”，表示“ * 自己” 。数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself yourself himself, herself 复数ourselves yourselves thems
16、elves I can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves 替-f 四、指示代词This (这个 )- these ( 这些 ) 指近处的事物That (那个 )- these ( 那些 ) 指远处的事物例， This is a book. 这是本书。These are some books. 这些是书。That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车。代词练习题一、根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Mary is a friend
17、 of _. ( I ) 2. This is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( I ) is in the bag. 3. Her brother is too young to look after _ ( he ) 4. This is _ ( I ) book. This book is _ ( I ). 5. These pens are _ ( we ). 二、填写下列表格。人称代词我我们你， 你们他她它他们主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词三、改写下列句子Eg, This is my book. - The book is mine. 1. That is h
18、er ruler. _ 2. These are their footballs. _ 3. This is my backpack . _ 4. Those are your boxes. _ 四、把下列句子改写成复数。1. This is a butterfly. _ 2. That is a bus. _ 3. It is a mouse. _ 五、改错。1.This is mine lamp. _ 2.These are ours books._ 3. That are their teacher. _ 4.The house is my brother. _ 5. He has vi
19、sited many country. _ 6. They are Chineses. _ 7. This is Tom red bike. _ 能力测试卷（代词）一、帮下面的好朋友团圆（连线）I 她its 我们her 他（她，它）们we 我they 你的their 他（她，它）们your 她的she 它的二、填空1She s a teacher . This is _ bag. 2. He s a driver. This is _ taxi. 3. I am a boy . _ name is Peter. 4. -What s _ name? - My name is Tony. 5.
20、It s my puppy. _ name is Mimi. 三、选择( ) 1.Your book is not so old as _. A. him B. he C. his D. she ( ) 2. _ book is it ? It s _. A. Whoseher B. Whose hers C. Whohers D. Whom her ( ) 3. He is a friend of _. A. our B. us C. my D. mine 四、改错1. I, you and he are all teachers. _ 2. This is mine teddy bear.
21、 _ 3. These are ours bags. _ 4. These is their teachers. _ 第三章 数词和冠词一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。1 最基本的基数词如下表所示：110 1119 20100 1 one 11 eleven 2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 7 se
22、ven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty 9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety 10 ten 100 one hundred *基数词的写法：2199 的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-” 。例： 21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine 百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred” ，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and。例： 101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648six h
23、undred and forty-eight 2序数词的构成1）一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th 构成。例，four+ th- fourth six + th - sixth seven + th - seventh ten + th - tenth 2）下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例，one - first two - second three - third five- fifth eight - eighth nine - ninth twelve - twelfth 3）十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成 i，然后在加eth.例，twenty - twe
24、ntieth thirty - thirtieth forty - fortieth ninety - ninetieth 4） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，twenty one - twenty- first thirty-five -thirty-fifth a hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third *基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律；词尾加上th（fourth, sixth ）一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d； （first，second，third）八去 t,九去 e,（
25、eighth，ninth） ；ve 要用 f 替； （fifth ，twelfth ）整十基数变序数，ty 将 y 变成 i ; th 前面有个 e；要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。二、冠词冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。a 或 an 是不定冠词， the 是定冠词。 a 用在辅音音素之前，如a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音因素之前，如an apple, an hour, an English book. 1.不定冠词（ a,an）指人或事物的某一种类，表示“一个”，但不强调数量。She is a teacher. That s an orange. 2.定冠词the，是特指某（些
26、）人、某（些）物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。This is a bus. The bus is big. 3.不用冠词的情况：1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如，Chinese, English, Jim 等。2） 名词前已经有this, that, my, your 等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，that mouse (那只老鼠 ) 3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如，at home 在家go to school 去上学*定冠词 the 的用法记忆口诀：特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；方位、顺序和
27、乐器，年代、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the 加在前。*零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/” 。1) at _home 2) go to_ bed 3) go to _school 4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time 6) _red apple 7)_ English book 8) _ spoon 9)_ orange 10) _melon 11) _ eraser 二、选择填空1.T
28、here is _ “ m ” in the word “ primary”A.an B.a C.the D./ 2.This is _ orange bike . A.a B.an C.the D/ 3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper . A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world . A.an , the B.a , the C.the , / D./ , the 5.We are go
29、ing to _ cinema this evening . A.the B./ C/a D.an 6.He s standing on _ other side of _ river . A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit . A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _ first to come . A.The B.a C.the D./ 9.Do you see _ book on _ table ? A.the
30、 , a B.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Where s _ desk ? It s in _ middle of the room .A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _ friend of mine . A.an B./ C.the D.a 12.There is _ university near the farm . A.a B.an C.the D./ 13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 . A./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _ book . I t
31、 s _ interesting one . I like reading _ books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _ Children s Day .A.a B.an C.the D/ 16.This is _ bag . That is _ eraser . A.a, a B.a , an C.an , a D. an , an 四、用代词填空: 1._ , _ and _ are all good friends . A.We , you , they B.Y
32、ou , they , we C.We , they , you D.They , you , we 2._ classroom is big , but _ is much bigger than _ . A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , theirs , ours D.Our , theirs , we 3.She lost _ pen . Will you lend her _ ? A.her , yours B.his , your C.hers , you D.their , yourself 4. “ What are you
33、 doing ?” “ I am looking at _ in the mirror ? ”A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself 5._ , _ and _ all enjoy music . A.She , you , I B.I , she , you C.You , she , I D.I , you , she 能力测试卷（冠词和数词）一、写出相邻的数词1. twenty 2. five 3. twelve 4. fifty-eight 5. ninety 6. seventy 7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred 9. one t
34、housand 10. one 二、选择正确答案1.There are days in a year. A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five 2.There are students in this school. A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and f
35、orty-six D. eight hundred forty-six 3.My brother is in . A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade One C. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one 4.He was doing some washing . A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eight C. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday
36、morning 5.There are months in a year. December is the month of the year. A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth 6.Sunday is the day of the week. A. seventh B. first C. second D. third 7.Autumn is season in a year. A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third 8.
37、Tom was to get to school and I was . A. first; ninth B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. the second; the ninth 9.What s the date today? It s . A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th10.Monday is the second day, and . A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifth C. the second is
38、 Tuesday D. the second is Thursday 第四章一般现在时态一、一般现在时的定义一般现在时是表示现在经常反复发生的动作，存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。二、一般现在时的结构一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-s 或- es。现在以连系动词be 和行为动词read为例， 对一般现在时的肯定句、否定句、 疑问句及其简略答语的构成以表格形式加以说明：动词肯定句否定句be I am I am not You/We/They are You/We/They are not He/She/It is . He/She/It is not read
39、 I/We/You/They read I/We/You/They/ do not read He/She/It reads He/She/It does not read 动词疑问句简略答语（肯定）简略答语（否定）be Am I ? Yes , you are. No, you are not. Are you ? Yes, I am/we are. No, I am/we are not. Are we ? Yes, we/you are. No, we/ you are not. Are they ? Yes, they are. No, they are not. Is he? Yes
40、, he is. No, he is not. Is she ? Yes, she is. No, she is not. Is it ? Yes, it is. No, it is not. read Do I / we / they read ? Yes, you / we / they do. No, you / we / they do not. Does he / she / it read ? Yes, he / she / it does. No, he / she / it does not. 连系动词be 的各种形式常与代词或not 缩写成一个词。助动词do，does 一般只
41、有与not 缩写。联系动词be 缩写形式如下肯定缩写否定缩写I am I m I am not I m not You are You re You are not You re not /You aren t He is He s He is not He s not /He isn t She is She s She is not She s not /She isn t It is It s It is not It s not / It isn t We are We re We are not We re not / We aren t They are They re They
42、are not They re not / They aren t 动词 do not 的缩写形式为don t，does not 的缩写形式为doesn t。二、 动词加 -s 或-es （动词第三人称单数）当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s 或-es 1 一般在词尾加 s 例： work works leave - leaves swim - swims 2 以字母 s，x，ch，sh 或 o 结尾的词加 -es 例： pass- passes fix -fixes teach - teaches do- does 3 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词，先变y 为 i 再加 -es 例： st
43、udy - studies carry - carries fly - flies cry - cries 三、一般现在时的用法1 表示经常或习惯性的动作。常与 often（经常） , always（总是） , sometimes （有时） , every day（每天） , on Sundays/Mondays 等表示频度的时间状语连用。一般现在时的时间状语有：today, often, sometimes, always, usually, every day ( week, month, year,) , this year, once a week ( month, year,) 一周
44、（月，年）一次例句： I get up at 6 o clock every day. He often goes to school by bike. 2 表示客观事实，普遍真理。例句： Two and two are four. 二加二等于四。The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时态专项练习一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式post eat stop jump go like visit pass rise read ride have give write swim study watch fly teach do 二、 单项选择( )
45、1._ you have a book ? A Do B. Are C. Is D. Have ( )2.Does Li Lei like to watch TV? _. A. Yes, he like. B. No, he doesn t. C. Yes, he d like. D. No, he likes. ( )3.She doesn t _ her homework in the afternoon. A. doing B. to do C. does D. do ( )4.How _ Mr. Smith _ to England? A. do, go B. is , go C. d
46、oes, go D. does , goes ( )5. _ she _ home at six every day? A. Is , leave B. Does , leave C. Is , leaves D. Does , left 三、 用下列动词的适当形式填空1.I _ ( get ) up at 6 o clock every day. 2.My father _ (have) a lovely dog. 3.He _ (go ) to school on foot. 4.She _ (do ) not like watching TV . 5.They _ (play) foot
47、ball every Sunday afternoon. 四、 按要求完成下列各题1.Tomorrow is Saturday.( 变成一般疑问句) _ _ Saturday ? 2.Does he play basketball every weekend? ( 肯定回答 ) Yes, _ _. 3.She looks like her sister.( 变一般疑问句) _ she _ like her sister ? 4.Peter and Sam look the same.(一般疑问句 ) _ they _ the same ? 5.Do they always go to the
48、movie ( 电影院 ) on Sundays ? (否定回答 ) No, _ _. 五、英汉互译1.Tom 经常放学后（ after school）踢足球。_ 2.我喜欢唱歌。_ 3.He often goes to school on foot. _ 4.Children like to play this game. _ 5.今天是星期日。_ 能力测试卷（一般现在时）一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式go have swim study rise stop do ride cry go write fly play read come buy give watch work carry
49、 二、用动词的适当形式填空1. He _ (go) to school on foot. 2. She _ not like watching TV . (do) 3. My father _ (have) a lovely dog. 4. I often _ ( get ) up at six every morning. 5. My mother _ ( work) in a school. 三、英汉互译1. 他经常在周六的时候读英语。_ 2. Peter 每天都帮助妈妈做家务。_ 3. Tom always plays football after school. _ 4I get up
50、 at six o clock every day. _ 5. The coat fits (适合) me very well. _ 第五章现在进行时态一、现在进行时的定义现在进行时是表示在现在某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作的时态。二、现在进行时的构成现在进行时由“系动词（am，is ， are） + 现在分词（动词加-ing 形式）”构成。现在以动词work 为例，对现在进行时的肯定句、否定句、疑问句及简略答语列表说明：肯定句否定句I am working. I am not working. You are working. You are not working. He/She/It