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1、 宾语从句宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。是主从复合句的一种。 主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。什么是宾语从句？什么是宾语从句？ 主句中的主句中的宾语宾语由由完整的句子完整的句子充当。充当。He said (that) he bought a
2、book yesterday.主主 谓谓 宾宾(宾语从句宾语从句)宾语从句的类型宾语从句的类型: : I.当从句是当从句是陈述句陈述句时时,用用“that”引导引导.1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. 2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”. He said that I was younger than him. He says that Tom is a good student. 注：注：that that 在句中无词汇意义在句中无词汇意义, ,在从句中不能在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略充当成分，在口语
3、当中往往省略宾语从句的类型宾语从句的类型: : Exercises:1. “I am doing my homework.” He said. 2. “I will come back.” Tom said. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 当主句为过去时,从句要用相应的过去时态.He saidwasTom saidwould宾语从句的类型宾语从句的类型: : Exercises:3. she says, She saw a film yesterday.4. Our teach
4、er told us, “The earth goes around the sun.”Our teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.She says that she saw a film yesterday.当主句为现在时,从句时态不限.当从句表达的是客观事实时当从句表达的是客观事实时, ,其时态不受主句的影响。其时态不受主句的影响。宾语从句的类型宾语从句的类型: : II. 1.当从句是当从句是一般疑问句或反意疑一般疑问句或反意疑问句问句时，用时，用“if”或或“whether”引导。引导。1. She said, “ Do you
5、often come here to read newspaper? ”2. “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked. She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper. He asked if (whether) they would go to visit the Great Wall. 1. He wants to know, “Youre from America, arent you?2.“Tom has finished his work,hasnt he?
6、 The manager asked.He wants to know ifwhether I am from America. The manager asked ifwhether Tom had finished his work.2. 当从句是当从句是反意疑问句反意疑问句时，用时，用“if”或或“whether”引导。引导。Exercises:3. I dont know _ or not .（是否要下雨）（是否要下雨） whether it will rain*当句末为当句末为or not时，只用时，只用whether而不用而不用if.1. Do they like to make
7、friends with us? He asked. 2. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. He asked ifwhether they liked to make friends with them. Jim asked ifwhether he was doing his homework. III. 当从句是当从句是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句时，时，由连接代由连接代词词what, whom, whose, which, what 及及连接副词连接副词 when, where, how, why引导引导1. He asked, “Where do
8、you live?”2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked. He asked where I lived. He asked how they could get to the post-office. 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?3. “When will he come back?” Tom asked.Exercises:I asked where they stop
9、ped on the way.Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?1. The teacher told us. Dont play on the street.2.She said. Open the windows,please.The teacher told us not to play on the street.She asked meus to open the windows当从句是当从句是祈使句祈使句时用动词不定式表示时用动词不定式表示not to p
10、layto open引述动词有：引述动词有：tell, ask, order等等,句型是句型是: tell/ask/order sb. (not) to do sth.主从句时态一致主从句时态一致1.1.当当主句是现在时主句是现在时, ,宾语从句该宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态用什么时态就用什么时态. .He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.Please tell us where he is.I am sure (that) he will succeed.I dont know he didnt come yesterday.2. 当当主句是过
11、去时主句是过去时, 宾语从句只能用相宾语从句只能用相 应的过去时态应的过去时态.*注意注意:当从句表达的是当从句表达的是客观事实客观事实的时候的时候,其时态不受主句的影响。其时态不受主句的影响。He asked what time it was.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.1.1.当从句是当从句是陈述句陈述句时时, , 只需注意只需注意
12、人称和时态人称和时态的变化的变化. . 1. Lucy asked, “Could you do something for me,Tom?”2. He said to me,“ What is your name?”陈述语序陈述语序Lucy asked Tom if he could do something for her.He asked me what my name was.陈述语序陈述语序2.2.当从句是当从句是一般疑问句或是特殊疑问句一般疑问句或是特殊疑问句 时时, ,既要注意既要注意人称和时态人称和时态的变化的变化, ,更要注更要注意把他们改为意把他们改为陈述语序陈述语序. .
13、Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have a meeting.I want to know if whether he lives there. 改错！改错！Could you tell me where buy some stamps ?can I Could you tell me where ? is the post officecan II dont know what I shall do next .宾语从句与简单句的互换宾语从句与简单句的互换: :在以特殊疑问句词引导的从句中在以特殊疑问
14、句词引导的从句中,有些句子有些句子可以转化成由可以转化成由“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+ +动词不定式动词不定式”的形式的形式. 使句子由主从复合句变成简单句使句子由主从复合句变成简单句.当主句中的主语与从句的主语一致时当主句中的主语与从句的主语一致时, ,直接变成简单句直接变成简单句I dont know what to do next .Can you tell me how I can get to the stop？Please tell him which book he would read first. John didnt decide which shirt he would bu
15、y.2. 2. 当主句含有双宾语时当主句含有双宾语时, , 如间宾语和从如间宾语和从句主语一致句主语一致, , 也可变成简单句也可变成简单句. .Can you tell me how to get to the stop .Please tell him which book to read first .John didnt decide which shirt to buy .注意注意宾语从句中如果主句的谓语动词是宾语从句中如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等等,变否定句时变否定句时,应把否定词前移到主句中应把否定词前移到主句中;变疑问句时变
16、疑问句时,应把主句变为疑问句。应把主句变为疑问句。eg: 一般的宾语从句变否定式同其它的句子一样。一般的宾语从句变否定式同其它的句子一样。Im afraid I cant go there. 恐怕我不能去那儿。恐怕我不能去那儿。I dont guess you know the answer to the question. Do you know she is ill in hospital?我猜你不知道这个问题的答案。我猜你不知道这个问题的答案。你知道她生病住院了吗你知道她生病住院了吗? ?单项选择单项选择-Could you tell me _ the hospital? -Its qu
17、ite far. You can take the No. 1 bus to go there.A.how I can go to B. how can I get toC. how can I reach D. where is A单项选择单项选择 -Could you tell me _? I want to post a letter. A.where is the post officeB.Where the post office isC. how can I get to the cinemaD. how I can get to the cinema B【中考范例】【中考范例】1
18、. (2004年北京市中考试题年北京市中考试题) Miss Green didnt tell us _in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived【解析】答案：【解析】答案：D D 该题考查的是宾该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D D。2. (2004(2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题年上海市徐汇区中考试题) ) Would you please tell m
19、e _? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game【解析】答案：【解析】答案：D D 该题考查该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态的是宾语从句的语序和时态. .主句用的是现在时主句用的是现在时, ,宾语从句宾语从句应陈述语序和一般过去时。应陈述语序和一般过去时。3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题年哈尔滨市中考试题) I dont know when _. A.will the train leave B.the
20、train will leave C.would the train leave D.the train leave【解析】答案：【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有句的语序和时态。只有B符合要求。符合要求。 4. (2004年常州市中考试题年常州市中考试题) -We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from【解析】答案【解
21、析】答案: C: C。该题考查宾语从句。该题考查宾语从句的语序。按照谈论的话题可知：他们的语序。按照谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人说的是某人是哪里人.AB.AB可排除可排除, ,D D语序不对语序不对, ,只有只有C C正确。正确。翻译翻译n1.我不知道他什么时候来我不知道他什么时候来.I dont know when he will come.n2.你能告诉我他住在哪里吗你能告诉我他住在哪里吗?Can you tell me where he lives?3.你知道他为什么迟到吗你知道他为什么迟到吗?Do you know why he is late?考考你考考你1. “I am
22、doing my homework.” He said.2. “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked.3. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?4. Scientists proved, “Light travels much faster than sound”.5. “Dont smoke in the room,”he said to me.考考你考考你1. “I am doing my homework.” He said.2.“Will they go to vi
23、sit the Great Wall?” he asked. He said (that) he was doing his homework.时态：时态：am-was 人称：人称：I-he my-his 连词：连词：thatHe asked ifwhether they would go to visit the .时态：时态：will-would 人称：人称：they 连词：连词：ifwhether考考你考考你3. “How can I get to the station?Could you tell me4. Scientists proved, “Light travels much
24、 faster than sound”.时态：时态：不变不变 人称：人称：不变不变 连词：连词：how(小写）小写）Could you tell me How I can get to the station. howScientists proved that Light travels much faster than sound”.当从句是客观事实时当从句是客观事实时,时态不受主句的影响。时态不受主句的影响。连词连词: that 考考你考考你5. “Dont smoke in the room,” he said to me.said to toldasked He asked me not to smoke in the room. 时态：时态： 人称：人称： 连词：连词：asktell sb. to do not to do sth.