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1、专题12阅读理解（科普或环境保护类或健康类）1.【2017年内蒙古赤峰市】阅读短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。请将正确答案序号按要求涂在答题卡指定位置。 Lab work is fun but you must be careful. Listen carefully when your teacher reads and explains the rules before your first lab lesson.LAB RULESThroughout the lessons* Do not enter the science lab without the t
2、eachers permission(允许). * No food or drinks are to be allowed in the science lab.Before the Experiment* Read all instructions carefully before every experiment(实验).* Prepare all apparatus(仪器)and put them in right places so that you will not knock them over while doing the experiment.During the Exper
3、iment* If you are unsure of how to use any apparatus or how to operate, ask your teacher for help.* Never smell or taste chemicals unless your teacher gives permission.After the Experiment* Wash all apparatus after use and return them to the places where they were.* Throw waste materials into proper
4、 waste baskets.First Aid* Report all accidents to your teacher immediately.* If you spill any chemicals onto your body or clothing, wash with plenty of water and report to your teacher.31. 【小题1】You must know the LAB RULES _ the first lab lessons.A. before B. since C. during D.after32. 【小题2】It is nec
5、essary for you to _ before every experiment.A. read all instructions carefully B. take enough food and drinksC. smell chemicals immediately D. talk with your classmates.33. 【小题3】If you are not sure of how to use any apparatus, _. A. read the rules carefully B. try them again and againC. ask your tea
6、cher for help D. return all apparatus to the places where they were34. 【小题4】The underlined word “spill” means _.A. 照射 B. 伤害 C.摔下 D.溅出35. 【小题5】When you are in the science lab, you mustnt _.A. be careful in order to prevent injury B. listen carefully when your teacher explains the rulesC. taste chemic
7、als without the teachers permission D. throw waste materials into proper waste baskets【答案】31.【小题1】A32.【小题2】A33.【小题3】C34.【小题4】D35.【小题5】C【解析】34.【小题4】D词义猜测题。根据假设的情景If you spill any chemicals onto your body or clothing,及wash with plenty of water and report to your teacher.可知如果把药品溅到了身体或者衣服上，要用大量的水冲洗，并且报告
8、老师。故选D。学科网35.【小题5】C是非判断题。根据Never smell or taste chemicals unless your teacher gives permission.可知没有老师的允许不可以闻或者尝药品，故选C。考点：科普类短文阅读。2.【2017年山东青岛】阅读理解 阅读下列短文，做出正误判断或选出最佳答案。Our skin is like a bag that we live in. Inside the bag our bodies are mostly water. Our water is like the water in the sea. It is ve
9、ry salty. Also, like the ocean, we can lose our water. The wind and the sun could take it away. Our bag of skin keeps our bodys ocean from drying up.Our skin keeps out sunshine. Too much sunshine can hurt us. Skin also keeps out dirt. Thats important because some kinds of dirt can make us sick. Our
10、skin feels things. It feels warm things, cold things, things it touches, and things that hurt it. A campfire feels warm. A snowball thrown in our face feels cold and hurts us. A hug is the touch of another persons skin on our own.Our hair is a special kind of covering. It helps us keep things out of
11、 our eyes, ears and nose. Hair is also good for keeping us warm. When we get goose bumps (鸡皮疙瘩), our body hairs stand up. Then the hairs hold air close to our skin like a thick blanket (毯子). Hair keeps animals warm, too.Some animals have more hair than others, so they have a better blanket for cold
12、weather.Our nails (指甲) are another special skin which are very hard. They help keep our fingers fromgetting hurt. Our nails arent as strong as the nails that animals have. But they are good for picking up coins.1. 【小题1】Our skin is like a bag full of salt.2. 【小题2】Our skin keeps out dirt and sunshine.
13、3. 【小题3】Our skin helps us feel things, touch or hurt others.4. 【小题4】Our hair helps protect our eyes, ears and nose.5. 【小题5】Our nails are weaker than the nails that animals have but can keep our fingers safe.【答案】16.【小题1】B17.【小题2】A18.【小题3】B19.【小题4】A20.【小题5】A【解析】18.【小题3】B细节理解题。根据Our skin feels things.
14、It feels warm things, cold things, things it touches, and things that hurt it.可知皮肤能感知疼痛但是不能伤害他人，故选B。19.【小题4】A细节理解题。根据It helps us keep things out of our eyes, ears and nose.可知毛发可以阻止东西进入我们的眼睛，耳朵和鼻子，故选A。20.【小题5】A细节理解题。根据They help keep our fingers from getting hurt. Our nails arent as strong as the nail
15、s that animals have.故选A。考点：科普类短文阅读。3.【2017年山东泰安】阅读理解You dont need to get in a time-travelling machine to see how technology will change our lives, such as the way we shop. Several new technologies that are to change your buying habits already appear. Lets see whats in store for your future shopping.
16、Try it on, virtually（虚拟地）. Want to shop online for a new pair of glasses? You dont need to guess which pair looks best on youuse the eBay Fashion iPhone app to try a pair of glasses youre checking out on a picture of your face. But what about buying something bigger? Thanks to Microsoft Kinects acti
17、on tracking（跟踪）camera, you can cover clothes on your screen body. You can even choose the background of your virtual fitting room to improve your shopping experience.Get a perfect, custom fit. Everyones body is shaped differently. To get a perfect fit, you sometimes have to get your clothes changed.
18、 But by using 3D scanning technology, all the clothes you buy will fit your body perfectly. Some companies scan（扫描）your body using High-tech to get the real sizes, so they can make special clothes just for you.学科+网High-tech shopping carts（推车）and checkout counters（收银台）. High-tech shopping carts could
19、 be common in malls and supermarkets in the future. Microsoft Kinect-enabled carts are under test. The cart can follow you along the aisles（通道）, controlled only by your movement and your voice.In the United States, several supermarkets use a certain set called “Scan It” that gives buyers the freedom
20、 to scan products on their own while they shop. If we dont want to wait in line before the checkout counters, we can use Toshibas new object Recognition Scanner. The machine identifies（辨认）a product as soon as its placed in front of a camera just by its shape and color, even if it has no bar code.57.
21、 【小题1】According to Paragraph 2, the eBay Fashion iPhone app can _.A. only make pictures of our faces B. help us sell more clothes onlineC. create us a virtual dressing room D. choose suitable glasses for us58. 【小题2】Which of the following can help get the correct shape of our body?A. Object Recogniti
22、on Scanner. B. The eBay Fashion iPhone app.C. 3D scanning technology. D. Microsoft Kinect-enabled carts. 59. 【小题3】What can we infer from this passage?A. Checkout counters will disappear from supermarkets in future.B. High-tech shopping carts will be widely used in malls and supermarketsC. “Scan It”
23、cannot be used by buyers themselves.D. The new technologies are only dreams that are impossible to come true.60. 【小题4】This passage mainly talks about _.A. a new time-travelling machine B. the influence of new technologyC. some inventions to change habits D. the ways for future shopping【答案】57.【小题1】D5
24、8.【小题2】C59.【小题3】B来源:学科网ZXXK60.【小题4】D【解析】59.【小题3】B推断理解题。根据High-tech shopping carts could be common in malls and supermarkets in the future. Microsoft Kinect-enabled carts are under test.可以推断将来高科技购物车在将来有可能在商场和超市使用，故选B。60.【小题4】D归纳理解题。根据作者通过选购方式，付款方式等为例详细介绍了未来在商店购物的方式。故选D。考点：科普类短文阅读。4.【2017年四川成都】阅读下面两篇短
25、文，根据短文内容选择正确答案。Animals grow up in different ways. Some newborn animals are helpless but their mothers protect them. A newborn kangaroo is very small. It is only a few centimeters long. It closes its eyes and doesnt have hair. It stays safe in its mothers pouch（育儿袋）for a long time.A newborn monkey ca
26、n not walk, Its mother carries it everywhere.Other baby animals can walk soon after theyre born. They learn to run with their mothers when danger is near. A bay zebra can run, an hour after it is born.Some baby animals are born in a place that is safe. Baby wolves are usually born in big holes with
27、little light. Other baby animals are born in the open.A baby elephant is often born on the open land.Animals that drink their mothers milk are called mammals. A mother bears milk is rich. Baby bears have milk for a few months. This is the same with baby zebras. As baby animals grow, they need solid（
28、固体的）food. Baby lions eat what their mother can catch!71. 【小题1】According to the passage, many newborn animals need their mothers help because the babies cant _.A. look after themselves B. eat any food C. walk by themselves72. 【小题2】A newborn monkeys mother carries it everywhere because _.A. it is very
29、 small B. it cant walk C. it closes its eyes73. 【小题3】Baby wolves are usually born in a(an) _ place.A. open B. bright C. safe74. 【小题4】Newborn mammals main food is _.A. mothers milk B. solid food C. smaller animals75. 【小题5】How many kinds of baby animals are mentioned in this passage?A. Six B. Seven C.
30、 Eight【答案】71. 【小题1】A72. 【小题2】B73. 【小题3】C74. 【小题4】A75. 【小题5】B【解析】73. 【小题3】细节理解题。根据Some baby animals are born in a place that is safe. Baby wolves are usually born in big holes with little light. 可知，狼一般出生在一个安全的地方。故选C。74. 【小题4】细节理解题。根据Animals that drink their mothers milk are called mammals.可知，哺乳动物出生后主
31、要喝妈妈的奶水。故选A。75. 【小题5】细节理解题。根据短文的内容提到了袋鼠、猴子、狼、大象、斑马、熊和狮子等七种动物。故选B。考点：科普类短文阅读。5.【2017年浙江金华】阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。Almost all animals need to sleep to stay healthy. But sleeping can also be dangerous because other animals may hurt those who are sleeping. This leads to many different ways o
32、f sleeping that help them stay safe. Some of these ways may surprise you!Almost all bats sleep upside down. They hang from a branch of a tree or the ceiling of a cave. Up high, bats are safe from most other animals. If they are in danger, they just fly away.A dolphin sleeps with just half its brain
33、at a time. It must stay awake to breathe and to watch for danger. Dolphin mothers and babies can go without sleep for as long as two months to stay safe.Some ducks sleep with just half their brains, too. These ducks often sleep in a line. The ducks at both ends help to keep the group safe. They keep
34、 one eye open to watch for danger. The ducks in the middle sleep deeply with both eyes closed.Seals breathe air, but that doesnt stop some of them from sleeping underwater. They hold their breath and dive deep to sleep for up to twenty minutes at a time. Sleeping deep underwater helps these seals st
35、ay safe from animals that hunt them near the surface.Horses often sleep standing up. Their legs lock in place so they dont fall over. If a horse is lying down, it needs a long time to get up. A horse can run from danger more quickly if it is already standing.A flamingo can sleep while standing on on
36、e leg. The standing leg locks so it stays straight. The other leg remains close to the flamingos body. Its head rests on its back. A flamingo lives (and sleeps) near many other birds to stay safe.Some seabirds can sleep while they fly. These large birds spend most of their lives over the ocean. They
37、 are in danger on the water, but they are safe in the air. They fly for many hours without flapping（拍打）their wings. Sometimes they sleep while they are flying.Would you like to sleep how they sleep?38. 【小题1】The animals that sleep with half their brains are _. A. ducks and seals B. dolphins and ducks
38、 C. bats and dolphins D. flamingos and seabirds39. 【小题2】Horses often stand up when they sleep because _.A. they can run from danger quickly B. they are afraid of falling overC. this helps them to sleep deeply D. it takes them a long time to go to sleep40. 【小题3】 The underlined word “hunt” in Paragrap
39、h 5 probably means _.A. offer to help B. come to teach C. refuse to protect D. want to kill41. 【小题4】Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. How animals sleep B. Sleep to stay healthy C. Sleep as animals do D. What sleeping animals are like【答案】38.【小题1】B39.【小题2】A40.【小题3】D41.【小题
40、4】A【解析】试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了动物为了避免在睡觉时受到伤害形成的不同的睡眠方式。作者介绍了海豚、蝙蝠、鸭子等动物特殊的睡眠方式。38.【小题1】B细节理解题。根据第三段A dolphin sleeps with just half its brain at a time.及第四段Some ducks sleep with just half their brains, too.故选B。39.【小题2】A细节理解题。根据第六段A horse can run from danger more quickly if it is already standing.可知马站立睡眠是为了能更快
41、的逃离危险，故选A。40.【小题3】D词义猜测题。根据Sleeping deep underwater helps these seals stay safe from animals that hunt them near the surface.睡在深水下能帮助海豹保持安全远离那些在水面捕猎的动物。that hunt them near the surface作animals的定语，而animals是海豹远离的对象，故可以推测hunt意思是D，故选D。41.【小题4】A标题归纳题。根据短文通过作者举例说明了动物为了避免在睡觉时受到伤害而形成的不同的睡眠方式。故选A。考点：科普类短文阅读。6
42、.【2017年浙江丽水】阅读理解。阅读下列材料, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项.Think of a simple objecta piece of chalk, for example. Are you remembering its name, its shape, its color or its size? Are you remembering what it is used for, or the sound it makes when the teacher writes on the blackboard? Scientists say that memor
43、y includes different parts of the brain, such as language and the ability of sense. They believe that you begin to create a memory when you notice something youre your senses. Then messages are sent to different brain cells, which join together to form connections. A new connection goes into your sh
44、ortterm memory. It is stored there for about 30 seconds, and then it is either lost or stored in your longterm memory.Having a good memory means making lots of connections and storing them in your longterm memory. To do this, you need to keep your brain in good shape. Eat plenty of brain food such a
45、s fish oil, fruit and vegetables. Laughter also makes your brain more active. Also, dont forget to exercise. So do some sports or just move around a lot in the house. Finally, get plenty of sleep. This will make your memories grow stronger.When you want to remember new information, you must pay spec
46、ial attention. Use your senses-sight, smell, hearing and touch-and keep repeating the information. To do well in your exams this year, turn off the TV, silence your mobile, and review your work regularly. To remember something special, use your imagination to create visual(视觉的) connections. For exam
47、ple, you need to take a pencil, an eraser, your ID card and chips to your next exam. Imagine the ID card as the body of an animal, the pencil its long neck, and the eraser its head. Your animal is hungry, so now imagine it eating a bag of chips. It may sound crazy, but its fun and it works. Another way is to do something different to your room. Turn a picture upside-down, or tie a sock around the door handle to remind(提醒)yourself of som