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1、The past perfect passive过去完成时被动语态过去完成时被动语态Module 3：What can you see from the following sentences?1. By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people had been killed.2. Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he had been buried in Texas.动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完成动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完成, 且谓语动词且谓语动词与发出这一动作的主语存在被动关系。句中常
2、与发出这一动作的主语存在被动关系。句中常用用by, before, until, when等词引导时间状语。等词引导时间状语。had been doneActivity 1: Fill in the blanks. They said that production costs _.(已经降低了已经降低了) The project _by the end of 2004.（已经完成）（已经完成） The classroom _before the teacher came in.（已经打扫了）（已经打扫了）构成：构成：had been reducedhad been completedhad
3、been cleaned1. 她告诉我们会议已经取消她告诉我们会议已经取消了。了。(cancel)2. 老师进来之前，教室还没打扫干净。老师进来之前，教室还没打扫干净。3. 到去年年底，一所新学校落成了。到去年年底，一所新学校落成了。 Activity 2: Translate the following sentences into English.She told us that the meeting had been canceled.The classroom had not been cleaned before the teacher came in.A new school h
4、ad been built by the end of last year.表格：被动态基本结构时态时态被动语态结构被动语态结构一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being doneshall/will be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been done表示状态特征的表示状态特征的连系动词连系动词+adj./
5、n.,用用主主动式表被动义动式表被动义。1) 表示状态特征的表示状态特征的连系动词连系动词+adj./n.,用用主动式表主动式表被动义被动义。 (look, sound, feel, smell, taste, prove, appear,make,.)The steel feels coldThe dog looks dangerous.2) 表示表示“开始、结束、运动开始、结束、运动”的动词的动词用主动式用主动式表被动义。表被动义。(begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,.)The shop opens at 6 am. every
6、 day表示主语的表示主语的属性特征的动词属性特征的动词+副词副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被用主动式表被动义动义3) 表示主语的表示主语的属性特征的动词属性特征的动词+副词副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义。用主动式表被动义。(read,write,set,sell,wash, clean, wear, open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink,.)The pen writes smoothlyThe cloth washes well.4) 作作“需要需要”讲的讲的want/need
7、/require后接后接动名词动名词作宾语时，用作宾语时，用主动式主动式表被动义；当然也可接表被动义；当然也可接不定不定式的被动式式的被动式作宾语作宾语。Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed5)不及物动词和一些不及物动词短语没有不及物动词和一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态。被动语态。 happen,succeed,become,last.take place,break out,belong to, consist of,.The accident which happened yesterday surprised me.Correcting mist
8、akeActivity 3:Correct the mistake(s) in each sentence.1)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?2)A fire was broken out last night3)Class is begun at 7:30 every day4)His plan is sounded good5)Your coat needs being washedCorrecting mistakeCorrect the mistake(s) in each sentence 1)How long do
9、 you think the meeting will be lasted?2)A fire was broken out last nightwill lastbroke out3)Class is begun at 7:30 every day4)His plan is sounded good5)Your coat needs being washedbeginssoundsto be washed / washing 考点诠释考点诠释 在高考中，时态语态一直是考查的在高考中，时态语态一直是考查的热点热点，也是广，也是广大考生复习备考的大考生复习备考的难点难点。在大纲中，要求考生具。在大
10、纲中，要求考生具备较强的语言应用能力，能在具体语境中恰当、备较强的语言应用能力，能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态。大部分吋态语态题答准确地使用某一特定时态。大部分吋态语态题答案的选择取决于案的选择取决于题干语境题干语境；但也有部分时态试题；但也有部分时态试题较易把握，其用法相对固定，常见于较易把握，其用法相对固定，常见于特定句式结特定句式结构构中；还有中；还有部分常见时态语态特殊用法部分常见时态语态特殊用法。Activity 4: 高考题点击高考题点击1. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completedB.
11、 completes C. has been completed D. is completed2. Books of this kind _ well. A. sellB. sells C. are soldD. is sold 说明说明：集邮册只能被完成，且邮票收集还未完成，故只能集邮册只能被完成，且邮票收集还未完成，故只能选选D。说明说明:sell 用作用作“销售情况如何销售情况如何”时时,为不及物动词，故没有为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。被动语态。类似的词还有：类似的词还有：wash, translate, write 等。等。DA3. A new cinema _ here. The
12、y hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built4. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designedD. would be designed说明说明：从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进行时态的被动语态的动词形式。在进行时态
13、的被动语态的动词形式。说明说明：by the end of 短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。时连用。DBExercises: 高考链接高考链接 1.（09安徽）安徽）Daniels family their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. A. are enjoying B. are to enjoy C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying【答案】【答案】D.本题关键点最后四个单词本题关键点最后四个单词”this time next week”是将来进行时的标志是将来进行时的
14、标志.高考链接高考链接2.(2011北京北京)Experiments of this kind_ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted【答案】【答案】D。【解析】考察时态和语态。主语和谓语构成动宾关【解析】考察时态和语态。主语和谓语构成动宾关系，谓语使用被动形式。题干中系，谓语使用被动形式。题干中the Second World War是过去的时间点，
15、是过去的时间点，before the Second World War是过去的过去，因此使用过去完成时。是过去的过去，因此使用过去完成时。高考链接 3.（09北京）北京）The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated【答案】【答案】B.【解析】考查时态和语态的用法。【解析】考查时态和语态的用法。The guests 与与treat之间是被动的关系，并且动作已经发之间
16、是被动的关系，并且动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。生，所以用一般过去时的被动形式。高考链接 4.（09北京）北京）When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we _ up, her voice had been full of life. A. were hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang 【答案】【答案】C. 【解析】考查时态。【解析】考查时态。By the time 后的从句中多用一后的从句中多用一般现在时和一般过去时。
17、根据该题的语境可以断定般现在时和一般过去时。根据该题的语境可以断定答案为答案为:C.高考链接 5.（09福建）福建）-Why does the Lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of water . A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted【答案】【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态，语态和主谓语一致。根据【解析】考查动词时态，语态和主谓语一致。根据前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在前一分句可知所填动词表示过去发
18、生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是被动关系，用被动语态。主语是动关系，用被动语态。主语是large quantities of water，其中心词是，其中心词是quantities，是复数，谓语动词用，是复数，谓语动词用复数，选复数，选D。高考链接 6. (09全国卷全国卷1) His sister left home in 1998, and _since. A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of D. has not hea
19、rd of 【答案】【答案】B 【解析】【解析】C、D是主动语态，是主动语态，hear of表示表示“听说听说”，后面应该有宾语。前句意思是后面应该有宾语。前句意思是“他妹妹他妹妹1998年离开的年离开的家家”，说明，说明1998年前有音信，由此可判断下句意思是年前有音信，由此可判断下句意思是“她妹妹从她妹妹从1998年到现在以来才没有音信的（被听说年到现在以来才没有音信的（被听说过）过）”，因此是现在完成时态。，因此是现在完成时态。高考链接高考链接 7. (09山东卷山东卷) The number of foreign students attending Chinese universit
20、ies _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 【答案】【答案】C 【解析】句意：到中国上大学的外国学生的数量自从【解析】句意：到中国上大学的外国学生的数量自从1990年以来逐年增加。本题考查主谓一致和时态，主年以来逐年增加。本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是是since 1990所以用完成时态。所以用完成时态。【考点定位】主谓一致一定要找准主语，动词时态要【考点定位】主谓一致一定要找准主语，动词时态要找到准确的时间状语。找到准确的时间状语。Exercise:红对勾课时作业红对勾课时作业12