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1、Confessions of a Miseducated Man Norman CousinsR einforcementT ext AnalysisConfessions of a Miseducated ManB ackgroundW arming upUnit 9Questions / ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesWarming upConfessions of a Miseducated ManUnit 9What is a confession? a formal statement that youve done sth.wrong or
2、 illegal; a private statement to a priest about the bad things youve done;Warming upQuestions / Activities miseducated & uneducated An uneducated person is one who has received no formal school education while a miseducated person is one who has received formal education but is educated in a wrong w
3、ay. Warming upQuestions / Activities Did you well predict the topic of the essay? Why or why not? What would you see as the biggest difference among human beings, language, religion, or political /ideological system? What is their most important similarity? Do you agree if some people say that globa
4、lization is the strategy of cultural differences?Warming upQuestions / Activities What does the author want to say in the essay? Can you pick out the sentence(s) you think best express(es) his idea? According to the author, what is the most important similarity among human beings? Do you agree with
5、him on that? What are those “superficial differences”? Is it true that there are more similarities than differences in human beings? Warming upQuestions / Activities What are the basic lessons of a new education? And what is the importance of such a new education? How would you relate the issue of t
6、his essay to that of Another School YearWhat For? and The Green Banana?Warming upQuestions / ActivitiesBackgroundCulture TipsAuthorGenreTimeConfessions of a Miseducated ManUnit 9Norman CousinsNorman Cousins1915-1990BackgroundAuthorSome of his life history possibly related to the essay Born in New Je
7、rsey, 1915 and deceased in 1990; Educated in and graduated from Columbia University Teachers College; Editor of Saturday Review for 35 yrs; Lifelong concerns including world peace, world governance, justice, human freedom, health, etc.; Proponent of world federalism and world government; Traveled ex
8、tensively in Europe and Asia and then published Who Speaks for Man? in 1953;BackgroundAuthorWhat is world federalism? World Federalism means having democratically accountable political institutions to deal with issues at the most appropriate level, according to the principle of subsidiary. Backgroun
9、dAuthorIn the book, Cousins expanded his arguments for world federalism and for a world no longer based on the supremacy of nationalism and other superficial differences as follows: “The new education must be less concerned with sophistication than compassion. It must recognize the hazards of tribal
10、ism. It must teach man the most difficult lesson of allto look at someone anywhere in the world and be able to see the image of himself. The old emphasis upon superficial differences that separate peoples must give way to education for citizenship in the human community. ” Cf. Para. 7BackgroundAutho
11、rAnd he continued, “With such an education and with such self-understanding, it is possible that some nation or people may come forward with the vital inspiration that men need no less than food. Leadership on this higher level does not require mountains of gold or thundering propaganda. It is conce
12、rned with human destiny. Human destiny is the issue. People will respond.”Cf. Para. 11BackgroundAuthorHe concluded the book with: “War is an invention of the human mind. The human mind can invent peace with justice.”BackgroundAuthorDetailedAnalysisStructureThemeUnit 9Text AnalysisConfessions of a Mi
13、seducated ManPart I (para.1)Part II (paras.2-6)Part III (paras.7-11)Introduction: What Im going to say in the article; Awareness of my education being inadequate for a new time and a new world in its focus on the differences among peoples while bypassing the similarities among them;A new type of edu
14、cation is therefore necessary, with which we can recognize the fact that human life is a rare occurrence, that all peoples belong to one single human species with common capacities, and are united with their common needs. With such vital understanding we can work together for the common welfare and
15、for the human destiny;Text AnalysisStructure What kind of test does the author suggest? What marks the differences between the world in 1850 and the world now? Why is “Asia and Africa” the best place to apply the test? What does the authors education teach him? Give examples. Why does he say that hi
16、s education “protected me against surprise”? What does the education fail to teach him? Do you agree with him? Detailed AnalysisPart II: Main IdeaText AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Main Idea What time doe it possibly refer to in “at a time” at the end of para.4? What is “the idea” i
17、n the first sentence of para.5? What are the things “I had to forget” in para.5 ? When was possibly “only a few years ago”? What does “an education in differences of references” possibly mean?In short, my education protected me against surprise. (para.3)Paraphrasing: In a word, the education I had h
18、ad taught me enough about the differences among people so that I wouldnt feel surprised at what I saw, no matter how different they might be. Detailed AnalysisText AnalysisPart II: Sentence ParaphraseBut what my education failed to do was to teach me that the principal significance of such differenc
19、es was that they were largely without significance. (para.4)Paraphrasing: The education I had did not teach me to see the fact that the main meaning of recognizing such differences was that they were not meaningful in a great measure (if compared with the meaning of understanding the similarities).T
20、ext AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Sentence ParaphraseMy education had by-passed the similarities. (para.4)Paraphrasing: The education I had had did not teach me/avoided dealing with the similarities among peoples. Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart II: Sentence ParaphraseIt was the mark of a rou
21、nded man to be well traveled(para.6)Paraphrasing: One sign/indication of a person who has had a well-rounded (not one-sided), complete education is that s/he has been to many places or countries Detailed AnalysisText AnalysisPart II: Sentence ParaphrasePart II: Words & expressions to put it to the t
22、est adequate, enough, sufficient a birds-eye view to protect sb.against sth. all but be at home to wipe out to build on to get through Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisFill in the following blanks with enough, sufficientand adequate. He was not tall _ to carry a rifle. We lacked_ funds to finish the pr
23、oject. I dont think she is _ as the team leader. enoughsufficientadequateKey Words and ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisNot that(para.3) Weve been happy together for half a centurynot that we never quarreled. I stopped and picked you upnot that I was not afraid. We will not include the chapt
24、er on constitutional law in this textbook. Not that it is irrelevant. Its just too difficult for the students to understand. 她没买那件外套，并不是不喜欢，而是觉得太贵了。 She did not buy the coatnot that she did not like it. She just felt that it was too expensive. Text AnalysisDetailed Analysisto protectagainst(para.3)t
25、o keep sb./sth. safe against / from Kids should be protected from all that violence. Its skin protects it against predators. Take these vitamins to protect against minor infections. 我们已做好了一切准备以防营地被偷袭。 Weve done all the preparations to protect the base against surprise attacks. Text AnalysisDetailed
26、Analysisall but(para.4)almost completely Their screams all but drowned out the music. I all but got attacked by the two timber wolves when Maheegun came to my rescue. 我们差一点儿就输掉了比赛。 We all but lost the game. Text AnalysisDetailed Analysisto wipe out(para.4)to destroy, remove, get rid of sth. Complete
27、ly Half the population was wiped out by plague. The heat has wiped me out. (informal, to make sb. feel extremely tired/exhausted)Compare: The price will wipe the smile off his face. In a few years this species could be wiped off the face of the earth. Text AnalysisDetailed Analysisto act on (para.5)
28、to do sth. because of the one making no distinctions of good and evil, acting on no principles She is acting on the advice of her lawyers. Police say they acted on information received. 他凡事都凭自愿。 He acted on his own initiative all the time.Text AnalysisDetailed Analysisto turn out (that) (para.5)to h
29、appen in a particular way to see if they had any decent wines in that country. As it turned out, they hadnt. I was a bit doubtful at first, but it turned out to be a really good idea. Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisWork in groups of four or five and work on the questions about para. 7, 8, 10, 11. Gro
30、up 1: para. 7 Group 2: para. 8 Group 3: para. 10 Group 4: para. 11Detailed AnalysisText AnalysisPart III: Main IdeaPara. 7 1.What is “the great compression” that “came overnight”?2.What can we get to know about the evolution of tribalism in intercultural communication in “tribalism had persisted fro
31、m earliest times, though it had taken refined forms”? What are those “refined forms”?3.Compared with the education mentioned in Para. 6, what can be expected from “an education in self-recognition”?Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Main IdeaPara. 8 1. What is the fact exactly in “we begin with
32、 the fact that universe itself does not hold life cheaply”?2. What sort of faculty or gift is “a creative intelligence”? What does it enable man to do in the authors view? Can you explain “to reflect and foresee, to take in past experience, and also to visualize future needs”?Text AnalysisDetailed A
33、nalysisPart III: Main IdeaPara. 10 1.How would you understand “Next in order would be instruction in the unity of human needs”?2.Why does the author say “However friendly the universe may be, it has left the conditions of human existence precariously balanced”? What are “the conditions of human exis
34、tence”?3.How can we use “self-understanding in the cause of human welfare”?4.What are “the engines we have created that threaten to alter the precarious balance on which life depends”? Can you give some examples? Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Main IdeaPara. 111. What does “some nation or p
35、eople” possibly refer to in the text?2. What sort of “leadership” is the author talking about? Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Main IdeaThe old emphasis upon superficial differences had to giveway to education for mutuality and for citizenship in thehuman community. (para.7)Paraphrasing: The
36、 traditional education with the emphasison the superficial differences between different peoples,different cultures, etc. should be replaced by a new type ofeducation focusing on mutual respect, mutual understanding,equality interdependence and how to be a citizen in thewhole human community. Text A
37、nalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Sentence ParaphraseLife is a rare occurrence amongthat occupy space.(para.8) Paraphrasing: (So far weve not yet found any sign of life inouter space.) Human life may well be the only life form inthe universe, so it is more than precious ( It thus impliesthat the res
38、pect for the only and precious life is the verybasis on which we build the future world community).Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III: Sentence Paraphrase all at once in liberation from to persist refined forms to give way to to take a form to take in to count notbut be capable of to respond to
39、to seek to do sth. to threaten to do sth. to alter the balance to concern to come forward thundering propaganda human destinyText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III : Words & Expressionsto give way to(para.7)to give its place to sth. better, to be replaced by The traditional extended family has now g
40、iven way to the nuclear family. Coal is dirty and will have to give way to gas or other cleaner energy. Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis to take in(para.8)to understand and remember I told Grandpa we were going away, but I dont think he took it in. 小孩子很难理解社会责任的全部意义。 It is hard for children to take in
41、the full meaning of social responsibility. Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis to respond to(para.9)to react to sth. that has been said or done Clive responded to my suggestion with a laugh. The US responded to the challenge by sending troops into Iraq. 至今还没有人对我们的抱怨作出回应。 No one has yet responded to our c
42、omplaints. Her cancer failed to respond to treatment. ( to improve as a result of a particular kind of treatment) Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis to concern (para.10)1. If sth. concerns you, it affects/involves you The price of water will concern many people. (not in passive)to make sb. feel worried/
43、upset; That Bess did not work to save for her old age really concerned Lottie. 2. If a story/book/report concerns sb./sth., it is about them This essay concerns (is about) how the author thinks of his education in the past years.Detailed AnalysisText AnalysisText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisRelated phr
44、asal verbs: Many people are concerning themselves with environmental problems. (becoming involved) Ross is never particularly concerned about what other people think of him. (worried) The officials seem to be far more concerned with getting selected than with making people feel satisfied with their
45、work. (meaning “believing sth is important”; Notice: this concerned with should never be used before a noun)to come forward (with/as/to do sth.)(para.11)to offer yourself for a job, election, etc. More women are coming forward as candidates than even before. 我们需要更多的志愿者提供帮助。 We need more volunteers t
46、o come forward to help. A girl has come forward with (offer help to sb. who needs or has asked for it) a description of the murderer.Text AnalysisDetailed Analysisto rise to the occasion/challengeto deal successfully with a difficult situation or problem（成功地）应对，得体地）应付e.g.1. We are calling on all our
47、 employees to rise to the occasion and become more efficient and productive.2. The team rose to the challenge and fought back to produce another goal.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisUnit 9ReinforcementConfessions of a Miseducated ManWork in groups and discuss the following questions:1. Is it true that there are more topics on similarities among people? Or just vice versa?2. What do you think is the proper attitude towards the differences and similarities among peoples? 3. Can you see any significance in proposing such an issue now?ReinforcementDiscussion