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1、译林牛津版高二英语必修五unit知识点及语法总结译林牛津版高二英语必修五unit1知识点及语法总结Welcometotheunit&ReadingI.重点单词1.betray.vt.1)出卖；背叛Hewouldratherdiethanbetrayhiscountrytotheenemy.2)显露；泄露Theexpressiononherfacebetraysheranger.2.pretend.vt/vi1)vt.假装，佯装,后接不定式和从句做宾语。Shepretendedtobereading.她假装在看书。2vi.假装Shewasntreallycrying,shewasonlypret
2、ending.3.admit.vt1)成认；供认admitdoingsth.成认做某事admittosb.向某人成认Headmittedhiscrime.2)许可进入，准许进入admitsb.to/into-接纳某人进入.;吸收某人参加.HeisadmittedtoNanjingUniversitythisyear.3)包容,容许Thecinemaadmitsabout2000people.4)admitof容许有;有.可能;容有.的余地Hisillnessadmitsofnodelay.4.swear.vt/vi发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂sweartosb./swearthat从句向某人承诺发誓s
3、wearswore-sworn5.focus.n/vt/vi1)n.焦点，注意力putfocuson集中注意力于.2)vi/vtfocuson集中注意力于.近义词组：concentrateonpayfullattentiontodevoteto6.guilty.adj有罪的1)beguiltyof“犯了罪Intheprocessofgainingourrightfulplace,wemustnotbeguiltyofwrongfuldeeds.2)befoundguilty被判决有罪Maggiecouldbesentencedtouptothreeyearsinprisionif(hewas)
4、foundguilty.7.remark.Vt/n评论makeremarksonsth=makecommentsonsth对作出评论8.apologize.vi道歉apologizetosb=makeanapologytosb向某人道歉9.sensitive.adj敏感的;体贴的besensitiveto对体贴，敏感10.blame.n/vt责备1)n.putblameonsb责备某人2)vt.blamesbforsth因某事责备某人blamesthonsb把某事归咎于某人Heblamedhisfaiureonhisteacher.sbbetoblame=sbshouldbeblamed主动形
5、式表被动Youaretoblame.你应该受责备。11.gifted.adj=talented有天赋的1)begiftedfor/as有天赋2)haveagiftfor有天赋II.重点词组1.begsbtodosth恳求某人做某事2.stareat凝视glareat怒视gazeat瞪眼看3.keeponesword守诺言breakonesword食言haveawordwith与交谈haveawordswith与吵架4.feellikedoing想要做某事soundlike听起来像5.gostraightto径直去6.spyon监视watchover看管7.keeppacewith与协调一致ke
6、epupwith跟上8.asaresultof由于becauseof=dueto=owingto由于asaresult结果resultin导致resultfrom源于，由于9.turninto转变成turnup出现，出席turnout结果是turnsbdown拒绝turnaround转身；逆转turnto转向10.aswellas和aswell也mayaswell不如不妨11.shoutat朝大喊(生气，愤怒)shoutto朝大喊指远处12.makesomecruelremarks咒骂某人，讲坏话13.eventhough即便14.cannothelpdoingsth禁不住做某事canthel
7、pbutdosth只好做某事canthelptodosth不能帮助做某事15.accusesbofsth指控某人某事inform.of告知approveof同意warnof警告III.重点句式1.Imusthavesoundedveryproudofmyselfafterthequiz,sayinghoweasyitwasandhowIwassuretogetagoodmark.page21“must+完成时表示对过去事情语气比拟肯定的揣测。对如今揣测，用mustbe.Theymusthavebeenlaughingbehindmyback.(page2他们在我背后一定是笑得合不拢嘴。“mus
8、t+完成时构造的反义疑问句，疑问部分应根据must后的动词形式采用相应的形式，可用have(has)，可以用did。但若句中出现了过去时间状语，则只能用did。Hemusthavereadit,hasnt/didnthe?他一定读过它，是吗?Hemusthaveleftyesterday,didnthe?他昨天一定走了，是吗?表示揣测的否认构造要用“cannot/cant,或者是can+其他具有否认意义的副词。例如：Youcantbetiredyouveonlybeenworkingforanhour.你不可能疲倦，你只工作了一小时。2.,sayinghoweasyitwasandhowIwa
9、ssuretogetagoodmark是非谓语动词doing做原因状语；howeasyitwasandhowIwassuretogetagoodmark是how引导的名词性从句做say的宾语。2.IthoughtthatHannahmusthavetoldeveryoneaboutmygradesafterpromisingmenotto.page21)musthavetold表示对过去揣测；2afterpromisingmenotto=aftershepromisednottotellanyone.a.after引导的状语从句，当从句的主语she与主句的主语Hannah一致时，从句的she能
10、够省略，同时从句的谓语动词promised要变成非谓语形式promising;b.promisingmenotto属于todo不定式省略动词do的情况，在某些动词后，如：promise,like,hope,want等，为避免与上一句todo中的动词重复，可省略to后的动词。3.IcannothelpwonderingifhewantsPetertobehisbestfriendinsteadofme.page31ifhewantsPetertobehisbestfriendinsteadofme为wonder的宾语从句2wondervt.(对).感到奇怪;想知道，不知道Iwonderif/wh
11、etheryou可用来客气地提出请求；wonder后可接其他连接词引导的宾语从句。例如：Iwonderifyoudgivemesomeadvice.Iwonderwhoheis,wherehecamefromandwhyhecame.wonder后可接“疑问词动词不定式作宾语：例如：Theywaitedandwonderedwhattodo.thereisnowonderthat从句：难怪.Thereisnowonderthatyouwerelateforschool,foryourbikebrokedown.4.Heaccusemeofsomebadthingsjusttohurtme.(p
12、age31)accusesbofsth=chargesbwithsth指控某人.2justtohurtme属于非谓语todo形式，在句中做目的状语，类似的词组还有：onlyto(表示出人意料的结果)，inorderto/soasto(表示目的)5.Ifso,theproblemlieswithyou,nother.page5(1)Ifso是个条件从句，so代替上文内容。not也有同样用法，构成省略句式：ifnot。又如：Shemaynotbefreetoday.她今天可能没空。Ifso,wellhavetoputthemeetingoff.假如是这样，这会就得延后了。Getupearlytom
13、orrow,ifnot(youdontgetupearly),youwillmissthefirstbus.明天你得早起，否则你不早起，你会错过首班车。(2)liewith“是的责任；取决于。例如：Thesolutiontotheproblemlieswithyou.解决该问题的办法落在你的肩上。7.Ihavenodoubthewillsucceed.page7doubt作名词常用句型havenodoubt意为“毫无疑义；毫无疑问，其中doubt是名词。例如：Iforonehavenodoubtthatheslying.Thereisnodoubtthat“毫无疑问,that从句是同位语从句。
14、例如：ThereisnodoubtthatMaryisqualifiedforthejob.no/without/beyonddoubt“无疑地；必定Thetruthofthereportisbeyondalldoubt.Hewaswithoutdoubttheveryworstkindofreporter.Thosewholeftwereattracted,nodoubt,byhigherpay.Task&ProjectI.重点单词1.acquaintance.n泛泛之交makeacquaintancewithsb结识某人2.anchor.n.锚；vt.扎根于beanchoredin=beb
15、asedon根植于3.attitude.n.看法，态度havepositiveattitudetowardssth/sb4.cautious.adj小心慎重的becautiousabout=becarefulaboutcaution.N小心5.eager.adj急迫的beeagertodo=bedyingfor=longfor=lookforwardtoeagerness.N6.respond.vi回应，回复respondto回复replyto回应reactto回应response.n回复inresponsetosth对做出回复7.mercy.n仁慈atthemercyof在的支配下:/doc
16、zj/doc/93a9caa578563c1ec5da50e2524de518964bd390.mitted.adj尽心尽力的becommittedtodoingsth=bedevotedtodoing=beabsorbedindoing=concentrateondoing=bebentondoing=beoccupiedindoing投入做某事commit.Vt致力于committodoingsth致力于做某事committosth致力于某事commitsuicide自杀commitcrime犯罪9.regardless.Adv不管，不顾regardlessof=indespiteof=d
17、espite+名词或名词性从句，意为“尽管regard.Vt看做regardas=thinkofas=lookonas=considerasII.重点词组1.getthrough接通；渡过geton/alongwith与相处getover克制getacross使明白2.beanchoredin根植于3.bebasedon以为基础sbbaseon某人把基于之上onthebasisof在的基础上4.regardlessof不管不顾5.endup结果endup+形容词/done/doing/介词短语，表结果是endin结果是intheend最后6.relyon依靠dependon依靠依靠7.than
18、ksto幸亏butfor=thanksto+名词表示与事实相反时，主句用虚拟语态，例如：Thankstoyourhelp,wewouldnothavefinishedthetask.8.getalongwith与相处getalongwithsb与某人相处getalongwithsth某事进展9.havedifferentattitudestowards对有不同的看法10.becautiousabout对小心慎重11.beeagerto急迫盼望.12.onthewaytosp在去的路上onthewaytodoing即将.inthisway如此一来intheway挡道，碍事13.haveaquar
19、relwith与某人争吵quarrelwithsb与某人争吵14.makeanapology道歉apologizetosb道歉15.inconclusion总结inaword总之inshort简言之inall总共inbrief简言之16.lookbackon回首lookthrough看穿；阅读lookdownupon小看，瞧不起lookupto敬仰lookinto调查III.重点句式1.Theyarestillsittingonthesofa,continuingthesameconversationonthesametopic.continuingthesameconversationont
20、hesametopic,在句中作伴随状语，主句主语they与continue是主谓关系，故用doing非谓语形式。2.Whenasked,theyusuallyhesitatebeforeresponding.此句完好形式为Whentheywereasked,theyusuallyhesitatebeforetheyrespond.属于状语从句的省略，当状从的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可省略，从句的谓语动词变为非谓语动词形式。3.Wehavetorealize:boysshareactivities,whilegirlssharefeelings.1while意为“然而，并列连词表比照
21、转折。2while还可意为“尽管，引导让步状语从句=though,例如：whiletheweatheristerrible,theystillarrivedhereontime4.Thequalitiesthatboysandgirlsconsiderimportantinafriendseemtobethesame,regardlessofthebasisofthesefriendship.1thatboysandgirlsconsiderimportantinafriend是定语从句，先行词是qualities;2seemtodo表示“似乎，好似，属于todo非谓语形式，其形式还有：see
22、mtobedoing(表进行时态)/seemtohavedone(表示过去已完成)3regardlessof表示尽管，做让步状语。5.Iendupreturningtothetrainstationandspendingtherestofthedayinthewaitingroom.endup+形容词/done/doing/介词短语，表结果是,例如：1Heendsupsuccessfulafteryearsofefforts.2Heendsupinprisonbecausehewaschargedwithrobbery.3Heendsupfinishingthetaskaheadoftime.
23、4Hiseffortsenduppaidoff.6.Friendshipmeansbeingcommittedtoothers.1)mean.vt.意谓,想要,预定vi.用意,有意义meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday,butIforgot.Hemeansthishouseforhisdaughter.习惯用语：bemeanttodo照道理，照规矩；应该，必须；得要；Hewasmeantfor/tobeadoctor.meansb.for准备让某人干某工作meanmuchtosb.对某人很重要;对某人很
24、可贵meanagreatdealmean.adj.低劣的,卑鄙的,普通的,吝啬的,简陋的,不舒适的Petersfatherwasverymean;henevergavePeteranynewclothes.2)becommittedtosb表示对某人很投入，真诚7.Thebestwaytohaveafriendistobeafriend.tohaveafriend系todo非谓语形式做后置定语；tobeafriend是todo非谓语形式做表语。Grammar:todo/doing一、动词不定式TheInfinitiveFormofVerbs动词不定式是非谓语动词形式之一，它不能充当谓语，但具有
25、谓语动词的主要特征，即时态和语态的变化；能够有本人的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语。不定式能够用来做主语、表语、定语、状语、宾语、独立成分，表示比拟详细的意义。1做主语动词不定式短语Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnoeasyjob.Toseethisfilmistowastetime.Tosolvethisproblemisoutofthequestion为平衡整个句子，避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，而将真正主语不定式放后面，用于这种形式是一些特定的构造。例如：1谓语部分是系表构造，表语是某些形容词或名词。例如：Itisfoolishtoactinthisway.Itso
26、undsreasonabletodoitthisway.Itappearslikelyforthemtoarrive.Itisagoodideatothinkthisway.2某些动词做谓语时。例如：Ittookmuchtimetodothis.Itmakesusexcitedtothinkaboutthat.Itneedshardworktofinishthejob.Itdoesnogoodtosaylikethat.(2)做表语表示打算、计划、命令和要求，有时可见用appear,seem,happen等做系动词，常做主语的名词有：wish,aim,duty,hope,idea,mistak
27、es,plan,purpose,suggestion.等抽象名词，可以以是what引导的主语从句。例如：Suchquestionsaretobeavoided.Whathesaidprovedtobetrue.Heseemstobeill.(3)做定语做定语时不定式一般紧跟其所修饰名词或代词后面。例如：Hekeptonsayingreallymeanthingtohurtme.Hewasthefirstonetocomethismorning.Hedidnthavethechancetogotoschoolinthepast.假如不定式是不及物动词时，应注意其相应介词的搭配。例如：Hehasn
28、othingtoworryabout.Sheisaverynicepersontoworkwith.Therewasonlyasmallcoldroomtoliveinatthattime.(4)作状语不定式作状语能够表示目的、原因和结果。表目的常用inorderto,soasto,so+形容词/副词+asto，such+名词+asto等构造但soasto只能放在主句之后。Checkyourhomeworksoastoavoidmistakes.Shegoeshome(inorder)toseehergrandmothereveryweek.表结果常用onlytodo,enoughtodo,t
29、ootodo等句型，不定式短语作结果状语具有“意料之外之意。Heistooexcitedtospeakanything.I?hurried?to?his?house,?only?to?find?him?out.原因She?seemed?surprised?to?see?us.He?issorryforwhathedid?to?think?of?his?past.不定式作条件状语时谓语动词通常含有will,?shall,?should,?would,?can,?must等。You?will?do?better?to?get?her?support.You?must?get?up?early?no
30、t?to?miss?the?train.不定式作方式状语时，通常采用as?if?或?as?though?+?to?的构造，其意为“好似要。He?raised?his?hand?as?if?to?hit?me.She?took?out?a?pen?and?a?piece?of?paper?as?though?to?write?something.(5)做宾语某些及物动词要用动词不定式作宾语,下面及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语：agree,?ask,?attempt,?begin,?care,?choose,?continue,decide,?desire,?determine,?expect,fo
31、rget,hate,hope,intend,?learn,?like,?love,?manage,?mean,?offer,?prefer,pretend,promise,?refuse,?start,?try,want,undertake,?wish等。例如：IwanttotellyouaboutZhaoJie.(page7)We?agreed?to?meet?here?but?so?far?she?hasnt?turned?up?yet.Mary?begged?to?go?with?us.动词不定式作宾语时，如其后有补足语，则能够用先行语it作形式宾语，而将真正宾语动词不定式后移，用于该形
32、式的常见动词有：believe,consider,declare,feel,guess,imagine,judge,know,make,prove,realize,report,see,show,suppose,think,understand,find等。例如：I?felt?it?useless?for?us?to?say?anything?further.I?made?it?a?rule?to?get?up?early,?take?a?cold?bath,?and?then?do?some?running.I?consider?it?better?not?to?go.(6)做宾语补足语带t
33、o的不定式做宾补有相当数量的及物动词或短语能够接带to的不定式做宾补。例如：I?shall?try?to?persuade?her?to?see?the?doctor.The?villagers?didnt?allow?them?to?do?this.I?will?ask?them?to?leave?the?company.Ishallpersuadehimtotakethemedicine.Hecalledonhisfriendstohelphim.不带to的不定式做宾补也有一些及物动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补，常见的有使役动词类：make,let,have；感官动词类：see,watch
34、,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel等。但在被动构造中要带to(let除外)。例如：Someone?saw?him?enter?my?room.He?was?seen?to?enter?my?room.Theboymadethebabylaughbymakingafaceathim.Thebabywasmadetolaughbymakingafaceathim.(7)“疑问词+不定式相当于这些疑问代词和副词引导的名词性从句。常见引导该形式的动词有：decide,findout,forget,inquire,know,learn,reme
35、mber,see,settle,think,understand,wonder等，在句子中能够做主语、宾语或表语。例如：Whattodonexthasnotbeendecided.=Whatwilldonexthasnotbeendecided.Whatworriesmemostishowtodoit.=Whatworriesmemostishowwewilldoit.Idontknowwhentoleave.=Idontknowwhenwewillleave.Itisnotyetdecidedwhethertodiscussthis.=Itisnotyetdecidedwhetherwewi
36、lldiscussthis.(8)不定式的省略动词不定式中再次出现与前面一样的动词只留下不定式符号to,省略其他以避免重复。例如：IthoughtthatHannahmusthavedeliberatelytoldeveryoneaboutmymarkafterpromisingnotto(telleveryoneaboutmymark).Wewonttellanyoneaboutyourcallunlessyouwantusto(tellanyoneaboutyourcall).Will?you?join?us?I?should?love?to?(join?you).?The?boy?wan
37、ted?to?ride?his?bicycle?in?the?street?but?his?mother?told?him?not?to(ridehisbicycleinthestreet).(9)不定式的主动形式表被动意义不定式作定语时，若其逻辑主语是句子主语或宾语时，则能够用主动式表示被动。theimportantthingtorememberisthatbothofthemarefriendships.(page18)但有时既可用主动形式可以用被动形式，意思不太一样。比拟：Haveyouanythingtosend?(tosend的执行者是“你。)Haveyouanythingtobes
38、ent?(tobesent的动作执行者是“别人。)形容词easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，nice，dangerous，comfortable，exciting,funny,heavy,important,good,interesting等后面接不定式作状语时，常用主动形式表被动意义,可用it做形式主语的句型替换。Thisbookiseasytoread.=Itiseasytoreadthebook.这本书很容易读。Wefoundthemandifficulttodealwith.=Itisdifficultforustodealwiththema
39、n.我发现这个人很难对付。在tooto中,不定式的主动式能够表示被动意义。Theplaneistoofarawaytosee.(10)动词不定式的复合构造不定式的复合构造“for?sb.todosth.可充当多种句子成分。一般情况下，不定式动作的执行者就是句子的主语。有时不定式的动作执行者不是句子的主语，此时不定式forsb.来充当不定式todosth.的逻辑主语。例如：I?dont?think?it?advisable?for?him?to?learn?medicine.(宾语)This?is?for?you?to?decide.(表语)She?waved?the?red?flag?for?
40、the?car?to?stop.(状语)The?article?is?too?difficult?for?a?child?of?ten?to?understand.(状语)The?order?for?them?to?climb?the?mountain?was?given.(定语)For?a?child?to?learn?everything?is?impossible.(主语)不定式的复合构造做主语时，常见用两种特定句型:“Itis+adj.for?/ofsb.todosth.和“Itis+n.of?sb.todosth。1)在“Itisfor/ofsb.todosth.句型中，forsb.
41、和ofsb.有区别。forsb.前应是表事物性质的形容词如easy,important,necessary,possible等，sb和这些形容词逻辑主谓关系不能成立。而ofsb.前应是表性格特征的形容词如good,kind,nice,brave,clever,careless,foolish,silly,stupid等，其逻辑主谓关系能够成立。例：Itiseasyforustounderstandthesentence.Weareeasy逻辑主谓关系不能成立故用介词for。Itiscleverofyoutodothat.Youareclever逻辑主谓关系能够成立故用介词of。Itisrigh
42、t/wrongfor/ofyoutodothat.形容词right,wrong后接forsb和ofsb都对。2)“Itis+n.of?sb.todosth句型中常见名词多是抽象名词如pleasure,?pity,?mistake,?honor等，不定式的复合构造其实对抽象名词做了细节讲明。例如：Itisagreatmistakeforthemtoagreewithyou.Itisamatterofhonorforustokeepourstandardsashighaspossible.Itisagreatpleasureformetolivewithyou.(11)不定式的时态和语态动词不定式
43、有不同的时态。动名词是一种非谓语形式，起名词的作用，但带有动词的特征，能够有本人的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。2.动名词的用法 (1)做主语动名词做主语表示比拟抽象、习惯性和经常性的意义，在传统语法上和不定式做主语表详细意义有区别,随着语言不断进步,这种区别正在逐步消失。例如：Movingtoanewtownorareacanbeatryingtime.(page12)Sayingiseasierthandoing.Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.为平衡整个句子，避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，而将真正主语不定式放后面，用于这种形式是一些特定的构造。例如：1)谓语部
44、分是系表构造，表语是某些形容词。例如：Itsinterestingplanningaholiday.Itsrathertiringwalkingaroundinacity.2)当use，good，waste，bore，fun，shame，encouragement，等名词作表语时，通常用it作形式主语，把作为真正主语的动名词后置。例如：Itsnousetalkingtohimagain.=Thereisnousetalkingtohimagain.Itsnogoodrefusingtodoit.=Thereisnogoodrefusingtodoit.Itisawasteoftimetryin
45、gtoreasonwithhim.Itsfunhavingguestsfortheweekend.Itssuchanencouragementbeingabletopassalltheexams.在“Therebeno+主语这种构造中，通常用动名词做主语，而不用不定式。这种构造表示“不可能、无法，相当于“Itisimpossibletodosth。例如：Thereisnogettingalongwithhim.=Itisimpossibletogetalongwithhim.(2)作宾语某些动词或短语动词后面能够接动名词,见下表：表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。例如：Whatdoyout
46、hinktheproverbstellusaboutfriendshipandgettingalongwithothers?(page1)Ifyoucanbuyapersonsfriendship,itsnotworthhaving.(page1)IwassoupsetthatIfeltlikecrying.(page2)Itseemsyouneedtoapologizequicklytoavoidlosingagoodfriend.(page5)有些动词如remember,forget,regret等或明确表示时间先后的介词on;upon，after等，用动名词的一般式代替动名词完成式，表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。例如：Irememberseeinghimbefore.Iregretsellingthehouse.OnarrivingBeijing,hewenttoseehisfriend.Afterstandinginthequeueforhours,wegotgoodseats.有些后面可跟动名词