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1、2012年国家开发银行招聘考试笔试A卷及答案解析第一部分 英语能力测试（限时60分钟）一、单项选择题（每题1分，共20题）1.BythetimeyougettoNewYork,I_forLondon.A)wouldbeleavingB)amleavingC)havealreadyleftD)shallhaveleft2.Thearticlesuggeststhatwhenaperson_underunusualstressheshouldbeespeciallycarefultohaveawell-balanceddiet.A)isB)wereC)beD)was3.Thelawyeradvis
2、edhimtodropthe_,sincehestandslittlechancetowin.A)eventB)incidentC)caseD)affair4.Sometimeschildrenhavetrouble_factfromfictionandmaybelievethatsuchthingsactuallyexist.A)toseparateB)separatingC)forseparatingD)ofseparating5.Heisquitesurethatits_impossibleforhimtofulfillthetaskwithintwodays.A)absolutelyB
3、)exclusivelyC)fullyD)roughly6.Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich_thetraffic.A)setbackB)stoodbackC)heldupD)keptdown7.Manyadelegatewasinfavorofhisproposalthataspecialcommittee_toinvestigatetheincident.A)weresetupB)wassetupC)besetupD)setup8.IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay_rolesinrai
4、singchildren.A)incapableB)indispensableC)insensibleD)infinite9.Eyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunication_.A)tragedyB)vacuumC)questionD)barrier10.Therewassuchalonglineattheexhibition_wehadtowaitforabouthalfanhour.A)asB)thatC)soD)hence11.Thereisno_tothehousefromthemainroad.A)acce
5、ssB)avenueC)exposureD)edge12._energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,anearthquake.A)AccumulatedB)GatheredC)AssembledD)Collected13.Hewasntappointedchairmanofthecommittee,_notverypopularwithallitsmembers.A)tobeconsideredB)consideringC)beingconsideredD)havingconsidered14.Thetwen
6、tiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandculturalA)traditionB)transportationC)transmissionD)transformation15.The_stuckontheenvelopesaysByAir.A)diagramB)labelC)signalD)mark16.Mobiletelecommunications_isexpectedtodoubleinShanghaithisyearasaresultofacontractsignedbetweenthetwocom
7、panies.A)capacityB)potentialC)possessionD)impact17.Reading_thelines,IwouldsaythattheGovernmentaremoreworriedthantheywilladmit.A)behindB)betweenC)alongD)among18.Mybrothersplansarevery_;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.A)arbitraryB)aggressiveC)ambitiousD)abundant19.Thingsmighth
8、avebeenmuchworseifthemother_onherrighttokeepthebaby.A)hasbeeninsistingB)hadinsistedC)wouldinsistD)insisted20.Thestatisticalfiguresinthatreportarenot_.Youshouldnotrefertothem.A)accurateB)fixedC)delicateD)rigid1. Dby引导时间状语时，句子一般用完成时态，这里by短语所引导的是将来的时间，因此应该用将来完成时，所以答案为D。 2A 本题中所填谓语动词是宾语从句中时间状语从句中的谓语动词，不
9、受前面动词的限制，该用什么时态的就用什么时态。从句表示一般将来，因此应该用一般现在，答案A。 3C 本题为话题同现题，从lawyer的使用可以判断这里所表达的是案件，所以答案为C。 4B 本题为搭配题，表示做某事有困难，一般用have trouble in doing something, in可以省略，所以答案为B。 5A 本题为搭配同现题，一般表示完全不可能，绝对不可能用absolutely impossible。 6C 本题表示由于道路中间有个大洞，交通受到阻碍。set back表示使受挫折， stand back表示向后站， hold up表示阻挡，拦截， keep down表示镇压，
10、保留。根据本题的意思，应该填hold up, 表示交通受阻。 7C 本题是对虚拟语气的考查，在表示命令，建议，要求的名词性从句中要用should 加原形动词，should可以省略，所以答案为C。 8Bincapable表示无能， insensible表示无知觉，麻木， indispensable表示必不可少， infinite表示无限的。本题表示父母在育儿方面是必不可少的，所以答案 B。 9D 本题为话题同现。不正确的眼睛交流有可能造成交流上的障碍。Tragedy 意为悲剧，question意为问题， vacuum意为真空， barrier意为障碍物，所以答案为barrier。 10B 本题为
11、句型搭配，such that表示如此以致于。 11A 本题为搭配题。可以与介词to连用的有access 和exposure，但是exposure意为暴露，揭发，与题意不符。本题表示没有通往房间的道路，能表达这一概念的是access。 12. A accumulate意为积累，有逐步，逐渐的含义， assemble意为集合， gather意为聚集， collect为收集。地球下面的能量是一天天慢慢积攒的，所以答案为accumulate。 13. C 本题考查的是非谓语动词作状语。非谓语动词做状语时，主要是依据非谓语动词与句子主语之间的关系，如果是动宾关系，则用过去分词，本句中consider与句
12、子主语之间是动宾关系，因此答案为C。 14D tradition意为传统， transmission表示疾病或媒体方面的传播， transportation意为交通， transformation表示转变，本题表示20世纪发生了世界性的政治、经济和文化方面的转变，所以答案为transformation。 15B 本题为上下词复现，贴在信封上的就是label。 16C 本题表示今年上海手机的拥有量会翻一番。Capacity表示容量， potential为潜能， possession表示拥有，占有 ，impact表示冲击，所以答案为possession。 17. B 本题为固定短语，read be
13、tween the lines表示能理解文章的深层含义。 18C 16岁以前想掌握英语、法语和西班牙语，可见是雄心勃勃，能表达此含义的是ambitious, arbitrary意为武断的， aggressive表示侵略性的， abundant表示丰富的，充裕的，都与题意不符。 19B 本题为虚拟语气，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，应该用过去完成时，答案为B。 20A 本题为修饰同现题。用来说明数据的应该是accurate。其他fixed 表示固定的，二、完形填空题（每题1.5分，共20题） There is probably no sphere of human 【B1】 in which o
14、ur values and lifestyles are reflected more 【B2】 than they are in the clothes that we choose to wear. The dress of an individual is a kind of sign language that 【B3】 a complex set of information and is usually the 【B4】 on which immediate impressions are formed 【B5】 . a concern for clothes was 【B6】 a
15、 feminine preoccupation, while men took pride 【B7】 the fact 【B8】 they were completely lacking in clothes consciousness. This type of American culture is gradually changing as mans dress 【B9】 greater variety and color. Even 【B10】 1995, a research in Michigan revealed that men 【B11】 high importance to
16、 the value of clothing in daily life. White collar workers in particular viewed dress as a 【B12】 capable of manipulation, that could be used to impress or 【B13】 others, especially in the work situation. The white-collar worker was described as 【B14】 concerned about the impression his clothing made o
17、n his 【B15】 . Although blue-collar workers were less 【B16】 that they might be judged on the basis of their clothing, they recognized that any difference fro the 【B17】 pattern of dress would draw ridicule from fellow workers. Since that time, of course, the 【B18】 have changed: the typical office work
18、er may now be 【B19】 blue shirt, and the laborer a white shirt; but the importance of dress has not 【B20】 .1. A actB actionC actingD activity答案:D 语义干扰题。选项中A)act意为“行为”，侧重指短暂的、个人的行为；B)action意为“行动”；C)acting意为“演技”；D)activity意为“活动”，空白处所填单词与human搭配，表示人类活动，因此D为正确答案。2. A vividlyB cleanlyC perfectlyD deeply答案
19、:A语义干扰题。选项A)vividly意为“鲜明地，生动地”，B)cleanly意为“干净地”，C)perfectly意为“十足地，完全地”，D)deeply意为“深刻地”，空白处所填副词修饰are reflected(反映)，A的含义最为恰当，因此正确答案为A。3. A correspondsB communicatesC exchangesD transforms答案:B语义干扰题。本句意为：一个人的服饰是一种特殊的“符号语言”，它传达了一系列复杂的信息。选项中A)corresponds经常与to搭配，意为“相应，呼应”，不合句意；B)communicates意为“传达”，符合句意；C)e
20、xchanges意为“交换”，D)transforms意为“改变，交换”，都不合句意，因此本题的正确答案为B。4. A basesB baseC rootD basis答案:D固定搭配题。句中on the basis构成固定搭配，意为“在此基础上”，句中的which引导的定语从句修饰basis，介词on提前，on the base也能构成搭配，但base意为“基地”，不合句意，因此D为正确答案。5. A TraditionallyB EvidentlyC OriginallyD Certainly答案:A语义干扰题。选项中A)Traditionally意为“传统上讲”；B)Evidently意
21、为“明显地，显然地”；C)Originally意为“原来地”；D)Certainly意为“当然”，对服饰的关注被认为是女性的行为是传统的观念，因此A为正确答案。6. A regardedB consideredC viewedD guessed答案:B语义干扰题。选项中A)regarded，B)considered和C)viewed都有“被看作，被认为”的意思，但A)和C)的宾补应由as引出，而B)的可以由as引出，也可以省略，因此本题正确答案为B。D)guessed意为“猜测”，不符合句意。7. A onB ofC inD to答案:C固定搭配题。句中take pride in构成固定搭配，
22、意为“以为骄傲”，因此本题的正确答案为C。8. A becauseB whichC thatD in that答案:C结构辨析题。本句考查同位语从句的应用，同位语从句由that引导。句子意为“而男人却以完全不在乎衣服为自豪”，因此正确答案为C。9. A takes onB takes inC takes forD takes to答案:A语义辨析题。本题考查由take组成的短语的辨析。take on意为“呈现出”，take in意为“欺骗”，take for意为“认为，以为”，take to doing something意为“开始从事于”，根据上下文可知A为正确答案。10. A as lat
23、e asB no sooner thanC as early asD long before答案:C语义干扰题。选项中A)as late as意为“和一样晚”，不符合句意；B)no sooner than意为“一就”，后面接从句，不符合句子结构；C)as early as意为“和一样早，早在”，符合句意；D)long before意为“以前，之前”，也不合句意，因此正确答案为C。11. A thoughtB putC linkedD attached答案:D固定搭配题。句中attach importance to something构成固定搭配，意为“重视”，所以本题的正确答案为D。12. A
24、 signalB symbolC signatureD significance答案:B语义干扰题。选项中A)signal意为“信号”；B)symbol意为“象征”；C)signature意为“签名，署名”；D)significance意为“重要性”，本句的意思是把衣服看作一种象征，因此B为正确答案。13. A influenceB conquerC reflectD defeat答案:A语义干扰题。选项中A)influence意为“影响”，B)conquer意为“征服，占领”，C)reflect意为“反映”，D)defeat意为“大败，击败”，本句是说可以给人留下印象或对别人产生影响，所以正
25、确答案为A。14. A mostlyB normallyC rarelyD extremely答案:D语义干扰题。空白处所填单词与concerned搭配，选项中A)mostly意为“主要地，大部分”；B)normally意为“通常来讲”；C)rarely意为“很少地，罕有”；D)extremely意为“极端地，非常”，比较可知extremely与concerned搭配意思最为准确，意为“十分在意”，因此正确答案为D。15. A officeB positionC superiorsD employment答案:C语义干扰题。本句意为“白领工人被描述为十分在意自己服饰给上司的印象”。选项中A)o
26、ffice意为“办公室”；B)position意为“位置”；C)superiors意为“上司”；D)employment意为“雇用，利用”，因此正确答案为C。16. A caredB interestedC awareD realized答案:C固定搭配题。句中be aware that构成固定搭配，意为“意识到”，空白处应填人形容词，而cared和realized均为动词，interested后面接介词in，所以本题的正确答案为C。17. A acceptedB ancientC rejectedD admitted答案:A语义干扰题。本句意为“他们认为任何与被认可的服饰风格不同的穿着都将会
27、遭到同伴们的嘲笑”，选项A)accepted意为“接受的，公认的”，符合句意；B)ancient意为“旧的，古代的”，不合句意；C)rejected意为“被决绝的”，不合句意；D)admitted意为“接受的”，通常指所接受的人，所以本题的正确答案为A。18. A impressionsB patternsC differencesD fellow workers答案:B语篇理解题。本题考查对语篇的理解。根据上下文可知，改变的是服饰的风格，因此应选B)patterns。19. A putting onB trying onC wearingD dressing答案:C语义干扰题。选项中的四个单
28、词都有穿的意思，但侧重点不同，A)putting on意为“穿上”，强调穿的动作；B)trying on意为“试穿”；C)wearing意为“穿着”。表示穿的状态；D)dressing意为“给穿衣”，根据上下文可知C为正确答案。20. A abolishingB increasedC dismissedD diminished答案:D语义干扰题。本句意为“但是服饰的重要性仍然存在”，选项中A)abolishing意为“废止，废除”，经常用于指法律，所以不合句意；B)increased意为“增加，增长”，不合句意；C)dismissed意为“解散，开除”，也不合句意；D)diminished意为
29、“减弱，降低”，符合句意。为正确答案。三、阅读理解题（每题2.5分，共20题）1、The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise， market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. P
30、rivate businessmen， striving to make profits， produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen； and the profit motive， operating under competitive pressures， largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus， in the American economic system it is the demand of
31、individual consumers，coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes， that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which
32、 consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy， this mechanism is provided by a price system， a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply re
33、lative to the demand， the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If， on the other hand， producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost， this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers， which in turn will lower the price and permit mo
34、re consumers to buy the product. Thus， price is the regulating mechanism in the America economic system. The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individual are allowed to own productive resources （private property）， and they are permitted to hire labor， gain control over natural
35、 resources， and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy， the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights， including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another p
36、rivate individual. 1.In Para. 1，“ the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means _. A.Americans never feel satisfied with their incomes. B.Americans tend to overstate the amount of their incomes. C.Americans want to have their incomes increased. D.Americans want to increase the purchasin
37、g power of their incomes. 2.The first two sentences in the second paragraph clarity the idea to us that _. A.producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production. B.consumers can express their demands through producers. C.producers decide the prices of products. D.supply and demand regulate
38、prices. 3.The word “embraces” in Para. 3 probably parallels _. A.enfold B.hug C.comprehend D.support 4.According to the passage， a private-enterprise economy is characterized by _. A.private property and rights concerned. B.manpower and natural resources control. C.ownership of productive resources
39、D.free contracts and prices. 5.The passage is mainly talking about _. A.how American goods are produced. B.how American consumers buy their goods. C.how American economic system works. D.how American businessman make their profits答案：DDCAC 2、There are various ways in which individual economic units c
40、an interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system， the administered system， and the traditional system. In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic unit
41、s or sell commodities to them. In a market， transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy， real goods such as automobiles， shoes， and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously， finding somebody who wants to trade my old car in exchange for a sailboat may not alw
42、ays be an easy task. Hence， the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy， goods and services are bought or sold for money. An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agenc
43、y will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced， exchanged， and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan， drawn up by the government， shows the amounts of each commodity produced by t
44、he various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production， consumption， and exchange for the whole economy. In a traditional society， production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition； every persons place within the econ
45、omic system is fixed by parentage， religion， and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition， too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons， provide them with food and shelter， care for their health， and provide for their education. Clearly， in a system where every decision is made on the basis of tradition alone， progress may be