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1、2012 年国家开发银行招聘考试笔试年国家开发银行招聘考试笔试 B 卷真题及答案解析卷真题及答案解析第一部分第一部分 英语能力测试（限时英语能力测试（限时 60 分钟）分钟）一、单项选择题（每题 1 分，共 20 题）1.This ticket _ you to a free boat tour on the lake.A) entitles B) appointsC) grantsD) credits2.This is the nurse who _ to me when I was ill in hospital.A) accompaniedB) attendedC) entertaine
2、dD) shielded3.I was about to _ a match when I remembered Toms warning.A) rubB) hitC) scrapeD) strike4.The advertisement says this material doesnt _ in the wash, but it has.A) contract B) shrinkC) slim D) dissolve5.He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he _ us that he would try
3、ashard as possible.A) insuredB) guaranteedC) assumedD) assured6.Not only the professionals but also the amateurs will _ from the new training facilities.A) deriveB) acquireC) benefitD) reward7.The work was almost complete when we received orders to _ no further with it.A) progress B) proceedC) march
4、D) promote8.I waited for him half an hour, but he never _.A) turned inB) turned downC) turned offD) turned up9.A house with a dangerous gas _ can be broken into immediately.A) leak B) splitC) mess D) crack10. A dark suit is _ to a light one for evening wear.A) favourableB) suitableC) preferableD) pr
5、oper11. It was in the United States that I made the _ of professor Jones.A) acknowledgementB) acquaintanceC) recognitionD) association12. Could you take a _ sheet of paper and write your name at the top?A) bare B) vacantC) hollowD) blank13. A culture in which the citizens share similar religious bel
6、iefs and values is more likely tohave laws that represent the wishes of its people than is a culture where citizens come from _backgrounds.A) extensiveB) influentialC) diverseD) identical14. Areas where students have particular difficulty have been treated _ particular care.A) byB) inC) underD) with
7、15. He gave a _ to handle the affairs in a friendly manner.A) pledgeB) missionC) plungeD) motion16. Dont let the child play with scissors _ he cuts himself.A) in caseB) so thatC) now that D) only if17. _ the danger from enemy action, people had to cope with a severe shortage of food, clothing,fuel,
8、and almost everything.A) As far asB) As long asC) As well asD) As soon as18. Many people lost their jobs during the business _.A) desperationB) decreaseC) despairD) depression19. Whenever a big company _ a small one, the product almost always gets worse.A) gets on with B) cuts downC) takes overD) pu
9、ts up with20. Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was _.A) matureB) deliberateC) meaningfulD) innocent1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.二、完形填空题（每题 1.5 分，共 20 题）In most countries, the law on organ transplantation(器官移植) is poorly defined. The existing framework 【B1】
10、tophysical assault and care of the dead has no 【B2】 for organ transplantation. It is 【B3】 to get the permission ofthe relatives, 【B4】 because organ 【B5】 must take place immediately after death, it may be impossible to reachthe relatives 【B6】 time. It has been suggested that there should be a widespr
11、ead campaign to encourage personsto 【B7】 in their wills that their organs be used for transplantation. An 【B8】 is to provide by law that permissionis 【B9】 unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime. It is, of course, important that there【B10】 public reassurance that consider
12、ation of transplantation would not 【B11】 normal resuscitative(抢救的)efforts of the 【B12】 donor. Transplantation has obviously 【B13】 important ethical considerations 【B14】 thediagnosis of death. Every effort must be made to 【B15】 the heartbeat to someone who has a sudden cardiacarrest(心博停止) or【B16】to s
13、omeone who cannot breathe.【B17】artificial respiration and massage of the heart,the standard methods of resuscitation, must be continued 【B18】 it is clear that the brain is dead. Most physiciansconsider that 【B19】 this point efforts at resuscitation are 【B20】 .1.A relatingB associatedC associatingD r
14、elated答案:A 语义干扰题。选项中 A)relating+to 意为“与有关的” ；B)associated 意为“与相联系的” ，后面接 with；C)associating 通上；D)related+to 意为“与有联系的” ，其中 A 表达的意思最为准确。为正确答案。2.A descriptionB provisionC ruleD statement答案:B 语义干扰题。选项中 A)description 意为“描写，记述” ；B)provision 意为“条款，规定” ；C)rule 意为“规则，准则” ；D)statement 意为“声明，陈述” 。本句的意思是“在现有的关于
15、人生攻击和看护死者的法律框架中并没有关于器官移植的规定” ，B 表达的意思最为准确，是正确答案。3.A impossibleB vitalC ritualD customary答案:D 语义干扰题。本句的意思是“进行器官移植要取得亲属的同意” ，选项中 A)impossible 意为“不可能” 。用在句中不恰当；B)vital 意为“生死攸关的” ，此词的色彩过重；C)ritual 意为“仪礼的” ，用在句中也不合适；D)customary 意为“习惯的，惯例的” ，符合句意，为答案。4.A andB orC butD then答案:C 语篇理解题。本题考查句子间的逻辑关系。上文中说到“进行器
16、官移植一般的作法是要取得亲属的同意” ，而下文叙述的是器官移植要立即进行，可能来不及通知家属，显然上下文之间是转折关系，因此本题正确答案为 but。5.A replacementB transplantationC removalD burial答案:C 语义干扰题。根据上下文可知，空白处所填单词与 organ(器官)表达的意思是器官切除、移除选项中A)replacement“复位。代替” ，不合题意；B)transplantation 意为“移植” ，也不合题意；C)removal 意为“移除，切除” ，符合题意；D)burial 意为“埋葬” ，不合题意，所以正确答案为 C。6.A atB
17、 inC onD within答案:B 固定搭配题。句中 in time 构成固定搭配。意为“及时” 。句子的意思是“可能不能及时联系到家属” ，选项中 on time 也构成固定搭配，但意思是按时，不合句意，因此正确答案为 B。7.A sayB provideC supplyD mention答案:B 语义干扰题。根据上下文可知本句要表达的意思是“鼓励病人在遗嘱中说明自己的器官用于移植” ，选项中 A)say 意为“说” 。泛指说话；B)provide 意为“供应，提供” ，此外还有规定的意思，在指遗嘱这种具有法律效力的文件时比较合适；C)supply 意为“补给，提供” ；D)mentio
18、n 意为“提到，说起” ，由此可见 B 表达的意思最为准确，为正确答案。8.A alterationB operationC optionD alternative答案:D 语义干扰题。选项中 A)alteration 意为“变更，改造” ；B)operation 意为“行动，实施，手术” ；C)option意为“选择” ，强调选择的权利；D)alternative 意为“可供选的方法” ，强调所选的事物，本句表达意思是“也可由法律规定没经特殊说明就认定为可以进行器官移植” ，因此 D 为正确答案。9.A gainedB acquiredC assumedD got答案:C 语义干扰题。选项中
19、 A)gained 意为“得到” ，指经过自己的劳动努力而得到；B)acquired 意为“获得” ，指后天通过自己的努力得到； C)assumed 意为 “没有确凿的证据就假定为正确的或真实的” ； D)got 意为 “得到” ，根据上下文可知 C 为正确答案。10.A isB beC areD would be答案:B 语法知识题。本题考查虚拟语气的用法，在 it is important that 的从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词应用should+do 的形式，而 should 可以省略由此可知本题的正确答案为 be。11.A impairB repairC harmD hurt答案:A
20、语义干扰题。选项中 A)impair 意为“削弱” ；B)repair 意为“修理修补” ；C)harm 意为“伤害，损害” ；D)hurt 意为“伤害，危害” ，本句表达的意思是“考虑器官移植不能影响到对器官捐献者的正常抢救” ，由此可知 A)impair 的意思比较准确，是正确答案。12.A futureB tomorrowC potentialD possible答案:C 语义干扰题。 空白处所填单词修饰 donor(捐献者)， A)future 意为 “将来的” ； B)tomorrow 意为 “明天的” ，引申为“将来的” ；C)potential 意为“潜在的，可能的” ，强调潜力
21、；D)possible 意为“可能的” ，强调可能性。比较可知 C 更为准确，是正确答案。13.A roseB arousedC aroseD raised答案:D 语义干扰题。分析句子结构可知空白处所填单词为及物动词，与 important ethical considerations(重要的道德考虑)搭配，A)rose 常作不及物动词，不合本句结构；B)aroused 为及物动词，意为“唤醒，唤起” ，不合句意；C)arose 为不及物动词，意为“引起，源自” ；D)raised 为及物动词，意为“提出，引起” ，符合题意和句子结构，为正确答案。14.A concerningB conce
22、rnedC relatingD associating答案:A 语义干扰题。本句的意思是“器官移植明显地引起了关于死亡诊断的道德思考” ，空白处所填单词的意思是关于，选项 A)concerning 意为“关于” ，符合句意；B)concerned 意为“关心的” ，C)relating 意为“与有关” ，后接 to；D)associating 为“与相关联” ，因此正确答案为 A。15.A giveB restoreC lendD help答案:B 语义干扰题。从上下文可以判断，本句的意思是“必须尽一切努力恢复心搏停止的人的心脏跳动” ，空白处所填单词表达的意思是恢复，选项中 A)give 意
23、为“给” ，B)restore 意为“恢复” ；C)lend 意为“借给” ，D)help 意为“帮助” ，所以正确答案为 B。16.A breathB respiringC breathingD air答案:C 语义干扰题。选项 A)breath 意为“呼吸，气息” ，强调状态；B)respiring 是 respire 呼吸的现在分词；C)breathing 意为“呼吸” ，强调动作；D)air 意为“空气” ，本句的意思是“要尽力恢复那些停止呼吸人的呼吸” 。强调的是动作，因此正确答案为 C。17.A In contrastB In additionC ConsequentlyD How
24、ever答案:B 语篇理解题。本题考查上下文之间的逻辑关系。上文中提到要尽一切努力恢复病人的心跳和呼吸，下文中叙述了人工呼吸、按摩心脏等标准的抢救方法应该一直进行，直到确定病人的脑死亡，显然上下文之间是补充关系，选项 A)In contrast 表示对比关系；B)In addition 表示补充关系；C)Consequently 表示因果关系；D)However 表示转折关系，因此正确答案为 B。18.A thatB untilC whenD since答案:B 结构辨析题。本句的意思是“抢救措施应一直进行，直到确定病人脑死亡” ，所以正确答案为 B)until表示直到的意思。19.A onB
25、 inC atD beyond答案:D 语法知识题。本题考查介词的运用。本句的意思是多数外科医生认为人脑死亡后所有的抢救措施就都没用了，选项中只有 D)beyond 表示超过那一点，也就是脑死亡之后，所以 D 是正确答案。20.A promisingB profitableC uselessD worthy答案:C 语义干扰题。 本句意思是多数外科医生认为人脑死亡后所有的抢救措施就都没用了， 选项中 A)promising意为“有希望的” ；B)profitable 意为“有利可图的” ；C)useless 意为“无用的” ；D)worthy 意为“值得的” ，所以 C 为正确答案。三、阅读理
26、解题（每题 2.5 分，共 20 题）1、The Colonel ask Ashenden a good many questions and then suggested that he had particularqualifications for the Secret Service. Ashenden knew several European languages and the fact thathe was a writer provided excellent cover: on the pretext that he was writing a book he could,
27、withoutattracting attention, visit any neutral country.It was while they were discussing this point that the Colonel said,You know you might get materialthat would be very useful to you in your work. Ill tell you an incident that occurred only recently.Very dramatic. A foreign government minister we
28、nt down to a Mediterranean resort to fecover froma cold and he had some very important documents with him that he kept in a despatchcase.A day or two after he arrived, he picked up a blonde at some restaurant or other, and he gotvery friendly with her. He took her back to his hotel, and when he came
29、 to himself in the morningthe lady and the despatch-case had disappeared. They had one or two drinks up in his room and histheory is that when his back was turned the woman slipped a drug in his glass.Do you mean to say that happened the other day?said Ashenden wearily.The week before last.Impossibl
30、e,cried Ashenden. Why, weve been putting that incident on the stage for sixty years,weve written it in a thousand novels. Do you mean to say that life has only just caught up withus?Well, I can vouch for the truth of the story. said the Colonel, And believe me, the governmentconcerned has been put t
31、o no end of trouble by the loss of the documents.Well sir, if you cant do better than that in the Secret Service, sighed Ashenden, that Imafraid that as a source of inspiration to the writer of fiction, its washout.1.How did the Colonel suggest that Ashendens being a writer would relate to his work
32、as a spy?a.It would make travelling abroad more possible.b.It would make it easier for him to meet people.c.It would enable him to avoid arousing suspicion.d.It would enable him to use the languages he knew.2.The reason for the Ministers trip was _ .a.to fetch some documentsb.to get over an illnessc
33、.to meet a spyd.to deliver some papers3.According to the Colonel the incident happened _ .a.a few days beforeb.a few weeks beforec.two weeks befored.sixty years before4.Ashenden cried Impossible after hearing the Colonels story because he thought _ .a.it could not possibly happenb.it was too embarra
34、ssingc.it was too close to fictiond.it was too recent5.The effect of the loss of documents on the foreign government was that _ .a.it put an end to one source of troubleb.it caused them a lot of inconveniencec.they merely denied it had happenedd.they refused to believe it【答案】 ：cbccd2、Culture shock o
35、ccurs as result of total immersion in a new culture.It happens to people whohave been suddenly transplanted abroad.Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak thelanguage,know the customs,or understand peoples behavior in daily life.The visitor finds that yesmay not always mean yes,that frien
36、dliness does not necessarily mean friendship,or that statementsthat appear to be serious are really intended as jokes.The foreigner may be unsure as to when toshake hands,when to start conversations,or how to approach a stranger.The notion of culture shockhelps explain feelings of bewilderment and d
37、isorientation.Language problems do not account for allthe frustrations that people feel.When one is deprived of everything that was once familiar,suchas understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes,or knowinghow to make friends,difficulties in coping whth the
38、 new society may arise.when an individual enters a strange culture,he or she is like fish out of water.Newcomersfeel at times that they do not belong to and feel alienated from the native members of the culture.Whenthis happens visitors may want to reject everything about the new environment and may
39、 glorify andexaggerate the positive aspects of their own culture.Conversely visitors may scorn their nativecountry by rejecting its values and instead choosing to identify with(if only temporatily)the valueof the new country.This may occur as an attempt to over-identify with the new culture in order
40、 tobe accepted by the people in it.1.The expression he or she is like fish out of watersuggests _.a.people away from their cultures can hardly survive in a new cultureb.a fish can not survive without waterc.people away from their culture experience mental isolationd.people away from their culture ha
41、ve difficulties in new environment2.In order to identify with the new environment,some people may _.a.give an exaggerated picture of their own countryb.criticize the positive aspects of their own countyc.abandon their original beliefsd.accept a temporary set of values3.Which of the following stateme
42、nts is true according to the author?a.Perplexity results in culture shock.b.A typical symptom of cultur shock is confusion.c.Culture shock is the explanation of anxiety.d.Culture shock happens to foreign students only.4.Newcomer may worry about _.a.their ignorance of the alien customsb.their knowled
43、ge of Yes in the native languagec.their understanding of friendshipd.their control of their behavior5.When the foreign visitor is immersed in new problems he finds hard to cope whith,he is most likelyto feel _.a.uninsuredb.deprivedc.alienatedd.baffled【答案】 ：cbbac3、The orange towers of the Golden Gate
44、 Bridge-probably the most beautiful,certainly the mostphotographed bridge in the world-are visible from almost every point of elevation in San Francisco.The only crack in Northern Californias 600-mile continental wall,for years this mile-wide straitwas considered unbridgeable. As much an architectur
45、al as an engineering feat, the Golden Gate tookonly 52 months to design and build, and was opened in 1937. Designed by Joseph Strauss, it was thefirst really massive suspension bridge,with a span of 4,200ft, and until 1959 ranked as the worldslongest. It connects the city at its northwesterly point
46、on the peninsula to Marin County and NorthernCalifornia, rendering the hitherto essential ferry crossing redundant, and was designed to withstandwinds of up to a hundred miles an hour and to swing as much as 27 ft. Handsome on a clear day, thebridge takes on an eerie(神秘的) quality when the thick whit
47、e fogs pour in and hide it almostcompletely.You can either drive or walk across. The drive is the more thrilling of the two options as yourace under the bridges towers, but the half-hour walk across it really gives you time to take inits enormous size and absorb the views of the city behind you and
48、the headlands of Northern Californiastraight ahead. Pause at the midway point and consider the seven or so suicides a month who choosethis spot,260 ft up, as their jumping-off spot. Monitors of such events speculate that victims alwaysface the city before they leap.In 1995, when the suicide toll fro
49、m the bridge had reached almost1,000,police kept the figures quiet to avoid a rush of would-be suicides going for the dubiousdistinction of being the thousandth person to leap.Perhaps the best loved symbol of San Francisco, in 1987 the Golden Gate proved an auspiciousplace(风水宝地) for a sunrise party
50、when crowds gathered to celebrate its fiftieth anniversary.Some quarter of a million people turned up (a third of the citys entire population); the windswere strong and huge numbers caused the bridge to buckle(使弯曲), but fortunately not to break.1. What is TURE of the Golden Gate Bridge?A. It is cert