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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上 薄冰初中英语语法之 日常交际用语主 编 薄 冰 执行主编 秦桂枝 王 璐 孙晓芳山西教育出版社2014年第四版出 版 人 雷俊林 出版策划 苗补坤责任编辑 仇小燕ISBN 978-7-5440-5629-8 语法学习交流微平台 纸介图书京东旗舰店 纸介图书天猫旗舰店 百度阅读手持媒体免费读丨学英语，凭什么让我学语法吗？不时听到一些青年问道：学英语一定要学语法吗？语法应该怎么学呢？我们就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。对中国学生来说，尤其是成年人，我看是学点语法好。语法，顾名思义，乃是语言的法则和规律。学习语法，尤其是一些基本法则，至少有下列几个好处：第一可以使你学得
2、快些，因为已有现成的前人总结的法则，用不着你从头摸索。第二可以使你学得透些，因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然，而且可以知其所以然。第三可以使你学得准些，因为语法法则就是一条条准绳，可以用以衡量一句话是否正确。第四语法不但可以引你入门，更可以引你入胜，使你逐渐眼界开阔，语感加深，从而使你的英语水平不断提高。丨那么应该如何学习语法呢？我认为在学习语法过程中，应该注意下面几点：第一基本概念最重要。在学习每个语法项目时，一定要把它的基本概念搞清，牢记在心。第二要大量地实践，大量地练习。实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面，练习要着重说和写。第三学习语法时，应多用比较法。如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的
3、单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较，效果就比较好。 第四要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。碰到习惯用法，就不必钻牛角尖，进行徒劳的分析。而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。第五将一本语法书通读一遍，当然也不无好处。但最好将它作为工具书，像词典一样地经常查阅，始能学得比较细致牢靠。第六实用英语语法只应是入门的向导，像一根拐棍一样。英语达到一定水平之后，就应将它扔掉。起码不要让许多语法条条充斥头脑，影响你说和写的流利性。最后可能还会有人说，语法应该学，就是太枯燥。我的感觉是：开头有点枯燥，过些时候，就会像嚼橄榄似的，越学越有味了。如若不信，请试试看。 薄冰初中英语语法之日常交际用语目 录9 电话交际
4、用语9 请求允许用语9 劝告、建议用语9 邀请用语9 感谢用语9 提供帮助用语9 祝愿、祝贺用语9 谈论天气用语9 单元练习Unit 19 日常交际用语 交际用语在日常生活中运用较为频繁，同时也是近年来中考试题考查内容的重点，侧重考查在具体语言环境中正确使用交际用语以及英语文化背景知识。191 电话交际用语(1) 请某人给某人打电话。Would / Could / Can you ring up.? 请你给打电话好吗？ring up 意思是“给某人打电话”。 此外还可用 call，call up，telephone 等代替。Can you .? 表示征求询问对方意见。 Could / Woul
5、d you .? 多用于正式场合，语气委婉，更为礼貌。(2) 电话拨不通时。如：The line is busy. I cant get through. 电话占线（线路忙），我打不通。Ill try again later. 我过一会儿再打。(3) 电话拨通后相互打招呼。如：Hello! This is.speaking. Is that.? 你好，我是，你是吗？Yes, this is.speaking. / Yes, its.here. 是的，我是？Who is that speaking / calling? 您是哪位？(4) 打电话请对方找人或留言。如：Can / May / Cou
6、ld I speak to., please? 请接电话好吗？Will / Would you give a message to., please? 请给捎个口信好吗？Would you tell him my telephone number, please? 请你把我的电话号码告诉他好吗？Can / Could you ask.to ring me back, please? 请让给我回个电话好吗？(5) 帮对方找人或留言时。如：One moment，please. 请等一等。Im sorry. .is not in now. 对不起，现在不在。Can I take a message?
7、 我能给你捎个口信吗？Ill ask him to call you back. 我叫他给你回电话。192 请求允许用语Can I / Could I / May I.? 我可不可以？这是请求对方允许做某事的最普通的交际用语，其中Could I.? 语气最为婉转；May I.? 常用在比较正式的场合；Can I.?用得最广泛。(1) 对于所提出的请求表示允许或同意时。如：Of course, you may. 当然可以。Go ahead, please. 请吧。(2) 对于所提出的请求表示不允许或不同意时。如：No, please dont. 请不要。Im sorry, but. . 对不起，
8、但是Youd better not. . 你最好别Do you mind if I.? 如果我，你反对 / 介意吗？ 该句用来表示请求许可，其中，if从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时。(1) 应答时，如果表示“允许，不介意”时。如：No, I dont mind. 我不介意。Certainly not. / Of course not. 当然不介意。No, go ahead. 不介意，你干吧。(2) 应答时，如果表示“不允许，介意”时。如：Im sorry you cant. . 很抱歉，你不能Im afraid its not allowed. 恐怕这是不允许的。I wonder if I co
9、uld / can.? 我想知道我能否？该句也是用来表示请求许可的交际用语。(1) 应答时，如果表示“允许”时。如：Sure, go ahead. / Yes, please do. 可以，请吧。Of course. / Certainly. 当然可以。(2) 应答时，如果表示“不允许”时。如：Im afraid not. 恐怕不行。No, please dont. 请不要Youd better not. . 你最好别Could you get to the park before 3 oclock?_. Im still at the meeting then. A. I think soB
10、. Yes，I couldC. Im afraid notD. Im afraid so【答案选C】 译文：三点以前你能到达公园吗？恐怕不行，那个时候我还在开会。193 劝告、建议用语(1) Youd better(not)do sth. 你最好（不要）做某事。You should do sth. 你应该做某事。You need(to)do sth. 你需要做某事。 (2) Why dont you do sth.? 你为什么不?Why not do sth.? 为什么不（这是以反问的方式提出劝告或建议，含有建议对方去干某事的意思，而不是询问对方为何不去干某事。）(3) What / How
11、about + 名词或动名词？该句型属于比较随意的建议，有征求对方意见的意思。多数情况下是建议对方与自己一起做某事。(4) Shall we.?该句型用于建议对方与自己一起做某事。可与Lets .?句型互换。(5) 用suggest作谓语的陈述句：这种句子用在比较正式的建议中，在会议上和讨论中使用较多，也常用于书面形式，后面常跟名词、动名词或that从句作宾语。注意跟从句时，从句中的动词用“should+动词原形”（should可以省略）。(6) 用Lets 开头的祈使句：这是最普通的表达建议的方法。建议对方和自己一起做某事。Lets后接动词原形。句尾可加上shall we?或OK?等用于征求
12、对方观点的词语，从而使语气更加委婉。注意(1) 对对方的建议表示同意时的常用答语为： Great! 太好了！ Thats a good idea. 真是个好主意。(2) 对对方的建议表示不同意或根本不能满足对方的要求而表示歉意时常用答语为： Im afraid that. 我担心/ 恐怕 Im afraid not. 恐怕不行。(7) 用should，ought to等情态动词来表示“劝告”。如：You should do as she says. 你应当照她说的去做。You ought to be prepared for something unpleasant.你应对发生不愉快的事有点思
13、想准备。Bob, its getting cold._take a jacket with you?All right, Daddy.A. Why notB. What about C. Would you like D. Youd better【答案选A】译文：鲍勃，天气变冷了，为什么不带件夹克呢？好吧，爸爸。194 邀请用语(1) 用于一般疑问句形式。如：Will you come to take part in my party? 你来参加我的聚会好吗？Would you like to go there with him? 你愿意与他一起去那儿吗？Yes, Id like(love)t
14、o. 好的，我愿意。或 Yes, its very kind / nice of you to invite me. 好的，谢谢你邀请我。(2) 用陈述句形式。如：Id like to invite you to see a film with me. 我想请你和我一起看电影。Id like(love)to, but Im very busy. 我很想去，但我很忙。或 Its very kind of you to invite me，but Im busy. 谢谢你邀请我，但我很忙。Would you like to drink some juice?Thanks._, but I have
15、 drunk a lot of tea.A. Id love to B. I think so C. Im afraid not D. I dont think so【答案选A】译文：你愿意和我去喝点果汁吗？谢谢，我很乐意去，但是我已经喝了很多茶了。195 感谢用语(1) 感谢别人。如：Thanks a lot. 多谢。Thank you very much indeed. 真的很感谢你。Thanks a million. 万分感谢。I dont know how to thank you. 真不知该怎样感谢你。Im really grateful to you. 非常感谢你。Thats mo
16、st kind of you. 你心眼儿真好。(2) 当别人没有能力给予帮助时，我们仍要表示感谢。如： Thank you just the same. 同样感谢你的好意。Thank you all the same. 同样得感谢你。 You are welcome. 不客气。It is my pleasure. 我很乐意。No trouble at all. 一点也不麻烦。I am glad I could do it. 我很高兴能这么做。I am delighted to have been able to do that for you. 能为你效劳我很高兴。Congratulation
17、s to you on passing the math exam._.A. Youre welcomeB. Never mind C. Dont mention it D. Thanks a lot【答案选D】译文：祝贺你通过了数学考试。谢谢。196 提供帮助用语提供帮助Can / Could / Shall I help you (with that)? 我可以帮你吗？Can / Could / Shall I do.for you? 我可以帮你干吗？What can I do for you? 我能为你做什么吗？Would you like some / any help? 你要不要什么
18、帮助？Would you like me to do something for you? 你要不要什么帮助？ Is there anything(else)I can do(for you)? 还有什么（别的事）我可以（为你）效劳吗？ Let me do . for you. 让我来帮你干吧。应答(1) 如果需要帮助。如：Thanks. Thats very kind / nice / good of you. 谢谢，那太好了。(2) 如果谢绝帮助。如：No, thanks. I can manage it myself. 谢谢，我自己可以对付。No, thank you, but I ca
19、n do it myself. 谢谢，我能行。Thats all right. Thank you. 没什么，谢谢。No，I can do it，but thank you all the same. 我可以干，谢谢。197 祝愿、祝贺用语(1) 当别人取得成功时。如：Congratulations!祝贺你！(2) 当别人外出旅行时。如：Good luck with your trip!祝你旅途平安！Have a good time here. 祝你玩得开心，过得愉快！Have a good trip / journey.=I wish you have a good trip / journ
20、ey.祝你旅途愉快。 / 祝你一路顺风。Good trip to you. / Nice journey to you. 祝你旅途愉快。(3) 当某人生日时。如：Happy birthday to you!祝你生日快乐！Thank you!谢谢！(4) 当某人即将做某事时。如：I will take the exams tomorrow. 明天我要考试！Good luck to you!/ I wish you success!祝你顺利！ / 祝你成功！对上述祝愿（贺）的回答可用：Thanks / Thank you / Thanks a lot. 谢谢。Its kind of you to
21、say so. 谢谢你这么说。(5) 在公共节日里。如：Happy New Year!祝你新年愉快！Happy New Year to you, too. / Thanks. The same to you!也祝你新年愉快！ / 谢谢！你也一样！198 谈论天气用语询问天气有两种方式：What is the weather like today? = How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样？Whats the weather going to be like? 天气将怎样？这两个句型同样用来询问天气情况。前者询问当天的天气，后者询问未来的天气。在like后加表示将来
22、的时间状语，如tomorrow，the day after tomorrow等。应答时可说：Its fine / warm / cold / hot.或Its going to be fine / warm / cold / hot.Morning! _, isnt it?Yes, but a bit cold. A. Hot weather B. Cold weatherC. Bad dayD. Nice day【答案选D】译文：早上好，多好的天气呀，不是吗？是的，但有点冷。 199 单元练习选择最佳答案填空。(1) Hello, Id like to speak to Mike, plea
23、se. _. A. Mike speakingB. Im MikeC. This is ID. Im Mike speaking(2) May I speak to Lin Tao, please?_. A. Im Lin Tao B. Speaking C. This is him speaking D. Yes，Im Lin Tao speaking(3) Your handwriting(书写) is very good._. A. No, my handwriting is bad B. No, isn t it C. Thank you_D. Of course not(4) Tha
24、nk you very much for giving me so much help._. A. No，thanksB. Good bye C. Not at allD. Never mind(5) Merry Christmas and Happy New Year to you!_! A. ReallyB. To luckyC. So am ID. The same to you(6) Ill go fishing this weekend._A. Can you fish? B. Have a good time! C. No, I am too busy. D. Dont give
25、up now.(7) Im afraid Ive got a bad cold._.A. Never mind_B. Keep away from meC. Better go and see a doctorD. You need take medicine (8) Can I do anything for you?_. A. You are very nice B. Thats all rightC. Thank you help D. Thats very kind of you(9) Help yourself to some fish._! A. Thats good B. Tha
26、nk you C. All right D. Yes, I will(10) Will you go shopping with me this afternoon?_.A. Certainly, Ill be sorryB. No, Ill be very busyC. Yes, Ill be very glad D. Certainly, Ill be glad to(11) I usually go to bed late at night. And you?_.A. So I doB. So do IC. So am ID. So I am(12) Im terribly sorry
27、to step on your foot._.A. Dont say thatB. Never mindC. Youre welcomeD. Thats right(13) If you want to go out of a cinema, which sign should you follow?Its_.A. EXITB. ENTRANCEC. NO PARKINGD. NO SMOKING(14) Could you get to the park before 3 oclock?_. Im still at the meeting then.A. I think soB. Yes,
28、I couldC. Im afraid notD. Im afraid so(15) Excuse me, could you help me carry the heavy box?_.A. Yes, I couldB. It doesnt matterC. With pleasureD. Dont mention it(16) Would your sister go to Hainan this summer?If I dont go,_.A. neither will sheB. neither does sheC. so will sheD. so does she(17) When
29、 shall I phone, in the morning or afternoon?_. Ill be in all day.A. NoneB. NeitherC. EitherD. Any(18) _today!Yes. Shall we have a picnic in the open air?A. What fine weather isB. How fine weather it isC. What a fine weather it isD. How fine the weather is(19) Is_ready for the journey?No. We havent g
30、ot a camera.A. everythingB. somethingC. nothingD. anything(20) Can you make sure_?Sorry, I cant. But I did see her just now.A. where did she goB. where she had goneC. where she has goneD. where will she go(21) Dont step on the grass next time, Mike._A. Is that so?B. Dont worry. C. I dont know.D. Sor
31、ry, I wont.(22) Where can you see this noticeEVERYTHING HALF-PRICE?_.A. In a bankB. In a schoolC. In a theatreD. In a shop(23) Ive lost my new necklace._.A. Im sorryB. What a pity!C. Glad to hear thatD. Thats nothing.(24) What does your English teacher look like?_.A. She likes readingB. Shes tall an
32、d thinC. Shes thirtyD. Shes very good(25) I like apples._.A. Me tooB. My brother isC. Dont do that(26) Must I finish reading the book today?No. You_if you have something else to do.A. mustntB. couldntC. cantD. dont have to(27) You are a great surfer, Todd._.A. Are you sure?B. Youre so kind. Its easy
33、 really.C. No, I know nothing about itD. Well, I dont know much about it but I enjoy surfing(28) Hurry up! Its time to leave.OK, _.A. Im comingB. Ill comeC. Ive comeD. I come(29) Sorry, mummy. I cant tie my shoes.Dont worry, dear._.A. I want to help youB. Ill help youC. Id like to help youD. I wish
34、to help you(30) Id like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith._.A. Oh, no. Lets not B. Id rather stay at homeC. Im very sorry, but I have other plansD. Oh, no. Thatll be too much trouble【参考答案】(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) C (5) D (6) B (7) C (8) D (9) B (10) D(11) B (12) B (13) A (14) C (15) C (16) A (17) C (18) D (19) A (20) C (21) D (22) D (23) B (24) B (25) A (26) D (27) D (28) A (29) B (30) C专心-专注-专业