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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上中国的货币不仅历史悠久而且种类繁多，形成了独特的货币文化。中国最早的货币是海贝，大概出现在夏代。到了春秋时期(the Spring Autumn Period)，由于各个地区社会条件和文化的差异,人们使用不同的货币。秦朝的建立统一了中国混乱的货币系统，人们开始使用铜钱(copper coins)。北宋时期，世界上最早的纸币交子(Jiaozi)出现了。白银在明清时期成为了法定的流通货币，小额交易则往往用铜钱。货币的形式的不断变化展现了中国商业的发展，是中国古代文明的重要组成部分。Chinese currency has a long history and a vast
2、 variety, which forms a unique monetary culture. The earliest currency of China was seashell, which probably appeared in the Xia Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, diverse currencies were used owing to the differences in social conditions and cultures in different regions. The establishme
3、nt of Qin Dynasty unified the chaotic Chinese monetary system and people began to use copper coins. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Jiaozi, the worlds first paper currency, appeared. Silver became the legal currency in circulation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, while copper coins were often used in s
4、mall transactions. The changing form of currency showed the development of Chinese business, which was an important part of Chinese ancient civilization.春联(Spring Festival couplets)，是中国特有的一种文学形式，有着悠久的历史。春联上的文字简洁、精巧，象征着人们对未来的巨大期盼，表达人们对新年的美好愿望。贴春联是春节的一大传统习俗，也是中国人欢度新年春节的重要方式。每逢春节，无论在城市还是农村，家家户户都要精心挑选一副
5、大红春联贴在门上为节日增加喜庆(festive)气氛。各家各户会根据自家的情况选择不同内容的春联，比如商人的家庭会张贴与发财有关的春联，农民家庭则选择表达丰收愿望的春联。The Spring Festival couplet is a unique Chinese literary form with a long history. The text of couplets is concise and delicate, which symbolizes the Chinese great expectation for the future and conveys peoples good
6、 wishes of the New Year. As a traditional custom during the Spring Festival, pasting couplets is also an important way for the Chinese to celebrate the Spring Festival. During Spring Festivals, in both urban and rural areas, each household will select a pair of red couplets carefully and paste them
7、on the door to enhance the festive atmosphere. Each household would choose couplets with different contents according to their own circumstances. For instance, merchant families would paste the couplets related to making a fortune, while farmer families would choose couplets expressing the desire fo
8、r a good harvest.可持续发展是20世纪80年代提出的一种新的发展观。这种模式要求在保护环境的条件下发展经济，既要满足当代的需求，又不能损害后代人的利益。它的核心思想是确保经济、资源和环境的协调发展，目的是让子孙后代享受充分的资源和良好的环境。可持续发展是中国的一项基本国策。目前中国正集中精力节能减排，加快资源节约型和环境友好型工业体系的建设，加大环境保护力度，提高生态文明(ecological civilization)的水平。Sustainable development is a new concept of development put forward in the 1
9、980s. The mode requires that economy be developed on the condition of environmental protection. It should satisfy the need of the present without damaging the interests of the future generations. The core idea is to ensure the harmonious development among economy, resources and environment. The goal
10、 is to let offspring enjoy abundant resources and good environment. Sustainable development is a basic state policy of China. Now China is focusing on energy saving and emission reduction, accelerating the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly industrial systems, making more effor
11、ts to protect the environment, and raising the level of ecological civilization.丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是中国古代最著名的贸易路线。在这条路上运输的商品中，丝绸占很大部分，因此得名“丝绸之路”。丝绸之路起点始于长安，终点远达印度、罗马等国家。丝绸之路从汉代开始形成，到唐代达到鼎盛，骆驼曾是丝绸之路上的主要交通工具。中国的造纸、印刷等伟大发明通过这条路传播到了西方，而佛教(Buddhism)等宗教也被引入中国。丝绸之路不仅仅是古代国际贸易路线，更是连接亚洲、非洲、欧洲的文化桥梁。The Silk Roa
12、d is the most well-known trade route in ancient China. It got its name because silk comprised a large proportion of commodities transported along this road. The Silk Road started at Changan and extended as far as countries like India and Rome. The Silk Road was opened up during the Han Dynasty and r
13、eached its peak in the Tang Dynasty, with camels being the major means of transportation. Great inventions in China, such as paper-making and printing were spread to the Western world along this road and religions like Buddhism were also introduced to China. The Silk Road was not only an ancient int
14、ernational trade route, but also a cultural bridge linking with Africa and Europe.转基因食品(Genetically Modified Food;GMF)是利用基因工程技术生产的食品。它具有产量高、营养丰富、抗病力强等优势，但也存在明显的缺陷可能会造成基因污染(gene contamination)。因此，转基因食品的安全性一直是一个有争议的话题。在中国，政府和科学界支持转基因作物的推广，却持续引发信任危机。鉴于人们对相关农产品的安全担忧，中国政府草拟了新的粮食法，试图对转基因食品进行更严格的管理。该法规定，任何
15、单位和个人不得在主要粮食品种(principal grain cultivars)上应用转基因技术。Genetically Modified Food/GMF refers to food produced by applying the technology of genetic engineering. It has the advantages of high productivity, rich nutrition and strong disease resistance, etc. But its defect is also apparentit may lead to gene
16、 contamination. Thus, the safety of GMF remains a controversial topic. In China, the government and the scientific community support the promotion of genetically modified crops, but touch off a continuous trust crisis. In view of peoples concern about the safety of related agricultural produces, the
17、 Chinese government has drafted a new grain law，intending to impose a stricter management on GMF. The law requires that no entity and individual should apply genetically modified technology to the principal grain cultivars.公益广告(public service advertisement)指为社会公众的利益和社会风尚服务的广告。它不以盈利为目的，属于非商业性广告，是社会公益
18、事业(cause of the public good)的重要组成部分。公益广告的主题一般取材于老百姓的日常生活，如健康、安全和环保等。目的是提高公众的道德意识，改变公众对社会问题的态度。中国最早的公益广告出现在1986年。随后，公益广告的社会影响力逐渐增强。去年,中央电视台举办了首次电视公益广告大赛，呼吁社会各界关注并参与公益事业。Public service advertisement refers to the ads served for the public interests and social atmosphere. Public service advertisement r
19、efers to the advertisement that serves the interests of the public; and social fashion. As a significant part of the cause of the public good, it is noncommercial and does not aim at making profit. The themes of public service advertisements generally come from the daily life of ordinary people, suc
20、h as health, safety and environment protection. Its objectives are raising public awareness of ethics and changing public attitudes towards social issues. The earliest public service advertisement in China appeared in 1986. From then on, its social influence heightened gradually. Last year, CCTV hos
21、ted Chinas first public service advertising competition, appealing to people in all walks of life to concern about and participate in the cause of the public good. 故宫(the Imperial Palace)位于北京市中心，是世界上现存规模最大、保存最完整的古代皇宫和古建筑群(architectural complex)。这座历史悠久的宫殿，面积宏大，南北约千米，东西753米。整个皇宫相传共有9999个房间，分为外朝和内庭两部分。
22、外朝是皇帝行使权力、举行盛典的地方。内庭是皇帝的居住之地。故宫建筑群是中国古代宫殿建筑(Palatial architecture)的典范，对东亚及其他国家的文化和建筑产生了重大影响。而今整个故宫成为国家博物馆，陈列着众多珍贵的古代文物(cultural relics)。The Imperial Palace, located in the center of Beijing, is the largest, best preserved ancient imperial palace and architectural complex in the world. The historical
23、, spacious palace stretches about 1,000 meters from north to south and 753 meters on its east-west axis. Altogether, there are 9,999 rooms inside the palace according to legend, which is made up of two parts: the outer court and the inner court. The outer court was a place where the emperors exercis
24、ed their power and held grand ceremonies. The inner court was the imperial residence. The palace complex exemplifies traditional Chinese palatial architecture, and has influenced cultural and architectural developments greatly in East Asia and elsewhere. Today the entire Imperial Palace functions as
25、 a national museum, where a variety of treasured cultural relics are exhibited.中华人民共和国成立以来，为提高国民素质，政府致力于普及九年义务教育。九年义务教育是指小学和初中阶段共计9年的教育。1986年，中国制定了中华人民共和国义务教育法(Compulsory Education Law of the Peoples Republic of China)，这标志着从法律上确立了义务教育制度。从那以后，九年义务教育取得了显著的进展。2002年的数据显示，小学学龄儿童的入学率达到98.6%。2006年，新的义务教育法的
26、颁布使义务教育向素质教育、免费教育大步迈进，促使中国的教育进入一个全新的发展阶段。Since the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China, the government has been devoted to popularizing the nine-year compulsory education with the aim to improve the national qualily. The nine-year compulsory education refers to nine years of education in pri
27、mary and junior secondary schools. In 1986，China formulated Compulsory Education Law of the Peoples Republic of China, which indicated that the compulsory education system was legally established. Since then, the nine-year compulsory education had made significant progress. According to the statisti
28、cs in 2002, the enrollment rate of primary school-aged children reached 98.6%. In 2006, the enacting of a new compulsory education law helped the compulsory education make great strides to quality-oriented education and free education, promoting the education in China into a new stage of development
29、.“光盘行动”(“Clear Your Plate”Campaign)建议用餐者吃光盘子里的东西，鼓励将剩菜打包带走，以免浪费粮食。现在，中国的不少饭店都开始提供小份菜(smaller dishes)。中国每年浪费的粮食接近全国粮食总产量的1/10，成为世界上最大的人为灾害。“光盘行动”提醒人们，在他们大肆浪费粮食的时候，全世界仍然有许多人因为饥饿而死亡。“光盘行动”不再是某一个组织或个人的行动，而是一个关系到人类生存环境的行动，它有利于解决当前资源Clear Your Plate Campaign proposes that diners eat up their food in plate
30、s and encourages them to take leftovers home in order to avoid food wasting, so a number of restaurants in China are offering smaller dishes now. The grain wasted in China each year is close to 1/10 of the national total grain output, which has become the worlds largest man-made disaster. Clear Your
31、 Plate Campaign reminds people that when they are wasting food without restraint, there are still many people around the world who have died of starvation. It is no longer an action of a certain organization or an individual, but one related to the human living environment, which can contribute to resolving the current shortage of resources.专心-专注-专业