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1、精品学习资源2021 年 MBA 全国考试英语真题和解读Section I Use of English Directions ：Read the following text. Choose the best words for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 10 pointsThe Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity
2、is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has1across the Web.Can privacy be preserved2bringingsafety and security to a worldthat seems increasingly3.Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a4to make the Web a safer place-a“ voluntary trusted identit
3、y” system that would be the high-tech5of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled6one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential7to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to8a federation of private on
4、line identity systems. User could9which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that w ould require an Internet driverlicsense10by the government.Google and Microsoftare among companies that alre
5、ady have these“ single sign-on ”systems that make it possible for users to11just once but use many different services.12.the approach wouldcreate a “ walledgarden ” n cyberspace, withsafe“neighborhoods ” and bright “ streetlights” to establish a sense of a13community.Mr.Schmidtdescribed itas a “ vol
6、untaryecosystem” inwhich“ individualsand organizations can complete online transactions with14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure15which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration s plan has16privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach； others
7、 are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would17be a compulsory Internet“ drive s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with18by some computer security experts, who worry that the “ voluntaryecosystem” envisioned by Mr.Schmidt wouldstillleave mu
8、ch of the欢迎下载精品学习资源Internet19.They argue that all Internet users should be20to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1. A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2. A.for B.within C.while D.though3. A.careless B.lawless C.pointless D.helple
9、ss4. A.reason B.reminder C.compromise D.proposal5. A.information B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6. A.by B.into C.from D.over7. A.linked B.directed C.chained D.compared8. A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9. A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10. A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D
10、.delivered11. A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12. A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13. A.trusted B.modernized C.thriving D.competing14. A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15. A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16. A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17. A.frequestly
11、 B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18. A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19. A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20. A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced Section II Reading Comprehension欢迎下载精品学习资源Part A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the
12、questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40pointsText 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles
13、 without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2021 Ms. Simmons wasunder fire for having sat on Goldman s compensation；cohmomwitcteoeuld she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked. By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too muc
14、h time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased, advisers on a firm s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is fal
15、ling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from OhioUniversityused a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 differentdirectors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simplychecked which directors stayed from on
16、e proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departinga board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those“ surprise” disappearances by directounder the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the companywillsubsequently have to restate earnings
17、increased by nearly 20%. The likelihoodof being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse.The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firmis suggestive, it do
18、es not mean that such directors arealways jumping off a sinking ship. Often they“ trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for largerand more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad n
19、ews breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outsidedirectors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors willfollow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on cam
20、pus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for . Againing excessive profits欢迎下载精品学习资源Bfailing to fulfill her duty Crefusing to make compromises Dleaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be . Agenerous investorsBunbiased ex
21、ecutives Cshare price forecasters Dindependent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to .Abecome more stable Breport increased earningsCdo less well in the stock market Dperform worse in lawsuits24. It can be i
22、nferred from the last paragraph that outside directors . Amay stay for the attractive offers from the firmBhave often had records of wrongdoings in the firm Care accustomed to stress-free work in the firm Dwill decline incentives from the firm25. The author s attitude toward the role of outside dire
23、ctors is . ApermissiveBpositive Cscornful欢迎下载精品学习资源Dcritical Text 2Whatever happened to the death ofnewspaper. A year ago the end seemed near. Therecession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers likethe San Francisco Chroniclewere chron
24、iclingtheirowndoom. America s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should theybecome charitable corporations. Should the state subsidize them . It willhold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sig
25、n of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.
26、It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet t
27、hese desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Full
28、y 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2021, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development OECD. In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the da
29、mage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers havegone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off.Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper bus
30、iness.26. By saying “ Newspapers like their own doom ” Lines 3-4, Para. 1, the author indicates that newspaper .Aneglected the sign of crisis Bfailed to get state subsidies Cwere not charitable corporations欢迎下载精品学习资源Dwere in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburb
31、s probably because . Areaders threatened to pay lessBnewspapers wanted to reduce costs Cjournalists reported little about these areas Dsubscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they .A have more source
32、s of revenue Bhave more balanced newsrooms Care less dependent on advertising Dare less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business. ADistinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.B Completeness is to blame for the failure of ne
33、wspaper. CForeign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business. DReaders have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be . AAmerican Newspapers: Struggling for Survival BAmerican Newspapers: Gone with the Wind CAmerican Newspapers: A Th
34、riving Business DAmerican Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3欢迎下载精品学习资源We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But
35、when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, andthat restraint, in combinationwith the postwar confidence in the future,made small, efficienthousing positively styli
36、sh.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficientliving.The phrase “less is more ” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before W
37、orld War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.Mies s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed
38、, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the1940s symbolized the future. Mieshisticastesdopresentation masked the fact that the spaces hedesigned were small and efficient, rather th
39、an big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls,the views
40、 they afforded and the elegance of the buildings details and proportions, the architecturalequivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “ less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started buildingmore modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 sq
41、uare feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “ Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “ less is more” trend
42、. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthrightdetailing.Inhis Case Study House, Ralph everyday life few Americanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers but his belief that self-sufficiencywas both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31.
43、 The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans . Aprosperity and growth欢迎下载精品学习资源Befficiency and practicality Crestraint and confidence Dpride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus. AIt was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.B
44、Its designing concept was affected by World War II. CMost American architects used to be associated with it. DIt had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design . Awas related to large spaceB was identified with emptinessC was not reliant on abund
45、ant decoration Dwas not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago s Lake Shore Drive. AThey ignored details and proportions.BThey were built with materials popular at that time. CThey were more spacious than neighboring buildings. DThey shared some charact
46、eristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House” . AMechanical devices were widely used.BNatural scenes were taken into consideration CDetails were sacrificed for the overall effect.欢迎下载精品学习资源DEco-friendly materials were employed. Text 4Will the European Unio
47、n make it. The question would have sounded strange not long ago.Now even the project s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a“ Bermuda triangle ”of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency,which denies uncompetitive memb