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1、第一单元过关检测(A卷)(时间:90分钟满分:120分)第一部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A(2020山东卷)POETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem about how courage,determination,and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington,D.C. for each of three winne
2、rs,a parent and one other person of the winners choice.Trip includes round-trip air tickets,hotel stay for two nights,and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.6 First Prizes:The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Cor
3、inne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners,who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final flight.RulesFollow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.Write a poem using 100 words or fewer.Your poem can be any forma
4、t,any number of lines.Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper.You may use both the front and back of the paper.On the same sheet of paper,write or type your name,address,telephone number and birth date.Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.1.How many people can each grand prize winn
5、er take on the free trip?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six.答案A解析细节理解题。由Prizes部分第一段中的第一句可知,三名大奖获得者可获得免费到华盛顿的旅行,获奖者可带着自己的父亲或母亲,另外可再选一人,即每位大奖获得者可带两人参加免费旅行。故选A项。2.What will each of the honorable mention winners get?A.A plane ticket.B.A book by Corinne Szabo.C.A special T-shirt.D.A photo of Amelia Earhart.答案C解析
6、细节理解题。由Prizes部分的第三段可知,50个提名奖获得者可得到一件特殊的T恤衫。故选C项。3.Which of the following will result in disqualification?A.Typing your poem out.B.Writing a poem of 120 words.C.Using both sides of the paper.D.Mailing your entry on October 30.答案B解析细节理解题。由Rules部分中的“Write a poem using 100 words or fewer.”可知,120词的诗歌不符合要
7、求。故选B项。BAs scientists in the Netherlands tried to figure out how to build a super flying robot,they learned from one of natures flyers:the humble fruit fly(果蝇).And by building this robot,theyve gained new insights into how the fly carries out one of its dangerous tasks.The robot is called the DelFly
8、 Nimble.Its wingspan(冀展) is about a foot wide.It has four wings that can beat at 17 times per second,which appear very delicate because theyre made of the same material as space blankets.In the previous designs,they always had a tail,like a traditional airplane tail,said the main designer Matej Kara
9、sek.Hes based at the Micro Air Vehicle Laboratory at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands,and he and his colleagues published their findings in Science.“In the previous generations,” he said,“flapping wings drove the robot forward while the tail helped to guide and stabilise it.”But now
10、 the DelFly Nimble is completely controlled by the wings.The challenge then was actually combining the control into the wing movement,and thats what we achieved,Karasek said.In the latest generation,the wings can each move individually or rotate(旋转) around the body of the robot in order to maximise
11、the machines agility(灵活).“The robot can remain in one place in the air for about five minutes on a full battery or fly for more than a kilometre”,Karasek said,“And because the scientists are controlling all the movements,they can use the robot to learn more about how fruit flies actually carry out t
12、heir dangerous tasks,which has caught the attention of biologists.”4.Where did scientists get the creative idea of the flying robot?A.From a fruit fly.B.From the birds wings.C.From some fruit.D.From an airplane.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As scientists in the Netherlands tried to figure out how to build a su
13、per flying robot,they learned from one of natures flyers:the humble fruit fly.”可知,科学家从果蝇那里得到了飞行机器人的创意。5.What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 probably refer to?A.A full battery.B.A flapping wing.C.The DelFly Nimble.D.The humble fruit fly.答案C解析代词指代题。根据第四段中的第一句可知,在前几代机器人中,拍动翅膀推动机器人前进,同时尾巴帮
14、助引导和稳定它。由此推测,it指代的是科学家们发明的飞行机器人,即The DelFly Nimble。6.What interests biologists most about fruit flies?A.That they are very tiny insects.B.That they conduct challenging tasks.C.That they can be easily found in the world.D.That they have light wings and fly quickly.答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的最后一句可知,生物学家们对果蝇最感
15、兴趣的是它们所进行的具有挑战性的任务。7.Where is the text probably taken?A.A research paper.B.A travel brochure.C.A health magazine.D.A chemistry textbook.答案A解析推理判断题。本文主要介绍了一款由荷兰科学家发明的新型飞行机器人。由此推测,文章应该来自研究论文。CToday,the technology that is being developed for cell phones is surprising.Soon our cell phones will be able t
16、o do things that we thought impossible or not even thought of at all.When picturing the future,there are quite a few things that we would love our cell phones to be able to do.Lets take a look at the ones that are likely to be in the next generation of cell phones.Cell phones of the near future will
17、 be able to start and unlock cars,turn lights on and off in houses,make payments(付款),work as computers.This sounds too good to be true,right?Fortunately,this future is just over the horizon;you wont wait too long.New technology for phones is being developed to realise eye scans(扫描) and fingerprint s
18、cans,so you neednt worry about your information being stolen.What do I want my phone to be able to do?I want it to be special.For example,I will shout to my phone across the room “Give me directions to the market” and it pulls up the directions and sends them to my printer.Is it possible?Yes.Maybe s
19、omeday cell phones will be able to change into robots and walk our dogs and clean our houses too.Who knows?In the last 30 years we have gone from hardly knowing what a cell phone was to surfing the Internet with excellent cell phones.It is hard to believe that technology is advancing as quickly as i
20、t is,with no end in sight.In 5 years the technology of today will be a thing of the past,and the world wont look back one bit.8.We learn from the text that cell phones in the future.A.can do a number of jobs you want it to doB.only do the work we once thought ofC.dont look like todays cell phones at
21、 allD.can pay for whatever you want to buy答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段的“.there are quite a few things that we would love our cell phones to be able to do.”可知选A项。作者说手机可以用来支付,但未说什么都能支付,故排除D项。9.The underlined phrase “over the horizon” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by “”.A.arriving as time goesB.what people all ho
22、peC.what we work hard forD.coming in a short time答案D解析词义猜测题。根据画线词的后文可知,作者描述的这种将来,你不会等待很久,由此可猜出over the horizon意为“即将到来”。故选D项。10.If ones eye scan is done by his cell phone, .A.his picture is kept in it foreverB.his information wont be lostC.his cell phone only serves himD.his cell phone wont be stolen
23、答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知,如果一个人的眼睛扫描是通过他的手机完成的,他的信息不会丢失。故选B项。11.What is special about your future cell phone?A.It works as a robot does.B.You can speak loudly to it.C.It can give you information.D.It can warn you out of danger.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,将来的手机可以回答问题,可以遛狗、做家务。由此推知,手机能够像机器人那样工作。故选A项。DMy compan
24、y will soon use 360 robot cleaners across a few hundred of its stores.Using maps input by human employees,the AI-powered cleaners will travel in the store with no difficulty,sweeping the floorjust as human employees used to do.Perhaps the most striking thing about these robot workers is how not-stri
25、king they are.Sci-fi movies suggest a future full of human-like robots who appear with their horrible qualities.Now the future is coming into view,and it looks like a giant lie.Its easy to imagine walking past an Auto-C on a shopping trip without even noticing its presence.AI has already started to
26、become a part of our everyday life.In New Jersey this week,dozens of workers were hospitalised after a robot accidentally broke a can and enveloped workers in eye-and-lung-damaging gas.Days earlier in California,an auto-piloted Tesla drove a drunk,sleeping driver down a highway,which no doubt did so
27、me potential risk to the other drivers on the road.Highway patrol officers figured out on the spot how to stop the AI car.Of course,industrial accidents and drunk drivers existed well before AI.Tools with the power to release the burden of physical labourhorses,steam machines,self-driving carsalso c
28、ome with the power to injure.And the presence of AI-powered machines just steps away from us is,for now,still a rare thing for most people.But the nature of robots coming into our daily life lives will make it harder to recogniseor object tothe bigger changes they bring later.My boss insists that th
29、e robot cleaners give employees more time for customer service and other tasks.Critics point out that they could just as easily become an excuse to reduce staff and wages.12.What is the difference between sci-fi movies and the reality?A.Now the human-like robots is hard to recognise.B.Now people don
30、t go to see the sci-fi movies.C.Now the human-like robots can tell lies.D.Now it is easy to ignore the robots.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sci-fi movies suggest a future full of human-like robots who appear with their horrible qualities.Now the future is coming into view,and it looks like a giant lie.Its easy
31、 to imagine walking past an Auto-C on a shopping trip without even noticing its presence.”可知,在现实中,人们经常忽略机器人的存在,而在科幻电影中,机器人是一种可怕的存在。结合选项,D项(现在容易忽略机器人)最切合题意。13.Why were some workers in hospital in New Jersey?A.They damaged the robot first.B.The robot caused an accident on purpose.C.The robot made a mi
32、stake by chance.D.The robot driving them on the highway had an accident.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In New Jersey this week,dozens of workers were hospitalised after a robot accidentally broke a can and enveloped workers in eye-and-lung-damaging gas.”可知,一个机器人不小心打破了一个罐子,把工人们困在了对眼睛和肺有害的气体中,导致数十名工人住院治疗。故选C项。14.
33、What is the attitude of the author to AI?A.Supportive.B.Objective.C.Doubtful.D.Indifferent.答案B解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Tools with the power to release the burden of physical labourhorses,steam machines,self-driving carsalso come with the power to injure.”可知,作者认为人工智能可以减轻人们的体力劳动负担,但也有可能产生危害。因此作者对AI的态度是“客观的”。
34、故选B项。15.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Artificial intelligence is bringing great effect to our daily life.B.My company will soon use 360 robot cleaners across its stores.C.We should say no to artificial intelligence.D.Artificial intelligence is dangerous to our life.答案A解析主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句可知,作者的
35、公司很快将在其数百家门店中使用360个机器人清洁工。结合剩余每段首句可知,文章主要论述了“人工智能正在进入我们的生活,对我们的生活产生巨大影响”这个话题。结合选项,A项(人工智能给我们的日常生活带来了巨大的影响)最切合题意。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Tips on buying outdoor solar lightsAs solar lighting is becoming useful for homes,many different such outdoor lights can
36、now be found in supermarkets.Here are some helpful tips for customers.Does your area receive enough direct lighting?16 So you shouldnt even give it a thought if you live in an area that doesnt get much sunlight.These lights need direct sunlight,or they just wont work very well.17The expensive one us
37、ually means good quality.Choosing the cheapest ones will result in many problems.For once,its best to buy more expensive lights of high quality.18 At least you should know the difference between a $10 light and a $45 light.Buy lights that require less installation(安装).Most solar lights are simply dr
38、iven into the ground.Therefore,you shouldnt deal with the difficulty in installing a system that involves anything more than that.19 You dont need to buy lights that require half an hour each to plant into the ground because thats just a waste of time.Make sure the lights can store enough energy.Dif
39、ferent solar lights can store different amounts of energy.20 Therefore,you should choose lights that are able to store enough energy to last for quite a few hours or more,at least those that will last from nightfall throughout most of the night and part of the morning.A.Buy many solar lights instead
40、 of just one or two.B.They should take a few minutes each to get into the ground.C.That doesnt mean you have to spend all your money.D.It means some will stay lit longer than the others.E.Solar lights are becoming more and more popular.F.Without sunlight,solar lighting is useless.G.Choose something
41、a bit more expensive for once.答案16.F17.G18.C19.B20.D第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。You cant imagine how crazy I was about football when I was young.For years my life followed a(n) 21:I slipped out of the house,played football until dark and instantly
42、 I was infected with malaria.Football was so appealing that I was willing to 22 anythinginjuries,punishment,and even sicknessto play it.Soon enough,my mother would rush me to the Sijuwade Hospital.There,the doctor said I needed to be 23.My dad often spent the night with me in the hospital while my m
43、other 24 my sister at home.Then came the happiest 25 when my father told me wonderful stories.My father was a(n) 26 storyteller.In the hospital,he would tell me a story or two,or,sometimes,if he was not too tired,many in response to my request.He 27 bicycle sounds and the howl of the wind so vividly
44、 that the pictures would never 28 from my mind.So happy were these moments that I sometimes wished to 29 my hospital stay.Because of my mums strict supervision,it became 30 difficult to steal out.No longer sick,no more stories.31,I broke into my fathers room one evening.“Dad,you tell me stories only
45、 when Im sick.”My father laughed,“You are already eight and can read by yourself!”He 32 me a book and said,“Go and read that.Itll tell you stories.”I remember that night clearly.I opened the book and read what turned out to be the most 33 story that I had ever read.What I discovered that night 34 my
46、 life.I became thirsty for books and became a voracious(求知欲强的) 35.I read in the mornings,at nights and in between.Through reading,I felt as though I were on the magical journey to the endless.21.A.patternB.customC.methodD.aim答案A解析句意:多年来我的生活都遵循着一种模式。 pattern“模式”;custom“习惯,风俗”;method“方法”;aim“目标”。冒号后的句
47、子讲述的是作者固定的生活模式,与动词follow搭配,要用follow a pattern表示“遵循一种模式”。故选A项。22.A.avoidB.riskC.welcomeD.expect答案B解析句意:足球是如此令人着迷,以至于我愿意为了踢球而承担任何风险受伤、惩罚甚至生病。从这里列举的三项内容来看,都指的是在踢足球的过程中可能出现的风险,这里要用risk表示“冒风险”。故选B项。23.A.receivedB.adoptedC.admittedD.accepted答案C解析句意:在那里,医生说我需要住院。 根据下文可知,作者是住院了,所以要用be admitted(to hospital)表
48、示“被(医院)收治”。故选C项。24.A.added toB.led toC.appealed toD.tended to答案D解析句意:我爸爸经常在医院陪着我度过夜晚,而我妈妈在家照顾我妹妹。根据my sister at home可知,作者的妈妈在家照顾妹妹。故选D项。25.A.momentsB.yearsC.conditionsD.cases答案A解析第三段最后一句的moments是提示,此处指的是作者住院时,父亲给他讲故事的那些时光。故选A项。26.A.impoliteB.determinedC.giftedD.terrible答案C解析句意:我父亲是个讲故事的天才。从后文vividly一词和作者的评价来看,父亲讲故事讲得很好,这里选项中只有C项能传达这层意思。故选C项。27.A.im