《YassminAbdelMagied_2014X[雅思敏.阿布戴尔－马吉德][我的头巾对你意味着什么].pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《YassminAbdelMagied_2014X[雅思敏.阿布戴尔－马吉德][我的头巾对你意味着什么].pdf（6页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Someone who looks like me walks past you in the street.在街上如果有看起来和我很像的人经过你身边00:13Do you think theyre a mother,a refugee or a victim ofoppression?你会认为他们是母亲？难民？还是压迫下的受害者？00:18Or do you think theyre a cardiologist,a barrister or maybeyour local politician?或者你会认为他们是心脏病专家？法庭律师？或者当地的政客？00:24Do
2、 you look me up and down,wondering how hot I mustget or if my husband has forced me to wear this outfit?你会上下打量我 猜想我该觉得有多热 或者我的丈夫是否强迫我穿成这样00:30What if I wore my scarf like this?如果我把围巾戴成这样呢00:38I can walk down the street in the exact same outfit and whatthe world expects of me and the way Im treated d
3、epends onthe arrangement of this piece of cloth.我可以装扮得完全一样走过街道 周围人对我的看法和态度 都取决于我怎么佩戴这块头巾00:43But this isnt going to be another monologue about thehijab because Lord knows,Muslim women are so much morethan the piece of cloth they choose,or not,to wrap theirhead in.这并不是又一个关于伊斯兰妇女头巾的独白 因为上帝知道伊斯兰妇女远不是一条
4、头巾就能代表的无论他们是否选择佩戴00:52This is about looking beyond your bias.这是一个关于抛弃个人偏见的问题01:03oppression:n.压抑;镇压;压迫手段;沉闷;苦恼 cardiologist:n.心脏病学家;心脏病科医师 barrister:n.律师;(加拿大)出庭律师(等于arrister-at-law);(英)(有资格出席高等法庭并辩护的)专门律师 up and down:上上下下;到处;前前后后;来来往往scarf:n.围巾;嵌接,嵌接处;头巾领巾/vt.披嵌接;用围巾围 monologue:n.独白 hijab:n.希贾布(穆斯林
5、妇女戴的面纱或头巾)wrap:vt.包;缠绕;隐藏;掩护/vi.包起来;缠绕;穿外衣/n.外套;围巾What if I walked past you and later on youd found out thatactually I was a race car engineer,and that I designed myown race car and I ran my universitys race team,because itstrue.如果我走过你的身旁 之后你发现我实际上是一名赛车工程师 设计了自己的赛车组织了自己的大学赛车队呢？因为这是真的01:08What if I t
6、old you that I was actually trained as a boxer forfive years,because thats true,too.如果我告诉你我其实做了五年拳击手呢？因为这也是事实01:19Would it surprise you?你会感到惊讶吗？01:26Why?为什么？01:29Ladies and gentlemen,ultimately,that surprise and thebehaviors associated with it are the product of somethingcalled unconscious bias,or i
7、mplicit prejudice.先生们 女士们 总之 你们感到的惊讶和作出的行为是无意识里偏见的产物 或者说隐形偏见的产物01:31And that results in the ridiculously detrimental lack ofdiversity in our workforce,particularly in areas of influence.结果这导致了严重有害的后果 那就是劳动力中多样性的缺乏 尤其是在具有较强影响力的领域01:40Hello,Australian Federal Cabinet.嗨 澳大利亚联邦内阁01:47(Applause)Let me ju
8、st set something out from the outset:Unconscious bias is not the same as consciousdiscrimination.（掌声）我想先讲讲这个 无意识偏见不同于有意识的歧视01:50later on:adv.后来;稍后;过些时候 unconscious:adj.无意识的;失去知觉的;不省人事的;未发觉的 implicit:adj.含蓄的；暗示的；盲从的 prejudice:n.偏见;侵害/vt.损害;使有偏见 ridiculously:adv.可笑地;荒谬地 detrimental:adj.不利的;有害的/n.有害的人(
9、或物);不受欢迎的求婚者 diversity:n.多样性;差异 conscious:adj.意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的discrimination:n.歧视；区别，辨别；识别力Im not saying that in all of you,theres a secret sexist orracist or ageist lurking within,waiting to get out.我并非指在座各位都是秘密的性别歧视者或种族歧视者 或年龄歧视者你们等待着把歧视公之于众01:58Thats not what Im saying.我并非这个意思02:04We all have our b
10、iases.我们都有自己的偏见02:06Theyre the filters through which we see the world around us.偏见是我们观察这个世界的过滤器02:08Im not accusing anyone,bias is not an accusation.我不是在指责任何人 偏见并非罪过02:11Rather,its something that has to be identified,acknowledged and mitigated against.反而我们需要意识到这些偏见 承认偏见 减轻偏见02:15TED演讲者：Yassmin Abdel
11、-Magied|雅思敏.阿布戴尔马吉德演讲标题：What does my headscarf mean to you?|我的头巾对你意味着什么？内容概要：What do you think when you look at this speaker?Well,think again.(And thenagain.)In this funny,honest,empathetic talk,Yassmin Abdel-Magied challenges us to lookbeyond our initial perceptions,and to open doors to new ways of
12、 supporting others.无意识偏见在现行文化中十分普遍，这使得我们根据自己的出身和影响力作出各类假设。这种隐秘的偏见几乎影响了所有事情，现在是时候我们应该变得更加考虑周全、更聪明、更优秀了。在这场有趣又真诚的演讲中，雅思敏使用了一种令人惊喜的方式，挑战着所有听众突破他们最初的想法。Bias can be about race,it can be about gender.偏见可以是关于种族 可以是关于性别02:21It can also be about class,education,disability.也可以是关于阶级 教育程度 和残障02:23The fact is,we
13、 all have biases against whats different,whatsdifferent to our social norms.事实上我们都对与众不同的事物抱有偏见 对那些和社会习俗不同的事物抱有偏见02:27sexist:n.性别歧视者;男性至上主义者/adj.性别主义者的;性别歧视者的 racist:n.种族主义者/种族主义的 ageist:年龄歧视者lurking:n.(新用户的)“潜伏”(在USENET上作为旁观者,不参加讨论)biases:n.偏差,偏见(bias的复数形式)/v.偏见(bias的三单形式)filters:n.化工滤器,电子光滤波器;光滤光片(
14、filter的复数)/v.过滤(filter的三单形式)accusation:n.控告,指控;谴责 acknowledged:adj.公认的;被普遍认可的/v.承认;确认(acknowledge的过去式和过去分词);答谢 mitigated:vt.使缓和,使减轻/vi.减轻,缓和下来 gender:n.性;性别;性交/vt.生(过去式gendered,过去分词gendered,现在分词gendering,第三人称单数genders,形容词genderless)disability:n.残疾;无能;无资格;不利条件 norms:n.标准标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式)The thing is
15、,if we want to live in a world where thecircumstances of your birth do not dictate your future andwhere equal opportunity is ubiquitous,then each and everyone of us has a role to play in making sure unconscious biasdoes not determine our lives.问题是 如果我们希望 自己出身的环境 不会决定我们的未来 到处都是平等的机会的话 那么我们每个人都要做出努力 确
16、保无意识偏见无法决定我们的命运02:33Theres this really famous experiment in the space ofunconscious bias and thats in the space of gender in the1970s and 1980s.曾有一个着名的关于性别领域中无意识偏见的实验那是在上世纪七八十年代02:52So orchestras,back in the day,were made up mostly ofdudes,up to only five percent were female.当时的交响乐团大部分都由男性组成 只有5%的女性
17、成员02:59And apparently,that was because men played it differently,presumably better,presumably.显然 这是因为 人们假设男性成员演奏得更好03:06But in 1952,The Boston Symphony Orchestra started anexperiment.但在1952年 波士顿交响乐团 开始了一项实验03:12They started blind auditions.他们开始了“盲听”选拔03:17So rather than face-to-face auditions,you wo
18、uld have to playbehind a screen.演奏者在幕布后面演奏而不是进行面对面的试音03:19ubiquitous:adj.普遍存在的;无所不在的 orchestras:n.管弦乐队;乐队演奏处 back in the day:在过去，在以前;dudes:花花公子/纨绔子弟/哥们(dude的名词复数)Symphony:n.交响乐；谐声，和声 Orchestra:n.管弦乐队;乐队演奏处auditions:n.试演;试听(audition的复数形式);生理听力/v.试演;作试听(audition的第三人称单数)face-to-face:adj.面对面的;当面的/adv.面对
19、面地Now funnily enough,no immediate change was registereduntil they asked the audition-ers to take their shoes offbefore they entered the room.非常有趣的是 事情并没有立刻发生变化 直到演奏者被要求 在进入试音房间前脱去鞋子03:22because the clickity-clack of the heels against the hardwoodfloors was enough to give the ladies away.因为光是鞋跟踩在硬木地板
20、上的嗒嗒声 就足以出卖那些女性演奏者03:31Now get this,there results of the audition showed that therewas a 50 percent increased chance a woman would progresspast the preliminary stage.于是 试音的结果表示 女性演奏员通过试音前几关的机会 提高了50%03:37And it almost tripled their chances of getting in.她们最后通过的几率提高了3倍03:47What does that tell us?这个故事
21、告诉了我们什么呢03:51Well,unfortunately for the guys,men actually didnt playdifferently,but there was the perception that they did.不幸的是 我得告诉男士们男性并没有演奏得更好只是大家这样以为罢了03:53And it was that bias that was determining their outcome.正是这种偏见决定了他们的结果03:59So what were doing here is identifying and acknowledgingthat a bi
22、as exists.所以我们现在要做的就是 认识到 并且承认偏见是存在的04:03funnily:adv.有趣地,滑稽地;古怪的 heels:n.高跟鞋(heel的复数);脚踝;残余料/v.紧跟;给(鞋等)装跟(heel的三单形式)hardwood:n.硬木,硬木材;植林阔叶树 audition:n.听力,听觉;试听/vi.试听;试音/vt.对进行面试;让试唱 preliminary:n.准备；预赛；初步措施/adj.初步的；开始的；预备的 tripled:adj.三倍的;三方的/n.三倍数;三个一组/vi.增至三倍/vt.使成三倍 determining:v.决定(determine的ing
23、形式)identifying:n.识别,标识;标识关系/v.识别(identify的现在分词)acknowledging:n.确认;答谢顾客/v.承认(acknowledge的ing形式)And look,we all do it.我们都有04:07Let me give you an example.让我来举个列子04:08A son and his father are in a horrible car accident.一个儿子和他的父亲遭遇了一场可怕的车祸04:10The father dies on impact and the son,whos severelyinjured,i
24、s rushed to hospital.父亲当场死亡 而身受重伤的儿子被送去了医院04:14The surgeon looks at the son when they arrive and is like,Icant operate.当他们到达后外科医生看着儿子说 我不能进行手术04:19Why?为什么呢？04:25The boy is my son.这个男孩是我儿子04:27How can that be?怎么会呢？04:30Ladies and gentlemen,the surgeon is his mother.女士 先生们 那名外科医生是他的母亲04:32Now hands up
25、-and its okay-but hands up if you initiallyassumed the surgeon was a guy?现在举手 没有关系 但如果你最假设那名医生是男性的观众请举手。04:36www.XiYuS锡育软件Theres evidence that that unconscious bias exists,but we alljust have to acknowledge that its there and then look atways that we can move past it so that we can look atsolutions.
26、有证据表明无意识偏见是存在的 只是我们需要承认它的存在 并寻求解决方法04:42Now one of the interesting things around the space ofunconscious bias is the topic of quotas.在无意识偏见领域有一个很有趣的话题 就是选拔问题04:54severely:adv.严重地;严格地,严厉地;纯朴地 rushed:adj.匆忙的;贸然的/v.急忙(rush的过去式);匆促 initially:adv.最初，首先；开头 quotas:n.配额(quota的复数);经管定额,经限额/v.分配(quota的第三人称单数)
27、And this something thats often brought up.这是经常会被提到的问题05:00And of of the criticisms is this idea of merit.被诟病最多的就是有关优点这一概念05:02Look,I dont want to be picked because Im a chick,I want tobe picked because I have merit,because Im the best personfor the job.听着 我不想因为我长得漂亮被挑选 我想因为有能力而被挑选 因为我是最适合这份工作的人05:05
28、Its a sentiment thats pretty common among femaleengineers that I work with and that I know.这是很多女性工程师都有的想法 至少我共事过的我认识的都是这样05:13And yeah,I get it,Ive been there.是啊 我理解 我也这样想过05:18But,if the merit idea was true,why would identical resumes,in an experiment done in 2012 by Yale,identical resumessent out
29、for a lab technician,why would Jennifers be deemedless competent,be less likely to be offered the job,and bepaid less than Johns.但如果真是这样的话 为何在耶鲁大学2012年所做的一个实验中 应聘实验室技术人员时发出的两份完全相同的简历 会使得面试人认为约翰比詹妮弗能力更高 更有可能得到工作 得到更高的工资呢05:20The unconscious bias is there,but we just have to look at howwe can move pas
30、t it.无意识偏见的确存在 只是我们需要想办法克服它05:42And,you know,its interesting,theres some research thattalks about why this is the case and its called the meritparadox.而且 有趣的是 有过很多研究 都在讨论这类问题这被称作优点悖论05:46criticisms:n.批评;评论(criticism的复数形式)sentiment:n.感情,情绪;情操;观点;多愁善感 identical:adj.同一的；完全相同的/n.完全相同的事物 resumes:n.简历;个人履
31、历(resume的复数)/v.恢复(resume的第三人称单数形式);重新获得 deemed:v.认为(deem的过去式)paradox:n.悖论，反论；似非而是的论点；自相矛盾的人或事And in organizations-and this is kind of ironic-inorganizations that talk about merit being their primaryvalue-driver in terms of who they hire,对很多机构来说有点讽刺的是 那些声称雇佣人才时 首先考虑应聘者自身价值的机构05:52they were more likel
32、y to hire dudes and more likely to paythe guys more because apparently merit is a masculinequality.都更倾向于雇佣男性付给男性更高工资 因为优秀显然是男性的特质06:00But,hey.但是 嘿06:07So you guys think youve got a good read on me,you kindathink you know whats up.所以你们以为已经了解我了 你们以为你们知道是怎么回事06:08Can you imagine me running one of these
33、?但你们能想象我来做这件事吗06:14Can you imagine me walking in and being like,Hey boys,this is whats up.This is how its done.你们能想象我走进屋子然后说 嘿各位 就得这样了没办法06:17Well,Im glad you can.那好吧 我很欣慰你们能想象出来06:23(Applause)Because ladies and gentlemen,thats my day job.（掌声）因为 女士们 先生们这就是我每天的工作06:31And the cool thing about it is th
34、at its pretty entertaining.其中好的一点就是这做起来挺愉快的06:40Actually,in places like Malaysia,Muslim women on rigs isnteven comment-worthy.其实 在马来西亚这类地方 船上的穆斯林女人不足为奇06:43There are that many of them.因为她们比比皆是06:47ironic:adj.讽刺的;反话的 in terms of:依据;按照;在方面;以措词 masculine:adj.男性的；阳性的；男子气概的/n.男性；阳性，阳性词 entertaining:adj.令
35、人愉快的/v.款待(entertain的ing形式)But,it is entertaining.但是 有时候挺有趣的06:48I remember,I was telling one of the guys,Hey,mate,look,Ireally want to learn how to surf.我记得 我对一个男人说 嘿 老兄 我真的很想学冲浪06:49And hes like,Yassmin,I dont know how you can surf withall that gear youve got on,and I dont know any women-only beach
36、es.然后他说Yassmin 我真的不知道你该怎么冲浪 因为你穿成那样 而且我也不知道有只允许女人去的海滩06:54And then,the guy came up with a brilliant idea,he was like,I know,you run that organization Youth Without Borders,right?紧接着这个人想出了一个绝妙的点子 他说我知道了 你不是在运营那个组织吗 叫 年轻无极限 对吧？07:02Why dont you start a clothing line for Muslim chicks inbeaches.你可以在海滩上
37、组织一场穆斯林姑娘的时装秀嘛07:08You can call it Youth Without Boardshorts.你可以管它叫年轻无泳裤07:13(Laughter)And I was like,Thanks,guys.（笑声）于是我说谢了 兄弟07:15And I remember another bloke telling me that I should eatall the yogurt I could because that was the only culture I wasgoing to get around there.我还记得另一个家伙对我说 我可以把能吃到的酸奶
38、都吃了 因为我在那个地方只能学到这一种文化07:19But,the problem is,its kind of true because theres anintense lack of diversity in our workforce,particularly inplaces of influence.不过 问题是 他说的没什么大错 因为我们的劳动人员队伍十分缺乏多样性 尤其是在有影响力的领域07:29beaches:n.海洋海滩;海洋海滨(beach的复数形式)bloke:n.家伙;小子 yogurt:n.酸奶酪,食品酸乳(等于yoghurt)getaround:到处走走;逃避;说
39、服;传开来(等于getround);有办法应付;有办法应付局面Now,in 2010,The Australian National University did anexperiment where they sent out 4,000 identical applicationsto entry level jobs,essentially.现在 在2010年时 澳大利亚国立大学进行了一项实验 他们发出了4000份完全相同的申请 主要是申请一些差不多的工作结果表明07:37To get the same number of interviews as someone with anAng
40、lo-Saxon name,if you were Chinese,you had to send out68 percent more applications.如果想得到和有欧美人名字的申请者一样多的面试机会 如果你是中国人你需要多申请68次07:48If you were Middle Eastern-Abdel-Magied-you had tosend out 64 percent,and if youre Italian,youre pretty lucky,you only have to send out 12 percent more.如果你是中东人 你需要多申请64次 如果
41、你是意大利人还是挺幸运的 你只需要多申请12次07:57In places like Silicon Valley,its not that much better.在硅谷之类的地方情况也不太乐观08:07In Google,they put out some diversity results and 61 percentwhite,30 percent Asian and nine,a bunch of blacks,Hispanics,all that kind of thing.在谷歌 人员构成大概为 61%白人 30%亚裔人9%黑人和西班牙裔人 到处都是一样08:10And the
42、rest of the tech world is not that much better andtheyve acknowledged it,but Im not really sure what theyredoing about it.整个科技行业都差不多 他们已经承认了事实 但我并不知道他们打算做点什么08:20The thing is,it doesnt trickle up.情况并没有好转08:27send out:发送;派遣;放出 put out:熄灭;伸出;出版;使不方便,打扰 a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆 And the rest:其他的;等等trickle:vi
43、.滴;细细地流;慢慢地移动/vt.使滴;使淌;使细细地流/n.滴,淌;细流In a study done by Green Park,who are a British senior execsupplier,they said that over half of the FTSE 100 companiesdont have a nonwhite leader at their board level,executiveor non-executive.Green Park公司是英国一家高级酒店连锁集团 它作出的一项研究显示 富时100指数中超过半数的公司 其董事层都是完全由白人组成的 无论
44、他们有没有执行权08:29And two out of every three dont have an executive whosfrom a minority.并且在三分之二的公司中有执行权的董事 都不是来自少数种族08:43And most of the minorities that are at that sort of level arenon-executive board directors.董事级别的少数族人 大多是非执行董事08:49So their influence isnt that great.所以他们的权力不大08:54Ive told you a bunch
45、of terrible things.我已经给你们讲了很多坏事了08:57Youre like,Oh my god,how bad is that?What can I doabout it?你们一定觉得天呐 这么惨 我能做点什么08:59Well,fortunately,weve identified that theres a problem.嗯 好事就是 你们已经认识到问题的存在了09:03Theres a lack of opportunity,and thats due to unconsciousbias.由于潜意识偏见很多人失去了机会09:07But you might be s
46、itting there thinking,I aint brown.Whats that got to do with me?但你们可能正在想 反正我是白人和我有什么关系呢09:13Let me offer you a solution.我来告诉你吧09:20And as Ive said before,we live in a world where werelooking for an ideal.正如我刚才讲的 我们活在世上都在追求理想的世界09:22exec:n.执行,执行程序;主任参谋,副舰长/abbr.实行(execute);实行的(executive)minorities:n.
47、少数(minority的复数形式);少数民族;少数族裔And if we want to create a world where the circumstances ofyour birth dont matter,we all have to be part of the solution.如果我们希望 自己出身的环境不再那么重要 我们都得参与进来 一起解决09:27And interestingly,the author of the lab resume experimentoffered some sort of a solution.有趣的是那个实验室简历实验的作者 提出了一些解决
48、方案09:33She said the one thing that brought the successful womentogether,the one thing that they had in common,was thefact that they had good mentors.她说使成功女性聚在一起的一件事 成功女性共有的一个特点 就是她们都得到了很好的教导09:38So mentoring,weve all kind of heard that before,its in thevernacular.教导我们差不多都听说过一些 这是方言里的说法09:46Heres ano
49、ther challenge for you.现在我又要给你们提出一个挑战09:52I challenge each and every one of you to mentor someonedifferent.我希望你们每人都来教导一个人09:54Think about it.想想吧09:59Everyone wants to mentor someone who kind of is familiar,who looks like us,we have shared experiences.每个人都想要教导一个熟悉的 和我们相似的 有共同经历的人10:00If I see a Musli
50、m chick whos got a bit of attitude,Im like,Whats up?We can hang out.如果我看见一个穆斯林姑娘态度还不错 我可能就会说怎么样 我们可以一起出去玩10:06interestingly:adv.有趣地 in common:共同的;共有的 mentors:n.导师,教练(mentor复数)mentoring:v.指导(mentor的ing形式);做的良师 vernacular:adj.本国的;地方的;用本地语写成的/n.本地话,方言;动植物的俗名 mentor:n.指导者,良师益友/vt.指导You walk into a room