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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件In half a century of trying to help prevent wars,theres onequestion that never leaves me:How do we deal with extremeviolence without using force in return?在为防止战争所做的半个世纪工作中,我始终有一个问题:我们在不使用暴力的情况下 如何面对极端暴力？00:12When youre faced with brutality,whether its a child facing abully on a playgrou
2、nd or domestic violence-or,on thestreets of Syria today,facing tanks and shrapnel,whats themost effective thing to do?当你面对暴力,不管是一个小孩面对欺负他的小混混,还是家庭暴力 或者是叙利亚今天的街道上 面对坦克和弹药,最有效的方式是什么？00:27Fight back?Give in?反击？屈服？00:43Use more force?使用更多暴力？00:46This question:How do I deal with a bully without becominga
3、 thug in return?“我在不变成暴徒的情况下 如何面对威胁？”这个问题00:49has been with me ever since I was a child.自从我还是孩子时就伴随着我。00:57I remember I was about 13,glued to a grainy black andwhite television in my parents living room as Soviet tanksrolled into Budapest,and kids not much older than me werethrowing themselves at th
4、e tanks and getting mown down.我记得当我大约13岁时,被我父母房间里的黑白电视所吸引 电视上放着苏联坦克开过布达佩斯,和我差不多大的孩子 在坦克前逃跑 并且被碾压过去。01:00brutality:n.无情;残忍;暴行(需用复数形式)bully:n.欺凌弱小者；土霸/adj.第一流的；特好的/vt.欺负；威吓/vi.欺侮人/adv.很；十分/int.好；妙/shrapnel:n.弹片;榴霰弹;零钱 Fight back:回击;抵抗 thug:n.暴徒;恶棍;刺客 glued:adj.胶合的/v.粘;用胶水粘住(glue的过去分词)grainy:adj.粒状的;木纹
5、状的;多粒的;有纹理的 black and white:白纸黑字;单色;黑白片mown:v.割(mow的过去分词)/adj.割下的And I rushed upstairs and started packing my suitcase.然后我就跑上了楼梯打包我的行李。01:19And my mother came up and said,What on Earth are youdoing?妈妈说:“你在干什么？”01:23And I said,Im going to Budapest.我说:“我要去布达佩斯。”01:26And she said,What on Earth for?她说“为
6、什么”01:28And I said,Kids are getting killed there.我说“他们在杀害那些孩子。01:31Theres something terrible happening.有一些可怕的事正在发生。”01:33And she said,Dont be so silly.她说“别傻了。”01:35And I started to cry.然后我就开始哭。01:37And she got it,she said,Okay,I see its serious.她懂了,说,“我知道这很严重。01:39Youre much too young to help.但你太小了。
7、01:43You need training.Ill help you.你需要训练。来我帮你。01:46But just unpack your suitcase.但先把行李放下。”01:49And so I got some training and went and worked in Africaduring most of my 20s.然后我得到了一些训练 并且在20几岁时到非洲工作。01:51But I realized that what I really needed to know I couldnt getfrom training courses.但我意识到我真正需要的
8、却是我从那些训练中得不到的。01:58I wanted to understand how violence,how oppression,works.我想知道 暴力,压迫有什么作用。02:04rushed:adj.匆忙的;贸然的/v.急忙(rush的过去式);匆促 suitcase:n.轻手提箱;衣箱 unpack:vt.卸下;解除的负担/vi.打开包裹 oppression:n.压抑;镇压;压迫手段;沉闷;苦恼And what Ive discovered since is this:Bullies use violence inthree ways.我发现:恶棍使用三种暴力。02:11T
9、hey use political violence to intimidate,physical violence toterrorize and mental or emotional violence to undermine.政治暴力来威慑,肉体暴力来恐吓,以及精神暴力来摧毁。02:20And only very rarely in very few cases does it work to usemore violence.并且用更多的暴力 几乎不起作用。02:38Nelson Mandela went to jail believing in violence,and 27yea
10、rs later he and his colleagues had slowly and carefullyhoned the skills,the incredible skills,that they needed尼尔逊曼德拉在相信暴力时被送进了监狱,27年后,他和同事 已经慢慢地,很仔细地 练成了把一个穷凶极恶的政府02:45to turn one of the most vicious governments the world hasknown into a democracy.变成一个 民主政府的技能。03:02TED演讲者：Scilla Elworthy|Scilla Elwo
11、rthy演讲标题：Scilla Elworthy:Fighting with non-violence|非暴力抗争内容概要：Scilla Elworthy founded Oxford Research Group in 1982,to promote effectivedialogue between nuclear weapons policy-makers and their opponents.在面对威胁时如何以不使用武力的方式回击?在这个充满智慧的演讲中，和平活动家Scilla Elworthy解释了我们需要的技巧国家和个人都需要这些技巧来不以武力的方式对抗极端暴力。为了解答为什么非
12、暴力有效以及如何有效的问题，她引用了历史上的名人Aung San Suu Kyi，穆罕穆德.甘地，尼尔逊.曼德拉以及支撑和平抗争的个人哲学。（在TEDxExeter录制）known into a democracy.And they did it in a total devotion to non-violence.并且他们以一种完全非暴力的方式实现。03:08They realized that using force against force doesnt work.他们发现以暴制暴 不管用。03:13So what does work?那什么管用？03:25Over time Ive
13、 collected about a half-dozen methods that dowork-of course there are many more-that do work andthat are effective.在这些年里我积累了一些管用的方法 当然方法还有很多 这些方法的确管用。03:27Bullies:地痞 intimidate:vt.恐吓,威胁;胁迫 terrorize:vt.使恐怖/vi.实施恐怖统治 undermine:vt.破坏,渐渐破坏;挖掘地基 honed:adj.磨光的;亚光/v.把磨光(hone的过去式及过去分词)vicious:adj.恶毒的；恶意的；堕
14、落的；有错误的；品性不端的；剧烈的/devotion:n.献身,奉献;忠诚;热爱 non-violence:非暴力政策 half-dozen:n.半打(等于halfadozen)/adj.半打And the first is that the change that has to take place has totake place here,inside me.第一个是 该发生的改变 必须发生。03:35Its my response,my attitude,to oppression that Ive gotcontrol over,and that I can do something
15、 about.我的对压迫的反应,态度就是 我必须控制,并且我能做一些事。03:43And what I need to develop is self-knowledge to do that.我需要的就是增长知识。03:53That means I need to know how I tick,when I collapse,wheremy formidable points are,where my weaker points are.这意味着当我垮掉时 我要知道如何保持平衡,我的优点在哪,我的弱点在哪。03:57When do I give in?我什么时候屈服？04:09What w
16、ill I stand up for?我为了什么坚持？04:10And meditation or self-inspection is one of the ways-againits not the only one-its one of the ways of gaining thiskind of inner power.冥想或自我反思 是一种方式当然也不是唯一的方式 这是一种方式 来获得这种内在的力量。04:15And my heroine here-like Satishs-is Aung San Suu Kyi inBurma.我戏中的英雄是 在缅甸的Aung San SuuKy
17、i04:28She was leading a group of students on a protest in thestreets of Rangoon.她是一群在Rangoon的学生抗议团队 的领导者。04:34take place:发生;举行 self-knowledge:n.自觉,自知之明 tick:vt.标记号于;滴答地记录/n.滴答声;扁虱;记号;赊欠/vi.发出滴答声;标以记号 formidable:adj.强大的；可怕的；令人敬畏的；艰难的 meditation:n.冥想;沉思,深思 heroine:n.女主角;女英雄;女杰出人物They came around a cor
18、ner faced with a row of machineguns.他们面对一排机关枪,04:40And she realized straight away that the soldiers with theirfingers shaking on the triggers were more scared than thestudent protesters behind her.她立刻意识到 在扳机上手抖动的士兵 比学生抗议者更害怕。04:44But she told the students to sit down.但她告诉学生坐下。04:55And she walked for
19、ward with such calm and such clarity andsuch total lack of fear that she could walk right up to the firstgun,put her hand on it and lower it.然后她以出奇的冷静 无畏 走向第一个枪,把她的手放上去,把枪放下来,04:57And no one got killed.所有人都安全了。05:21So thats what the mastery of fear can do-not only facedwith machine guns,but if you m
20、eet a knife fight in the street.这就是控制恐惧能做的 不仅当面对机关枪时,更是当你在路上遇到刀战。05:24But we have to practice.但我们必须练习。05:35So what about our fear?那么我们害怕什么呢？05:37I have a little mantra.我有一箴言。05:39My fear grows fat on the energy I feed it.我越害怕,我的恐惧越大。05:44straight away:马上;即刻 shaking:n.震动,震惊;挥动,摇动/v.握手(shake的ing形式);摇动
21、;颤动 triggers:n.电子触发器;触发物(trigger的复数)/v.引起(trigger的单三形式);引爆 protesters:反对者/拒绝者/断言者(protester的名词复数)clarity:n.清楚，明晰；透明/hand on:转交;传递下去 mastery:n.掌握;精通;优势;征服;统治权 mantra:n.咒语(尤指四吠陀经典内作为咒文或祷告唱念的);颂歌www.XiYuS锡育软件And if it grows very big it probably happens.如果恐惧太大了,不好的事情就会发生了。05:49So we all know the three o
22、clock in the morning syndrome,when something youve been worrying about wakes you up-我们都知道凌晨三点综合征,当一些你担心的事把你弄醒,05:54I see a lot of people-and for an hour you toss and turn,itgets worse and worse,and by four oclock youre pinned tothe pillow by a monster this big.我看到许多人 你害怕一小时 然后他越来越厉害,在四点你被一个这么大的怪兽 钉在
23、枕头上06:01The only thing to do is to get up,make a cup of tea and sitdown with the fear like a child beside you.唯一能做的 就是起床,冲杯茶,然后和恐惧一起坐下,06:14Youre the adult.你是一个成人,06:23The fear is the child.恐惧像孩子,06:26And you talk to the fear and you ask it what it wants,what it你和恐惧说话 你问他他要什么06:28And you talk to the
24、 fear and you ask it what it wants,what itneeds.How can this be made better?这怎样变得更好06:32How can the child feel stronger?这个孩子如何变得更强壮？06:37And you make a plan.然后你有一个计划。06:39And you say,Okay,now were going back to sleep.你说“好吧,我们要睡觉了。06:40Half-past seven,were getting up and thats what weregoing to do.七点
25、半,我们再起床。”06:42I had one of these 3 a.m.episodes on Sunday-paralyzedwith fear at coming to talk to you.在周日我就有过这种经历 已经被恐惧所感到瘫痪06:46syndrome:n.临床综合征;综合症状;并发症状;校验子;并发位 pinned:adj.用针别住的;被压制的/v.牵制;用针别住;刺穿(pin的过去分词)paralyzed:adj.瘫痪的;麻痹的/v.使麻痹;使无力;使失去勇气(paralyze的过去分词)(Laughter)So I did the thing.（笑声）所以我这么做了
26、。06:56I got up,made the cup of tea,sat down with it,did it all andIm here-still partly paralyzed,but Im here.我起床,冲杯茶,坐下,做了这一切 所以我在这里仍然有些麻木,但我在这里。06:59(Applause)So thats fear.What about anger?（掌声）所以这就是恐惧。那愤怒呢？07:07Wherever there is injustice theres anger.只要有不公正就有愤怒。07:14But anger is like gasoline,and
27、 if you spray it around andsomebody lights a match,youve got an inferno.但愤怒像汽油,如果你泼出汽油,然后有人点了一个火柴,那你就在地狱里了。07:19But anger as an engine-in an engine-is powerful.但作为引擎,愤怒是很有力的。07:27If we can put our anger inside an engine,it can drive usforward,it can get us through the dreadful moments and itcan give
28、 us real inner power.如果我们能把愤怒放入引擎里,他能带我们向前,他能让我们走过悲惨的时刻,能给我们真正的内部力量。07:32And I learned this in my work with nuclear weapon policy-makers.我在和核武器政策制定者的 工作中知道了这个07:45Because at the beginning I was so outraged at the dangersthey were exposing us to that I just wanted to argue andblame and make them wron
29、g.因为一开始我对于 他们给我们带来的危险感到很愤怒 以至于我想辩论,责备,并且让他们感到错误。07:50injustice:n.不公正;不讲道义 inferno:n.阴间,地狱 dreadful:adj.可怕的；糟透的，令人不快的 policy-makers:决策者 atthe beginning:首先;从一开始;起初;从头开始 outraged:adj.义愤填膺的;愤慨的,气愤的/v.使愤怒(outrage的过去式,过去分词)exposing:n.遗弃;露体;陈列/v.揭露;展览;遭遇(expose的ing形式)Totally ineffective.根本不管用。08:02In order
30、 to develop a dialogue for change we have to dealwith our anger.为了开始一个带来改变的对话,我们需要应付我们的愤怒。08:04Its okay to be angry with the thing-the nuclear weapons inthis case-but it is hopeless to be angry with the people.对此感到愤怒很正常 也就是核武器 但对人愤怒是没有用的。08:10They are human beings just like us.他们和我们一样是人。08:21And the
31、yre doing what they think is best.他们在做他们认为对的。08:23And thats the basis on which we have to talk with them.而这就是我们和他们交流的基础。08:26So thats the third one,anger.所以这就是第三个,愤怒。08:30And it brings me to the crux of whats going on,or what Iperceive as going on,in the world today,which is that lastcentury was top
32、-down power.现在我们来到了这次演讲的核心,也就是现在在这个世界 正在发生什么,在上个世纪是由上而下的权利。08:33It was still governments telling people what to do.过去政府仍然告诉人们该做什么。08:42This century theres a shift.这个世纪有了变化。08:47Its bottom-up or grassroots power.现在是由下而上或者说草根权利。08:49Its like mushrooms coming through concrete.想从混凝土中长出的蘑菇。08:53ineffecti
33、ve:adj.无效的,失效的;不起作用的 crux:n.关键;难题;十字架形,坩埚 top-down:adj.计自顶向下;组织管理严密的grassroots:adj.基层的;草根的;乡村的/n.草根;基础 mushrooms:n.蘑菇;蕈类(mushroom的复数形式)/v.采蘑菇;蘑菇般地迅速增长(mushroom的第三人称单数形式)Its people joining up with people,as Bundy just said,milesaway to bring about change.像Bundy所说,是人和人连结在一起,来带来改变。08:56And Peace Direct
34、 spotted quite early on that local people inareas of very hot conflict know what to do.和平指导这个项目很快就发现了 在冲突发生的地区的当地人 知道该做什么。09:05They know best what to do.他们知道最好做什么。09:15So Peace Direct gets behind them to do that.所以和平指导为他们提供支持。09:17And the kind of thing theyre doing is demobilizing militias,rebuildin
35、g economies,resettling refugees,even liberatingchild soldiers.他们做的是 解散军队,重建经济,安置难民,甚至解放儿童军人。09:21And they have to risk their lives almost every day to do this.他们为这些事必须要 冒生命风险。09:36And what theyve realized is that using violence in thesituations they operate in is not only less humane,but itsless eff
36、ective than using methods that connect people with他们已经意识到了 在这些情况下使用武力 不仅更不人道,而且更没有效果,和连接每个人这种方式比起来。09:42less effective than using methods that connect people withpeople,that rebuild.And I think that the U.S.military is finally beginning to getthis.我认为美国部队 终于开始懂得这些了。10:04bring about:引起;使掉头 militias:n
37、.民兵;国民军;义勇军(militia的复数)rebuilding:n.重建/v.重建;使复原(rebuild的ing形式)resettling:n.再澄清/v.再安置(resettle的ing形式)refugees:难民 liberating:解放,释放(liberate的现在分词)humane:adj.仁慈的,人道的;高尚的Up to now their counter-terrorism policy has been to killinsurgents at almost any cost,and if civilians get in the way,thats written as
38、 collateral damage.直到现在为止他们的反恐政策 一直是不惜代价杀死暴乱的人,并且如果平民在其中得到了伤害,这会被记录为“附属伤害”。10:15And this is so infuriating and humiliating for the populationof Afghanistan,that it makes the recruitment for al-Qaedavery easy,when people are so disgusted by,for example,theburning of the Koran.这激怒并羞辱了 阿富汗人,所以,比如,当人们被焚
39、烧可兰经激怒时,基地组织的扩充 就很容易了。10:30So the training of the troops has to change.所以部队的训练必须改变。10:49And I think there are signs that it is beginning to change.我认为现在已经有改变的迹象了。10:52The British military have always been much better at this.英国部队已经做得很好了。10:57But there is one magnificent example for them to take thei
40、rcue from,and thats a brilliant U.S.lieutenant colonel calledChris Hughes.现在他们能得到一个很好的暗示,这就是一个美国陆军上尉,克里斯休。11:00And he was leading his men down the streets of Najaf-inIraq actually-and suddenly people were pouring out of thehouses on either side of the road,screaming,yelling,furiously angry,他正在带领他的人在
41、 伊拉克 一瞬间人们就从街道两旁的房屋中冲出来,尖叫,呐喊,极为愤怒,11:11counter-terrorism:反恐 insurgents:n.叛乱分子(insurgent的复数)in the way:妨碍;挡道 collateral:adj.并行的;旁系的;附属的/n.抵押品;法担保品;旁系亲属 infuriating:adj.令人大怒的/v.使发怒(infuriate的ing形式)humiliating:adj.丢脸的;羞辱性的/v.使蒙耻(humiliate的ing形式)recruitment:n.补充;征募新兵 disgusted:adj.厌恶的;厌烦的/v.使恶心;使讨厌(dis
42、gust的过去分词)lieutenant:n.中尉;副官;助理人员 pouring:v.倾泻;倾诉(pour的ing形式)/n.冶浇注;传布 furiously:adv.猛烈地;狂暴地and surrounded these very young troops who werecompletely terrified,didnt know what was going on,couldnt speak Arabic.并包围了这些已经被惊吓到的士兵,这些士兵不知道发生了什么,也不会说阿拉伯语。11:27And Chris Hughes strode into the middle of the
43、throng withhis weapon above his head,pointing at the ground,and hesaid,Kneel.克里斯休走到人群中间 把武器举在头上,指着地面,说“跪下”。11:34And these huge soldiers with their backpacks and their bodyarmor,wobbled to the ground.然后休的士兵 带着他们的背包和武装 摇晃的趴在地上。11:43And complete silence fell.然后没有一点声音。11:53And after about two minutes,ev
44、erybody moved aside andwent home.两分钟过后,人群散开并回家。11:59Now that to me is wisdom in action.这在我认为就是智慧。12:06In the moment,thats what he did.在那一刻,那就是他做的。12:12And its happening everywhere now.现在在每个地方都会发生。12:16You dont believe me?你不相信我？12:22Have you asked yourselves why and how so manydictatorships have coll
45、apsed over the last 30 years?你有没有问过自己 为什么以及有多少独裁政府 在过去30年内倒塌了？12:24Dictatorships in Czechoslovakia,East Germany,Estonia,Latvia,Lithuania,Mali,Madagascar,Poland,the Philippines,在捷克斯洛伐克,东德 爱沙尼亚,拉脱维亚,立陶宛,马里,马达加斯加,波兰,菲律宾,12:35strode:v.大步走(stride的过去式);跨越 throng:n.人群;众多/vt.群集;挤满/vi.蜂拥而至;群集/adj.拥挤的 backpac
46、ks:n.背包(backpack的复数);双肩背包 armor:n.军装甲;盔甲/vt.为装甲 wobbled:vi.摇晃;摇摆;游移不定/n.摆动;摇晃;不稳定/vt.使摇摆;使颤动;摇动 dictatorships:n.专政;独裁权;独裁者职位 collapsed:adj.倒塌的;暴跌的;收缩的;倾陷了的/v.倒塌;崩溃(collapse的过去分词);价格暴跌Serbia,Slovenia,I could go on,and now Tunisia and Egypt.塞尔维亚,斯洛维尼亚的独裁政府,我可以继续,还有现在的突尼斯和埃及。12:51And this hasnt just ha
47、ppened.这还没有发生。13:01A lot of it is due to a book written by an 80-year-old man inBoston,Gene Sharp.很多这些都是因为 一本在波士顿的80岁老人GeneSharp写的书而发生的。13:05He wrote a book called From Dictatorship to Democracy书名是“从独裁到民主”13:12with 81 methodologies for non-violent resistance.写了非暴力抗争的81种方法。13:16And its been translate
48、d into 26 languages.这本书被翻译成了26种语言。13:22Its flown around the world.现在在全世界流行。13:24And its being used by young people and older peopleeverywhere,because it works and its effective.这本书被世界各地的人使用,因为它很有效。13:26So this is what gives me hope-not just hope,this is whatmakes me feel very positive right now.这本书给
49、了我希望 不只是希望,这本书让我感觉到我是对的,13:38Because finally human beings are getting it.因为人们最后正在达到它。13:47Were getting practical,doable methodologies to answer myquestion:How do we deal with a bully without becoming athug?我们在使用实用的,可行的方法 来回答我的问题:我们在面对威胁时如何不使用暴力？13:51written by:由所写 Dictatorship:n.专政;独裁权;独裁者职位 methodo
50、logies:n.经方法论(methodology的复数形式)non-violent:adj.非暴力的 flown:v.fly的过去分词 doable:adj.可做的Were using the kind of skills that Ive outlined:inner power-the development of inner power-through self-knowledge,recognizing and working with our fear,using anger as a fuel,cooperating with others,banding together wi