《StephenHawking_2008[史蒂芬.霍金][求道 - 宇宙苍茫].pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《StephenHawking_2008[史蒂芬.霍金][求道 - 宇宙苍茫].pdf（3页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、www.XiYuS锡育软件There is nothing bigger or older than the universe.没什么比宇宙更广大更久远的了。00:14Your questions I would like to talk about are:One,where didwe come from?您们的问题中我想聊一下的是:您我何从?00:18How did the universe come into being?宇宙何来?00:29Are we alone in the universe?宇宙中就只有我们?00:32Is there alien life out there?
2、有外星异生物么?00:36What is the future of the human race?人类的未来将会如何?00:39Up until the 1920s,everyone thought the universe wasessentially static and unchanging in time.上世纪20年代之前,所有人都以为宇宙基本上是处于稳态,流金岁月,持恒不变.00:43Then it was discovered that the universe was expanding.之后我们发现原来宇宙正在膨胀中.00:51Distant galaxies were m
3、oving away from us.辽远星系一直飞离我们.00:56This meant they must have been closer together in the past.这意味着它们必定曾相靠近.00:59If we extrapolate back,we find we must have all been on topof each other about 15 billion years ago.我们若往后推算,就会发现我们必都曾於约150亿年前 互相堆叠在一起.01:06This was the Big Bang,the beginning of the univer
4、se.正是这 霹雳大爆炸-宇宙之起始.01:14But was there anything before the Big Bang?然而大爆炸前可有什么吗?01:20If not,what created the universe?若是没有,又是什么创造宇宙呢?01:23unchanging:adj.不变的 extrapolate:vt.外推;推断/vi.外推;进行推断Why did the universe emerge from the Big Bang the way itdid?宇宙缘何要从大霹雳中冒出呢?01:27We used to think that the theory o
5、f the universe could bedivided into two parts.过往我们都认为宇宙论 可分成两部分.01:32First,there were the laws like Maxwells equations andgeneral relativity that determined the evolution of theuniverse,given its state over all of space at one time.首先,是定律 像麦克斯韦方程组 和 广义相对论以其于同一刻设定整个时空之状态,而决定了宇宙之演化进程.01:39And second,t
6、here was no question of the initial state of theuniverse.次之，是对宇宙雏形 的疑问.01:52We have made good progress on the first part,and now havethe knowledge of the laws of evolution in all but the mostextreme conditions.第一部分我们取得良好进展,除了 至极端境况 以外.现在已对 演化规律于所有境况下之进程有所掌握.01:58But until recently,we have had little
7、 idea about the initialconditions for the universe.可直至最近,我们仍对宇宙初生当时之 周围条件不甚了了.02:09However,this division into laws of evolution and initialconditions depends on time and space being separate anddistinct.然而,这演化律 及 初始条件 之界分 乃囿於 时.空分明 之概念内.02:16Under extreme conditions,general relativity and quantumthe
8、ory allow time to behave like another dimension of space.而於极端条件下,广义相对论及量子论 容许“时间”如同“空间”的另一维度般运作.02:27Maxwell:n.麦克斯韦(磁通量单位)equations:n.方程式;等式;均等;均势(equation的复数形式)at one time:曾经,一度;同时all but:几乎,差一点 dimension:n.方面;数维;尺寸;次元;容积vt.标出尺寸/adj.规格的This removes the distinction between time and space andmeans th
9、e laws of evolution can also determine the initialstate.这就将 时.空之间区别移除了 即是说 演化律 亦可决定初始状态.02:39The universe can spontaneously create itself out of nothing.宇宙可以由无变有 自我创生!02:51Moreover,we can calculate a probability that the universewas created in different states.我们甚至可以计算出 宇宙在不同情况下诞生的可能性。02:55These pre
10、dictions are in excellent agreement withobservations by the WMAP satellite of the cosmicmicrowave background,which is an imprint of the very earlyuniverse.这些推论与 WMAP卫星 所观测到的宇宙微波背景辐射(即大爆炸之痕迹)相当一致.03:05We think we have solved the mystery of creation.我们相信已勘破了创造奥秘03:18Maybe we should patent the universe
11、 and charge everyoneroyalties for their existence.或许我们应将 宇宙 给注册 然后向每个生存於世的人收 生活费.03:24I now turn to the second big question:Are we alone,or is现在我转到第二个 大问题 去 宇宙中就只有我们,还是另有其它生物?03:33TED演讲者：Stephen Hawking|史蒂芬.霍金演讲标题：Asking big questions about the universe|求道-宇宙苍茫内容概要：Stephen Hawking.s scientific inves
12、tigations have shed light on the origins of thecosmos,the nature of time and the ultimate fate of the universe.His bestselling books for ageneral audience have given an appreciation of physics to millions.以TED2008的主题为出发点，史蒂芬.霍金教授提出了一些关于我们宇宙的重要问题宇宙如何开始?生命何起源?宇宙中只有我们吗?。与此同时，霍金教授也讨论了我们探究破解这些问题的途径。I now
13、 turn to the second big question:Are we alone,or isthere other life in the universe?还是另有其它生物?03:33We believe that life arose spontaneously on the Earth,so itmust be possible for life to appear on other suitable planets,of which there seem to be a large number in the galaxy.我们相信生命从地球自我衍生,故此生命确有可能出现於其
14、它合适星球-星河中看来可有不少呢.03:44removes:n.清除;印刷引语排版;迁移;差距(remove的复数)/v.除掉(remove的三单形式);搬开;迁移;脱掉 spontaneously:adv.自发地;自然地;不由自主地 predictions:n.预测,预言(prediction复数形式)observations:n.观察,观察值;观察结果;(观察后发表的)言论(observation的复数形式)cosmic:adj.宇宙的(等于cosmical)microwave:n.微波 imprint:n.印记;痕迹;特征;版本说明/vt.加特征;刻上记号 patent:vt.授予专利;
15、取得的专利权/adj.专利的;新奇的;显然的/n.专利权;执照;专利品royalties:n.版税;稿酬(royalty的复数形式)arose:vi.出现(arise的过去式);引发But we dont know how life first appeared.但我们仍未搅通生命是如何生成:03:56We have two pieces of observational evidence on theprobability of life appearing.对於生命诞生的可能契机 我们有两项观测得来的佐证.04:04首先我们有来自35亿年前 的海藻化石.04:12The earth was
16、 formed 4.6 billion years ago and was probablytoo hot for about the first half billion years.地球於46亿年前形成 头约5亿年相信仍太热了.04:19So life appeared on earth within half a billion years of itbeing possible,which is short compared to the ten billion-year lifetime of a planet of Earth-type.故此生命於 其变得可能后的5亿年间方出现,这
17、相对於像地球之类百亿年期的星体 只算是一段短时间.04:33This suggests that a probability of life appearing isreasonably high.这意味着生命出现的概率是颇高的.04:45If it was very low,one would have expected it to take most ofthe ten billion years available.若是低的话,就可预期要花尽 百亿年的绝大部分才会出现.04:50On the other hand,we dont seem to have been visited bya
18、liens.另一方面,我们似乎从未见有外星人到访.04:58I am discounting the reports of UFOs.我不信那些什么 不明物体 的报导.05:04Why would they appear only to cranks and weirdos?它们干吗要单向那些古古怪怪的人现身呢?05:07observational:adj.观测的;根据观察的 appearing:n.印刷版面高度/v.出现,显得(appear的ing形式)reasonably:adv.合理地;相当地;适度地 On the other hand:另一方面 discounting:vt.金融贴现;
19、贸易折扣;折现;计算现值(discount的现在分词)/vi.金融贴现;打折扣(discount的现在分词)cranks:n.机曲柄(crank的复数)weirdos:古怪的人/奇怪的人(weirdo的复数)If there is a government conspiracy to suppress the reportsand keep for itself the scientific knowledge the aliens bring,itseems to have been a singularly ineffective policy so far.若真有一个甚麽政府阴谋要将报导
20、打住 从而将外星人所带来之科学识据为己有,那可真像个既离奇,亦从未见效的举措.05:14Furthermore,despite an extensive search by the SETI project,we havent heard any alien television quiz shows.再说,即便SETI计划已进行广泛探索,我们还没有收听到任何外太空电视答问节目.05:27This probably indicates that there are no alien civilizations atour stage of development within a radius
21、 of a few hundredlight years.这可能昭示在我们现阶段文明发展之 方圆数百光年范围之内 并没有其它外星异文化.05:41Issuing an insurance policy against abduction by aliensseems a pretty safe bet.卖保险给那些 怕被外星人绑架的人，看来是个不错的选择。05:53This brings me to the last of the big questions:The future ofthe human race.这送我到了最后一个大问题:人类的前途.06:02If we are the on
22、ly intelligent beings in the galaxy,we shouldmake sure we survive and continue.若我们是星河里唯一智能生物,就必须确保自己能存活并延续下去.06:08But we are entering an increasingly dangerous period of ourhistory.但我们正迈入历史中一个愈发危险的时段.06:19conspiracy:n.阴谋;共谋;阴谋集团 singularly:adv.异常地;非常地;令人无法理解地 ineffective:adj.无效的,失效的;不起作用的 indicates:
23、v.表明(indicate的第三人称单数形式);指示,显示 civilizations:n.文明(civilization的复数形式)Issuing:n.发行物;争论点;期刊号/v.发行(issue的ing形式);分配;流出 abduction:n.诱拐,绑架;诱导Our population and our use of the finite resources of planetEarth are growing exponentially,along with our technicalability to change the environment for good or ill.我
24、们的人囗和对地球有限资源的耗用,正以几何级数增长,相随的 是我们将环境或弄好或弄垮的技术才能,06:23But our genetic code still carries the selfish and aggressiveinstincts that were of survival advantage in the past.至於我们的基因指令 则仍带着那自私和好斗的本质 这或有利於我们过往求存06:44It will be difficult enough to avoid disaster in the nexthundred years,let alone the next tho
25、usand or million.却又让我们於往后数百年内 人祸难逃.更别说未来千百万年了.06:52www.XiYuS锡育软件Our only chance of long-term survival is not to remainlurking on planet Earth,but to spread out into space.我们长活下去的唯一机会 不是一直呆着在地球 而是冲出太空去.07:08The answers to these big questions show that we have maderemarkable progress in the last hundr
26、ed years.这些大问题之解答 显示我们于过去数百年取得可观进展.07:17But if we want to continue beyond the next hundred years,our future is in space.可若要超越未来数百年,我们的前途在於太空.07:27our future is in space.That is why I am in favor of manned-or should I say,personed space flight.正因此，我较倾向于 人 控-(man 於英语中可单指人或男人)或许我应说,由人驾驶之太空旅航.07:34finit
27、e:adj.有限的；限定的/n.有限之物 exponentially:adv.以指数方式 instincts:n.生物本能(instinct的复数);心理直觉let alone:更不必说;听任;不打扰 long-term:adj.长期的/从长远来看 lurking:n.(新用户的)“潜伏”(在USENET上作为旁观者,不参加讨论)spread out:展开;铺开;伸张 manned:adj.有人驾驶的;有人操纵的;配备齐船员的/v.给配备人员(man的过去分词)All of my life I have sought to understand the universe andfind ans
28、wers to these questions.我一生都在探究想要了解宇宙 并找出这些问题之答案.07:42I have been very lucky that my disability has not been aserious handicap;indeed,it has probably given me moretime than most people to pursue the quest for knowledge.我一直都非常幸运 我的残疾并没造成严重障礙;说真的,这反倒让我比大部分人获得更多时间 以从事知识之追求.07:54The ultimate goal is a c
29、omplete theory of the universe,andwe are making good progress.终极目标是一套完备的宇宙论,而我们已有良好进展.08:08Thank you for listening.感谢您们的聆听.08:18Chris Anderson:Professor,if you had to guess either way,doyou now believe that it is more likely than not that we arealone in the Milky Way,as a civilization of our level o
30、fintelligence or higher?安德信:教授,若您必须二选其一作猜测,此刻您是较相信还是较不相信 我们是天河中唯一 现水平或更高水平之智能文化?08:26This answer took seven minutes,and really gave me aninsight into the incredible act of generosity this whole talkwas for TED.准备这答案已花了7分多钟,真让我深切体会到 这整个演讲为TED所付出之 让人难以置信之慷慨.08:57Stephen Hawking:I think it quite likely
31、 that we are the onlycivilization within several hundred light years;otherwise wewould have heard radio waves.霍金:我想我们应该是 数百光年范围内之独一文明;否则我们应已收听到电波.09:18disability:n.残疾;无能;无资格;不利条件 Milky:adj.乳白色的;牛奶的;乳状的;柔和的;混浊不清的 generosity:n.慷慨,大方;宽宏大量 Hawking:n.利用鹰行猎/v.袭击;翱翔;攫取(hawk的现在分词)The alternative is that civ
32、ilizations dont last very long,butdestroy themselves.另一种可能是,该等文明都维持不久,就自我毁灭掉.09:29CA:Professor Hawking,thank you for that answer.安德信:霍金教授,谢谢您的解答.09:38We will take it as a salutary warning,I think,for the rest ofour conference this week.我想,我们会将之作为 这一周余下会谈之座右铭.09:44Professor,we really thank you for th
33、e extraordinary effort youmade to share your questions with us today.教授,我们衷心感谢您今天为与我们分享您的问题所作出之卓越贡献.09:50Thank you very much indeed.真的非常感谢您.09:57(Applause)(掌声)09:58salutary:adj.有益的,有用的;有益健康的 conference:n.会议;讨论;协商;联盟;(正式)讨论会;工会,工党用语(每年的)大会/vi.举行或参加(系列)会议*Warning:本文是由生成导出，请用于个人学习，不要用于商业用途。否则，导致的一切法律后果，均由您个人承担，锡育软件概不负责。*