MeganKamerick_2011X[梅根麦克里克][女性应该在媒体上代表女性].pdf

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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件Like most journalists,Im an idealist.正如所有记者一样,我是个理想主义者。00:13I love unearthing good stories,especially untold stories.热爱发掘好故事,尤其是那些未曾被讲述过的。00:16I just didnt think that,in 2011,women would still be in thatcategory.我只是无法想象即使在2011年 女性仍然处在这一行列(未曾讲述的故事)。00:21Im the President of the Journalism

2、&Women Symposium,JAWS.Thats Sharky.(Laughter)I joined 10 years ago becauseI wanted female role models,and I was frustrated by thelagging status of women我是记者与女性论坛的主席,我们论坛简称“大白鲨”(JAWS)那是鲨鲨(笑声)十年前,我加入这个论坛,因为我期望有女性榜样的诞生,但是我为此烦透了心,因为从事记者这一职业的女性地位并不受人重视00:26in our profession,and what that meant for our im

3、age in themedia.同样的,这也体现在我们在新闻媒体上的不受重视性 大部分媒体都是这样00:39We make up half the population of the world,but were just24 percent of the news subjects quoted in news stories,andwere just 20 percent of the experts quoted in stories,andnow,with todays technology,its possible to remove womenfrom the picture co

4、mpletely.我们女性占世界一半人口 作为新闻话题在新闻故事中被提及次数的百分比只有24%数据引自新闻报道 报道中引用的专家采访中仅有20%是来自女性的,而且如今科技这么发达 女人们完全可能从报道中被踢出来00:44journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数)idealist:n.空想家,理想主义者;唯心主义者/adj.理想主义的;唯心主义的unearthing:vt.发掘;揭露,发现;从洞中赶出 untold:adj.数不清的;未说过的;未透露的;无限的 Journalism:n.新闻业,新闻工作;报章杂志 Symposium:n.讨论会,座谈会;专题论文集;酒宴,

5、宴会 frustrated:adj.失意的,挫败的;泄气的/v.挫败;阻挠(frustrate的过去式和过去分词形式)lagging:n.绝缘层材料/adj.落后的 quoted:v.引证(quote的过去式)This is a picture of President Barack Obama and his advisorstracking the killing of Osama bin Laden.这是一张奥巴马总统 和他的顾问们在追捕本拉登时候的照片,01:00You can see Hillary Clinton on the right.在照片的右边,您可以看到希拉里-克林顿,0

6、1:07Lets see how the photo ran in an Orthodox Jewishnewspaper based in Brooklyn.不过,让我们一起来看看这张照片 在布鲁克林一家正统犹太教的报纸上发行的情况,01:09Hillarys completely gone.(Laughter)The paper apologizedbut said it never runs photos of women.希拉里不见了!(全场笑)这家报纸事后对此表示了歉意,但是他们仍然坚持称 我们就不登女人的照片!01:14They might be sexually provocat

7、ive.(Laughter)This is anextreme case,yes,but the fact is,women are only 19 percentof the sources in stories on politics,and only 20 percent instories on the economy.可能是因为他们太饥渴了(全场笑)是的,或许这是个极端案例,但是事实上,只有19%的女性会在政治话题的报道中被采访,在经济报道中也仅占20%出镜率。01:22The news continues to give us a picture where menoutnumbe

8、r women in nearly all occupational categoriesexcept two:students and homemakers.(Laughter)这些重男轻女的新闻报道不断地描绘出男性的数量在几乎所有职业中都超过女性,除了两项,那就是:学生和家庭主妇。(全场笑)01:37So we all get a very distorted picture of reality.于是我们得到了与事实完全不相符的,缺少了我们女性当家做主的新闻报道01:48advisors:n.顾问,指导教授,劝告者(advisor的复数形式)bin:n.箱子,容器;二进制/vt.把放入箱

9、中 Laden:adj.负载的;装满的;苦恼的/vt.装载(等于lade)/vi.装载(等于lade)/v.装载(lade的过去分词)Orthodox:adj.正统的;传统的;惯常的;东正教的/n.正统的人;正统的事物 provocative:adj.刺激的,挑拨的;气人的/n.刺激物,挑拨物;兴奋剂 outnumber:vt.数目超过;比多occupational:adj.职业的;占领的 homemakers:n.主妇 distorted:adj.歪曲的;受到曲解的/v.扭曲(distort的过去式和过去分词)The problem is,of course,there arent enou

10、gh women innewsrooms.当然,问题可能是 编辑部里女性太少了。01:52They reported just 37 percent of stories in print,TV andradio.仅有37%的新闻是由女性播报的,无论是在纸媒、还是电视、还是广播中。01:55Even in stories on gender-based violence,men get anoverwhelming majority of print space and airtime.即便是那些关于与性别相关的暴力事件,男性在占了绝大多数的报道版面 和播放时间。02:00Case in po

11、int,this March,the New York Times ran a story byJames McKinley about a gang rape of a young girl,11 yearsold,in a small Texas town.举个例子来说,今年3月,纽约时报的 詹姆士-麦金雷报道了一起一群人轮奸一名小女孩的故事,受害的小女孩年仅11岁,事情发生在德克萨斯的一座小镇。02:07McKinley writes that the communitys wondering,How麦金雷写道:社区的百姓不禁疑惑,“自家的男孩子怎么会被卷入这种事?”02:16TED演讲

12、者:Megan Kamerick|梅根麦克里克演讲标题:Megan Kamerick:Women should represent women in media|女性应该在媒体上代表女性内容概要:Reporter Megan Kamerick fights for well-balanced storytelling in media.你如何讲述关于女性的故事?不妨让女性自己来说吧。在TEDxABQ演讲上,梅根麦克里克告诉大家女性在新闻媒体中地位不足,无论是作为记者还是作为受访者,都没有占据充分的一席之地,因此故事的真相往往难以被真实还原。(拍摄于TEDxABQ)McKinley writes

13、 that the communitys wondering,Howcould their boys have been drawn into this?怎么会被卷入这种事?”02:16Drawn into this,like they were seduced into committingan act of violence.“卷入这种事”说得好像他们 多无辜多纯洁,是被人引诱迫不得已才出此下策欺负小女孩似的02:23And the first person he quotes says,These boys will have tolive with this the rest of t

14、heir lives.记者引用的第一位受访者如是说:“这些男孩恐怕后半辈子都要活在这件事的阴影中了。”02:28(Crowd reacts)You dont hear much about the 11-year-oldvictim,except that she wore clothes that were a little old forher and she wore makeup.(全场唏嘘)大家没有听到与11岁的受害者相关的描述,除了写她穿着比较成熟(比她年龄看起来略大一些),还有就是她化妆了。02:32newsrooms:n.新闻编辑部;报刊阅览室 overwhelming:adj

15、.压倒性的;势不可挡的/v.压倒;淹没(overwhelm的ing形式);制服 airtime:n.电影或电视节目开始的时间 seduced:vt.引诱;诱惑;诱奸;怂恿 quotes:n.引用,引号;报价(quote的复数)/v.报价(quote的第三人称单数);引用;复述 makeup:n.化妆品;组成;补充;补考The Times was deluged with criticism.于是,外界对纽约时报指责如潮。02:44Initially,it defended itself,and said,These arent our views.起初,纽约时报为自己辩护说:“这些不代表我们的

16、观点,02:47This is what we found in our reporting.这是被访者说的。”02:50Now,heres a secret you probably know already:Your storiesare constructed.但是,您或许知道,故事是记者写的,02:52As reporters,we research,we interview.我们作为记者,会做调研、进行采访,02:57We try to give a good picture of reality.从而还原事情的真相。03:00We also have our own unconsc

17、ious biases,but the Timesmakes it sound like anyone would have reported this storythe same way.我们也会带有一些无意识的偏见,但是纽约时报的回答听起来就像 任何人报道这件事都会这么说。03:03I disagree with that.我认为不然。03:11So three weeks later,the Times revisits the story.三周后,纽约时报重新报道了这起事件。03:13This time,it adds another byline to it with McKinle

18、ys:EricaGoode.这次,麦金雷旁边还有一个署名:艾丽卡-古德。03:16What emerges is a truly sad,horrific tale of a young girl andher family trapped in poverty.这对一个年轻姑娘和她的家庭来说无疑是悲恸、可怕的,何况她的家还处于贫困之中。03:21deluged:n.洪水;泛滥;暴雨/vt.使泛滥;压倒 Initially:adv.最初,首先;开头 defended:法辩护 constructed:vt.构造,建造;创立,构筑;搭建(construct的过去分词)reporters:n.记者(

19、reporter的复数)unconscious:adj.无意识的;失去知觉的;不省人事的;未发觉的 biases:n.偏差,偏见(bias的复数形式)/v.偏见(bias的三单形式)revisits:vt.重游;再访;重临/n.再访问 byline:n.标题下署名之行;铁路支线;副业/vt.署名 emerges:vi.浮现;摆脱;暴露 horrific:adj.可怕的;令人毛骨悚然的She was raped numerous times by many men.她被很多男人奸污了很多次。03:28She had been a bright,easygoing girl.她聪明可爱,与人为善,

20、03:31She was maturing quickly,physically,but her bed was stillcovered with stuffed animals.成熟、发育得比较早,但她的床上还放满了毛绒玩具。03:33Its a very different picture.大家可以看到,报道完全是另一派景象了。03:39Perhaps the addition of Ms.Goode is what made this storymore complete.或许出自古德女士之手,这样一描绘,故事才得以完整地还原出真实面貌。03:40The Global Media Mo

21、nitoring Project has found that storiesby female reporters are more likely to challenge stereotypesthan those by male reporters.全球媒体监测项目发现 女性记者的报道更可能 挑战男记者报道的思维定势。03:45At KUNM here in Albuquerque,Elaine Baumgartel did somegraduate research on the coverage of violence againstwomen.在阿尔伯克基,研究生伊莱恩鲍姆加特尔

22、做了一些调研,关于女性受害者 在暴力事件中的报道与曝光。03:52What she found was many of these stories tend to blamevictims and devalue their lives.她发现,许多类似故事 都有指责女性被害者,并贬低他们生命之嫌。03:58They tend to sensationalize,and they lack context.他们倾向于炒作,但又缺乏事件的背景。04:04So for her graduate work,she did a three-part series on themurder of 11

23、women found buried on Albuquerques WestMesa.因此,在她的研究生毕业论文中,她做了一个系列报道,内容包含3个部分,报道是关于11位女性被谋杀后被发现埋尸于阿尔伯克基的西台地。04:07easygoing:adj.悠闲的;逍遥自在的;脾气随和的;不严肃的 maturing:n.老化;成熟酌;(陶瓷的)烧成/v.成熟(mature的ing形式);到期 stuffed:已经喂饱了的;塞满了的 Monitoring:n.监视,自监控;检验,检查/v.监视,通信军监听,监督(monitor的ing形式)stereotypes:vt.使用铅版;套用老套,使一成不变

24、/n.陈腔滥调,老套;铅版 devalue:vt.使贬值;降低的价值/vi.贬值sensationalize:vt.以耸人听闻的手法处理;使引起轰动 Mesa:n.台地;地理平顶山She tried to challenge those patterns and stereotypes in herwork,and she tried to show the challenges that journalistsface,from external sources,their own internal biases,andcultural norms,她尝试挑战那些陈词滥调,在她的作品中,她展

25、现了记者面临的诸多挑战,包括外部信息来源的,他们自己内部的偏见,以及文化规范等等,04:14and she worked with an editor at National Public Radio to tryto get a story aired nationally.她与一位国家公共电台的编导合作,尝试把故事在全国范围内播出。04:26Shes not sure that would have happened if the editor hadnot been a female.她难以想象结果会是怎样,如果那位编导不是女性的话。04:31Stories in the news ar

26、e more than twice as likely to presentwomen as victims than men,and women are more likely tobe defined by their body parts.新闻被曝光的可能性会提高一倍,如果受害者是女性的话,女性也更易被 自身身体特征所界定。04:35Wired magazine,November 2010.连线杂志,2010年11月。04:45Yes,the issue was about breast tissue engineering.是的,这期杂志是关于乳房组织工程的。04:48Now,I kn

27、ow youre all distracted,so Ill take that off.(Laughter)Eyes up here.(Laughter)So-(Applause)我知道现在各位的注意力都被此吸引了,所以我决定把它关掉。(全场笑)请看这边。(全场笑)所以。(鼓掌)04:52Heres the thing.事情是这样的。05:05www.XiYuS锡育软件Wired almost never puts women on its cover.连线杂志几乎从来不把女性用于杂志封面。05:07Oh,there have been some gimmicky ones.对了,曾经有过一

28、些小小的把戏。05:10Pam from The Office.在办公室的帕姆。05:12norms:n.标准标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式)nationally:adv.全国性地;以国民立场地;举国一致地Manga girls.漫画版的女孩。05:14A voluptuous model covered in synthetic diamonds.满身合成钻石的妖娆模特。05:15Texas State University professor Cindy Royal wondered in herblog,How are young women like her students su

29、pposed tofeel about their roles in technology reading Wired?德克萨斯州立大学辛迪-罗伊教授 在博客中疑惑地写道:“年轻女性,比如说她自己的学生,如何能通过连线杂志感觉到自己在科技中的地位?”05:19Chris Anderson,the editor of Wired,defended his choice andsaid,there arent enough women,prominent women intechnology to sell a cover,to sell an issue.连线杂志主编克里斯-安德森捍卫自己的编排

30、,解释道:没有足够的女性以及知名女性 在科技领域,无法有足够选择用作封面,也很难让杂志畅销。05:29Part of that is true.There arent as many prominent women intechnology.这句话说对了一部分。确实没有很多 知名的女性在科技领域。05:39Heres my problem with that argument.我认为问题是05:42Media tells us every day whats important,by the stories theychoose and where they place them.媒体天天都告

31、诉我们什么是重要的,通过他们编选的故事和排版的位置。05:45Its called agenda-setting.这称之为日程设置。05:50How many people knew the founders of Facebook andGoogle before their faces were on a magazine cover?有多少人知道Facebook网的创始人 还有谷歌的创始人?在他们没有登上杂志封面之前?05:52Putting them there made them more recognizable.在杂志上曝光后,他们受到更多认可。05:57Manga:n.日本漫画

32、 voluptuous:adj.撩人的;骄奢淫逸的;沉溺酒色的 synthetic:adj.综合的;合成的,人造的/n.合成物recognizable:adj.可辨认的;可认识的;可承认的Now,Fast Company Magazine embraces that idea.如今,快速公司杂志采纳了这个想法。06:00This is its cover from November 15,2010.这是它们2010年11月15日的杂志封面。06:03The issue is about the most prominent and influential womenin technology.

33、这期杂志是关于最有名、最具影响力的 科技界女性。06:06Editor Robert Safian told the Poynter Institute,Silicon Valleyis very white and very male,but thats not what FastCompany thinks the business world编辑罗伯特-萨凡告诉波因特研究所,“硅谷是白人和男人的天下,但是快速公司杂志不这么认为,快速公司杂志认为商务世界06:10will look like in the future,so it tries to give a picture of wh

34、erethe globalized world is moving.是未来,因此它们会尝试 呈现未来全球化世界的发展图景。”06:19By the way,apparently Wired took all this to heart.顺便说一下,连线杂志似乎也明显意识到这一点了。06:25This was its issue in April.(Laughter)Thats Limor Fried,thefounder of Adafruit Industries,in the Rosie the Riveter pose.这是它们四月份的杂志。(全场笑)这是李默弗雷德,艾达福特工业公司创始

35、人,摆了个二战时期美国女性的标志性动作。06:28It would help to have more women in positions of leadershipin the media.A recent global survey found that 73 percentof the top media management jobs are still held by men.女性在媒体行业领导层占据的席位将更多。近期,一项全球性的调研发现 73%顶尖媒体企业的管理层 都是男性。06:37But this is also about something far more compl

36、ex:our ownunconscious biases and blind spots.但是这也表现了另一件更为复杂的事:那就是我们自己潜意识的偏见和盲点。06:47embraces:vt.拥抱;信奉,皈依;包含/vi.拥抱/n.拥抱 globalized:vt.使全球化 Fried:adj.油炸的,油煎的;喝醉了的/v.油炸(fry的过去分词)Riveter:n.铆钉枪;铆工 survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览/vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰/vi.测量土地Shankar Vedantam is the author of The Hidden Brain:HowOur Unconsciou

37、s Minds Elect Presidents,Control Markets,Wage Wars,and Save Our Lives.尚卡尔沃单谭,著有隐藏的大脑:我们的潜意识是如何选举总统,控制市场,打响价格战,拯救自己的?一书。06:54He told the former ombudsman at National Public Radio,who was doing a report on how women fare in NPR coverage,他告诉一位 国家公共广播电台(NPR)的前监督员,那位监督员当时正在 报道女性在NPR中的身影,他说道:潜意识几乎无时不在、无处不

38、在,07:01who was doing a report on how women fare in NPR coverage,unconscious bias flows throughout most of our lives.他说道:潜意识几乎无时不在、无处不在,07:01Its really difficult to disentangle those strands.要想解开这团迷线非常困难。07:12But he did have one suggestion.但他提出一项建议。07:15He used to work for two editors who said every

39、story had tohave at least one female source.他曾经与两位编辑共事,他们说过 每个故事至少得有一个信息来源是来自女性的。07:17He balked,at first,but said he eventually followed thedirective happily because his stories got better and his jobgot easier.一开始他有些犹豫,但最后,他 还是按照这一原则做了,效果很喜人,他的故事越写越好,工作也变得容易了许多。07:24Now,I dont know if one of the ed

40、itors was a woman,but thatcan make the biggest differences.我不知道是否其中一位是女编辑,但是那确实产生了很大的影响。07:32The Dallas Morning News won a Pulitzer Prize in 1994 for aseries it did on women around the world,but one of thereporters told me shes convinced it never would havehappened if they had not had a female assis

41、tant foreigneditor,达拉斯早报在1994年曾荣获过普利策新闻奖,获奖的系列是关于全球女性的。但是其中一位记者告诉我,她很确信 他们不会成功,如果不是 没有一位女性境外记者的帮助,07:37ombudsman:n.监察专员(专门负责调查人民对政府各部门控告案件的官员);视察官 disentangle:vi.解决;松开;解开纠结;解决(纠纷)/vt.解开;松开;使解脱 strands:n.线;绳索(strand的复数形式)/v.搁浅;使处于困境(strand的第三人称单数形式)balked:n.障碍;错误/vt.阻止;推诿;错过/vi.犹豫;突然止步不前 directive:n.

42、指示;指令/adj.指导的;管理的and they would not have gotten some of those storieswithout female reporters and editors on the ground,particularly one on female genital mutilation.他们根本无法获得那些故事,如果没有那些在一线的女记者和女编辑,尤其是一篇关于切割女性生殖器官的报道。07:51Men would just not be allowed into those situations.男性是无法接近那些场合的。07:59This is a

43、n important point to consider,because much of ourforeign policy now revolves around countries where thetreatment of women is an issue,such as Afghanistan.这也是很重要的一点考虑因素,因为如今很多外国政策都 在女性问题上有一定的回旋余地,例如阿富汗。08:02What were told in terms of arguments against leaving thiscountry is that the fate of the women

44、 is primary.我们所知道的关于撤境的说法是 女性可以优先撤离,08:14Now Im sure a male reporter in Kabul can find women tointerview.Not so sure about rural,traditional areas,where Imguessing women cant talk to strange men.所有我确定男性记者在坎布尔能找到女性 做采访。但不确定农村或传统地域也是如此,那些地方恐怕女性是无法跟陌生男子说话的。08:22Its important to keep talking about this

45、in light of LaraLogan.这件事的持续报道很重要,想想拉腊洛根,08:33She was the CBS News correspondent who was brutallysexually assaulted in Egypts Tahrir Square right after thisphoto was taken.她曾是CBS新闻记者,但是在埃及解放广场残忍地受到性侵犯 这张照片拍摄之际08:37genital:adj.生殖的;生殖器的/n.生殖器;外阴部 mutilation:n.毁损;残缺;切断 point to:指向;表明 revolves:vi.旋转;循环出

46、现;反复考虑/vt.使旋转;使循环;反复考虑/n.旋转;循环;旋转舞台 in terms of:依据;按照;在方面;以措词 in light of:根据;鉴于;从观点 correspondent:n.通讯记者;客户;通信者;代理商行 brutally:adv.残忍地;野蛮地;兽性地 assaulted:v.强奸(assault的过去分词);攻击;袭击Almost immediately,pundits weighed in blaming her andsaying things like,You know,maybe women shouldnt besent to cover those

47、stories.资深媒体人几乎同时都一拥而入 批评她,说她:“你知道吗,女性不应该被派遣到这种地方做播报”08:44I never heard anyone say this about Anderson Cooper andhis crew who were attacked covering the same story.我从未听到任何人如此评论安德森库伯 和他的新闻团队,他们也播报了同样的新闻。08:53One way to get more women into leadership is to have otherwomen mentor them.让女性更容易进入领导阶层的一个方法

48、是 让其他女性指导她们。09:00One of my board members is an editor at a major globalmedia company,but she never thought about this as a careerpath until she met female role models at JAWS.我的一位董事局成员是一家 全球媒体公司的一位编辑,她从未想过 自己能迈入这条职业发展轨迹,直到她遇见了一位犹太的女榜样。09:05But this is not just a job for super-journalists,or myorgani

49、zation.You all have a stake in a strong,vibrant media.但这对于一名杰出记者或我的公司来说不只是一份工作。你们所有人都拥有权利在强势、多变的媒体里。09:14Analyze your news,and speak up when there are gapsmissing in coverage like people at the New York Times did.分析你所看到的新闻,如果发现有差异,尽管说出自己的看法 把自己当做纽约时报的记者,09:22Suggest female sources to reporters and e

50、ditors.向记者和编辑朋友推荐女性信息来源。09:28pundits:权威(pundit的复数)Cooper:vi.箍桶;修桶/n.制桶工人;修桶匠/vt.箍桶;制桶 mentor:n.指导者,良师益友/vt.指导have a stake in:与利害攸关 vibrant:adj.振动的;充满生气的;响亮的;战栗的 speak up:更大声地说;无保留地说出 gaps:n.差异,缺口;缝隙(gap的复数形式)/v.裂开;使豁裂(gap的第三人称单数形式)Remember,a complete picture of reality may depend uponit.请记住:事实的完整真相

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