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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件I grew up in Europe,and World War II caught me when I wasbetween seven and 10 years old.我在欧洲长大 那时正好是二战时期 我是7岁到10岁的光景00:12And I realized how few of the grown-ups that I knew wereable to withstand the tragedies that the war visited on them-how few of them could even resemble a normal,cont
2、ented,我体会到 身边的大人 没有几个能够经受得起战争带给他们的创伤 很少可以重建起一种正常的、舒心的00:21satisfied,happy life once their job,their home,their securitywas destroyed by the war.满意的、快乐的生活 因为他们的工作、家庭以及安全都因为战争而失去00:46So I became interested in understanding what contributedto a life that was worth living.于是我开始对 什么元素的注入可以丰富人们的生活这一话题发生兴趣
3、00:57And I tried,as a child,as a teenager,to read philosophy andto get involved in art and religion and many other ways that Icould see as a possible answer to that question.那是我还是孩子 不过也开始读哲学的书 并且尝试过艺术、宗教等各种我认为 可以为我解开谜团的途径01:05And finally I ended up encountering psychology by chance.最终则是意外的与心理学结了缘01:
4、23Actually I was at a ski resort in Switzerland without anymoney to actually enjoy myself,because the snow hadmelted and there was-那次我去到了瑞士的一个滑雪胜地 身上分文都没有 我是去那玩的 那时雪已消融01:32grown-ups:n.成人(grown-up的复数形式)tragedies:n.悲剧(tragedy的复数)resemble:vt.类似,像 contented:adj.满足的;心安的/v.使满足;使安心(content的过去式和过去分词)contri
5、buted:adj.贡献的,分配的;已缴入的/v.有助于,贡献(contribute的过去分词)encountering:遭遇/邂逅/特殊经历 psychology:n.心理学;心理状态 by chance:偶然;意外地ski:n.滑雪橇/vi.滑雪/adj.滑雪(用)的 melted:adj.融化的;溶解的/v.融化;溶解(melt的过去式)I didnt have money to go to a movie,but I found that on the-I read in the newspapers that there was to be apresentation by some
6、one in a place that Id seen in thecenter of Zurich,and it was about flying saucers he wasgoing to talk.我没钱去看电影 但是我从报纸上看到说 将会有一场演讲 地点是苏黎世市中心一个我去过的地方 他要讲的是飞碟01:45And I thought,well,since I cant go to the movies,at least Iwill go for free to listen to flying saucers.我就想 既然不能去看电影 但至少可以去听一下这个讲飞碟的演讲吧02:07
7、And the man who talked at that evening lecture was veryinteresting.那晚上的演讲非常有趣02:15And it-actually,instead of talking about little green men,he talked about how the psyche of the Europeans had beentraumatized by the war and now theyre projecting flyingsaucers into the sky,kind of as a-他没有讲绿色皮肤的外星人 他讲
8、到欧洲人的心灵如何因为 二战而受到了创伤 因而就以放飞碟来自娱02:24he talked about how the mandalas of ancient Hindu religionwere kind of projected into the sky as an attempt to regainsome sense of order after the chaos of war.他还讲到古代印度的曼荼罗 也是在战后 被人扔到天空 以此来重新建立一种秩序02:40And this seemed very interesting to me.我对此很感兴趣02:56saucers:(放茶
9、杯的)浅碟/茶托/茶碟(saucer的复数)psyche:n.灵魂;心智 traumatized:adj.心理受到创伤的/v.使受创伤(traumatize的过去式和过去分词)projecting:adj.突出的;伸出的/v.使突出(project的现在分词);计划;发射 projected:adj.投影的,投射/v.投射(project的过去分词);计划 regain:vt.恢复;重新获得;收回/vi.上涨/n.收复;取回And I started reading his books after that lecture.于是就开始读相关的书02:59And that was Carl Ju
10、ng,whose name or work I had no ideaabout.那人的名字是荣格 而那时我还不知道这个名字03:02Then I came to this country to study psychology and I startedtrying to understand these roots of happiness.后来就到了美国学习心理学 我开始探寻幸福之本源03:10This is a typical result that many people have presented,andthere are many variations on it.这是很多人都
11、展示过的一个结果 有很多个版本03:20But this,for instance,shows that about 30 percent of thepeople surveyed in the United States since 1956 say thattheir life is very happy.而这一个则显示 自1956年有调查记录以来 有30%的美国受访公民 说他们的生活非常快乐03:28And that hasnt changed at all.这一点几乎没有变03:40Whereas the personal income,on a scale that has bee
12、n held但是同一时期的人均收入则增加了 两倍以上 接近三倍 这一统计已经是把通货膨胀算进去了03:42TED演讲者：Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi|米哈里.契克森米哈演讲标题：Creativity,fulfillment and flow|谈流动内容概要：Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has contributed pioneering work to our understanding ofhappiness,creativity,human fulfillment and the notion of flow-a state of heightened
13、 focusand immersion in activities such as art,play and work.米哈里.契克森米哈提出这样一个问题:“什么样的生活才是值得过的?”金钱并不能增进我们的幸福值，米哈里.契克森米哈则通过对那些追求长久满足与快乐的人的研究，带出对“流动”这样一个心理状态的探讨。Whereas the personal income,on a scale that has been heldconstant to accommodate for inflation,has more thandoubled,almost tripled,in that perio
14、d.三倍 这一统计已经是把通货膨胀算进去了03:42But you find essentially the same results,namely,that after acertain basic point which corresponds more or less to just afew 1,000 dollars above the minimum poverty level,increasesin material well-being dont seem to affect how happypeople are.可是 结果基本是一致的 就是说 到了温饱线之上1000美元之后
15、的某个点 收入的增加不会影响人们的幸福值03:54variations:n.变奏曲,变更;生物变种(variation的复数形式)surveyed:v.调查,俯视(survey的过去式和过去分词形式);考察,调研 accommodate:vt.容纳;使适应;供应;调解/vi.适应;调解 tripled:adj.三倍的;三方的/n.三倍数;三个一组/vi.增至三倍/vt.使成三倍 corresponds:vi.符合,一致;相应;通信 more or less:或多或少 well-being:n.幸福;康乐And,in fact,you can find that the lack of basi
16、c resources,material resources,contributes to unhappiness,but theincrease in material resources do not increase happiness.而基本生活物资之匮乏 则会导致不幸福 但持续的物质财富之增长并不会带来更大的幸福04:14So my research has been focused more on-after finding outthese things that actually corresponded to my ownexperience,I tried to under
17、stand now,where in everyday life,in our normal experience,do we feel really happy.所以 当我发现这些东西与我自身的经历相吻合时我在后来的研究里 就开始询问 在正常的日常生活中 我们怎么才会感到幸福04:30And to start that-those studies about 40 years ago,I beganto look at creative people-first artists and scientists and soforth-trying to understand研究刚开始的时候 我
18、寻找那些有创意的人士 首先是艺术家、科学家04:54what made them feel that it was worth essentially spendingtheir life doing things for which many of them didnt expecteither fame or fortune,but which made their life meaningfuland worth doing.我尝试找到 是什么让他们感觉自己的一生是值得的 他们做的很多事情都不能带来荣誉和财富 但那样的事情使得他们的人生充满意义05:09This was one of t
19、he leading composers of American musicback in the 70s.这是1970年代美国最出色的一位作曲家05:30And the interview was 40 pages long.我跟他的对话记录长达40页05:36But this little excerpt is a very good summary of what he wassaying during the interview.而这一段则是一个很好的总结 是对他的发言的总结05:39contributes:图情投稿/经捐助/经捐献(contribute的第三人称单数)correspo
20、nded:v.符合;通信(correspond的过去分词);相当 composers:n.作曲家;作曲者(composer的复数形式)excerpt:n.摘录,引用/vt.引用,摘录/vi.摘录,引用And it describes how he feels when composing is going well.它描绘出作曲家在写曲子时的感受05:47And he says by describing it as an ecstatic state.他讲的时候也是一种狂喜的状态05:52Now ecstasy in Greek meant simply to stand to the si
21、de ofsomething.而狂喜一词在希腊语里的意思是 站在某个东西的边上05:56And then it became essentially an analogy for a mental statewhere you feel that you are not doing your ordinaryeveryday routines.后来就成为一种心智状态的代名词 用来形容非正常的行为06:01So ecstasy is essentially a stepping into an alternative reality.换言之 狂喜就是一种超越寻常的感觉06:14And its i
22、nteresting,if you think about it,how,when we thinkabout the civilizations that we look up to as having beenpinnacles of human achievement-whether its China,Greece,Hindu civilization,有趣的是 当我们想起 那些被公认为人类文明之巅峰的文明时 不管是在中国、希腊或者是印度06:20or the Mayas,or Egyptians-what we know about them isreally about their
23、 ecstasies,not about their everyday life.或玛雅、或埃及 我们所听说的 都是关于他们的狂喜的故事 而不是他们日常生活的琐事06:36composing:n.组成;印刷排字/adj.起镇静作用的/v.组成;写作(compose的ing形式)describing:v.描述;表示(describe的ing形式)/adj.描述的 ecstatic:adj.狂喜的;入迷的/n.狂喜的人 ecstasy:n.狂喜;入迷;忘形 stand to:遵守,坚持 analogy:n.类比；类推；类似 routines:n.常规,惯例(routine的复数);日常生活;日常活
24、动 civilizations:n.文明(civilization的复数形式)look up to:尊敬 pinnacles:n.尖峰;顶峰;尖塔(pinnacle的复数形式)/v.将至于极高的位置;筑小尖塔(pinnacle的第三人称单数形式)ecstasies:n.狂喜;入迷;忘形We know the temples they built so-where people couldcome to experience a different reality.我们知道他们建了大型的殿堂 人们可以去到那样的地方去感受不一样的现实06:46We know about the circuses,
25、the arenas,the theaters-these are the remains of civilizations and they are the placesthat people went to experience life in a more concentrated,more ordered form.还有马戏团的故事 斗兽场 戏院 这些都是文明之遗迹 也是当时的人们经常光顾的地方 他们去到那里去体验一种更加紧凑 更具节奏的生活06:51Now,this man doesnt need to go to a place like this,which isalso-thi
26、s place,this arena,which is built like a Greekamphitheatre,is a place for ecstasy also.这个人不需要去到这样的地方 这里 这块地方 就像一个古希腊的斗兽场 也是一个狂欢之地07:14We are participating in a reality which is different from thatof everyday life that were used to.我们参与进去 所体验到的 与日常生活完全不一样07:26But this man doesnt need to go to there.但
27、这并不意味着我们必须去到那样的地方07:33He needs just a piece of paper where he can put down littlemarks,and as he does that,he can imagine sounds that hadnot existed before in that particular combination.这位作曲家只需一张纸 就能够把整个乐曲写下来与此同时 他在脑海里想象 一种从未有过的特殊的声音的组合07:36circuses:n.马戏团;有趣但无意义的事(circus的复数)arenas:n.竞技场(arena的复数形式)
28、;角斗场 theaters:n.影剧院,剧院(theater复数)concentrated:adj.集中的;浓缩的;全神贯注的/v.集中(concentrate的过去分词)arena:n.舞台;竞技场amphitheatre:n.圆形剧场;阶梯教室(等于amphitheater)participating:adj.由多人一起参加的;(股票等)持有人有权分享利益的/v.参加(participate的ing形式)put down:镇压;记下;贬低;制止So once he gets to that point of beginning to create-likeJennifer did in h
29、er improvisation-a new reality,that is amoment of ecstasy.只要他开始真正要创作 就像刚才珍妮弗的即兴演奏 他就进入了一种新的现实 进入狂喜07:52He enters that different reality.那是不一样的现实08:06Now he says also that this is so intense an experience that itfeels almost as if he didnt exist.他说 那是一种非常紧凑的体验 他似乎也感觉不到自己的存在08:09And that sounds like a
30、 kind of a romantic exaggeration.这也许有点夸张08:16But actually,our nervous system is incapable of processingmore than about 110 bits of information per second.但事实上我们的神经系统是无法 在一秒的时间里同时处理超过110比特的信息08:22And in order to hear me and understand what Im saying,you need to process about 60 bits per second.你在听我说话
31、 并且尝试去理解其中的意思 这就相当于处理60比特的信息08:31Thats why you cant hear more than two people.所以说 同时听到两个以上的人的会话是不可能的08:39You cant understand more than two people talking to you.你不可能同时做到这一点08:42www.XiYuS锡育软件Well,when you are really involved in this completelyengaging process of creating something new,as this mandoes
32、,he doesnt have enough attention left over to monitorhow his body feels,or his problems at home.假如你真的是全身心的投入此间 像这位作曲家那样去创造一种新的东西 就不可能再有精力 去感知他的身体在那一刻发生的变化08:45improvisation:n.即兴创作;即席演奏 exaggeration:n.夸张;夸大之词;夸张的手法 incapable:adj.不能的;无能力的;不能胜任的 engaging:adj.迷人的/v.参加(engage的ing形式);保证;雇用He cant feel eve
33、n that hes hungry or tired.不知饥饿与劳累09:09His body disappears,his identity disappears from hisconsciousness,because he doesnt have enough attention,like none of us do,to really do well something that requires alot of concentration and at the same time to feel that heexists.似乎整个躯体都消失了 在他的意识里不再有自己的存在 他没有
34、那么多精力 事实上我们某个人都不可能做得到 因为做那样的事情确实需要全副身心的投入 他就不可能感知自己的存在了09:12So existence is temporarily suspended.他的存在被暂时遗忘了09:32And he says that his hand seems to be moving by itself.他自己也说 他的手似乎能够不由自主的活动09:37Now,I could look at my hand for two weeks,and I wouldntfeel any awe or wonder,because I cant compose.我也许对着自
35、己的手看两个星期 也不能看出有什么不一样的地方 因为我不是作曲家09:43So what is that telling you here,but in other parts of theinterview is that obviously this automatic,spontaneousprocess that hes describing can only happen to someonewho is very well-trained and who has developed technique.这说明了什么？访谈当中还提到 这样一个自动的、自发的过程只有可能 发生在一个受过
36、严格训练以及培养了良好的钢琴技艺的人身上09:55And it has become a kind of a truism in the study ofcreativity that you cant be creating anything with less than10 years of technical knowledge immersion in a particularfield.在创造力研究这一领域 有一个接近真理的说法是没有10年时间的积累 是不可能产生出这类的奇迹的10:13consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉 awe:vt.使敬畏;使畏怯/n.敬畏 s
37、pontaneous:adj.自发的；自然的；无意识的 well-trained:adj.训练有素的;良好训练 truism:n.自明之理;老生常谈;老套;众所周知;真实性 immersion:n.沉浸;陷入;专心Whether its mathematics or music-it takes that long to beable to begin to change something in a way that its betterthan what was there before.不管是数学、音乐 都需要这样漫长的时间 来达到这个境界 达到一种全新的升华10:31Now,when
38、that happens,he says the music just flows out.而这样的事情一旦发生 他就说 音乐仿佛是流出来了。10:47And because all of these people I started interviewing-thiswas an interview which is over 30 years old-so many of thepeople described this as a spontaneous flow that I called thistype of experience the flow experience.而我所采访的
39、这些人 这是一个30年前的会议记录很多人将此称为“即兴的流动”这是我给过程起的名字是10:51And it happens in different realms.它正在不同的领域内发生11:10For instance,a poet describes it in this form.比如 有位诗人如此写到11:13This is by a student of mine who interviewed some of theleading writers and poets in the United States.这是我的一位学生 他采访了美国最杰出的作家、诗人11:17And it d
40、escribes the same effortless,spontaneous feeling同样也是一种狂喜的状态 在那种状态下 诗人们可以非常轻松的写出诗来11:23And it describes the same effortless,spontaneous feelingthat you get when you enter into this ecstatic state.以非常轻松的写出诗来11:23This poet describes it as opening a door that floats up in thesky-very similar description
41、 to what Albert Einstein gave asto how he imagined the forces of relativity when he wasstruggling with trying to understand how it worked.这位诗人则说 那就有如打开了通往天际之窗 这个跟爱因斯坦所说的 关于相对论的设想非常相像 那时的爱因斯坦也是在苦苦的思考为何那样的事情会发生11:32in a way:在某种程度上;有点儿;十分激动 realms:n.领域(realm的复数)effortless:adj.容易的;不费力气的 floats:n.花车(floa
42、t的复数);飘浮物/v.漂浮;浮动(float的单三形式)But it happens in other activities.在其他的领域也会发生这样的事情11:50For instance,this is another student of mine,Susan Jacksonfrom Australia,who did work with some of the leadingathletes in the world.这是我的另一位学生 她叫苏珊杰克逊，来自澳洲她采访了世界上顶尖的运动健将11:55And you see here in this description of an
43、Olympic skater,the same essential description of the phenomenology of theinner state of the person.这是关于一位奥林匹克滑冰运动员的的介绍 也是同样的一段现象学的描述 描绘的是一个人的内心活动12:05You dont think it goes automatically if you merge yourselfwith the music,and so forth.你也许会认为那样的事情要自然的发生是不可能的但只要当你将自己与音乐融为一体之时 就发现那是可能的12:14It happens
44、also,actually,in the most recent book I wrote,called Good Business,where I interviewed some of the CEOswho had been nominated by their peers as being both verysuccessful and very ethical,very socially responsible.我最近写了一本书，里面也提到这样的例子 书名是优良商业 我采访了一些公司的总裁 同行们都认为那些人是非常成功的 并且他们做企业非常讲道德、有社会责任12:21You see
45、that these people define success as something thathelps others and at the same time makes you feel happy asyou are working at it.他们关于成功的定义是这样的 既帮助他人的同时使自己乐在其中12:36athletes:n.运动员;身强体健的人(athlete的复数形式)skater:n.溜冰者 phenomenology:n.现象学;现象论automatically:adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地/adj.不经思索的 merge:vt.合并;使合并;吞没/vi.合并;
46、融合 nominated:adj.被提名的;被任命的/v.提名;任命(nominate的过去分词)peers:n.平辈,同事(peer的复数)/v.凝视;比得上(peer的三单形式)ethical:adj.伦理的；道德的；凭处方出售的/n.处方药And like all of these successful and responsible CEOs say,youcant have just one of these things to be successful.这些成功并且富有社会责任的总裁也说到 单单有其中一样是不足以令你成功的12:48If you want a meaningful
47、 job and successful job-AnitaRoddick is another one of these CEOs we interviewed.假如你要的是有意义的工作、成功的工作 安妮塔罗迪克是其中一位受访的总裁13:02She is the founder of Body Shop,the cosmetic,kind ofnatural cosmetic king.她创建了Body Shop，那是一个化妆品企业 她自己则成为了天然化妆品之母13:10Its kind of a passion that comes from doing the best andhaving
48、 flow while youre working.这正是一种热情 它源自一个人对最高价值的追求并且在工作中体会到一种“流动”13:16This is an interesting little quote from Masaru Ibuka,whowas,at that time,starting out Sony without any money,without a product-they didnt have a product,they didnthave anything,but they had an idea.这是井深大说过的一句话 他那时手无分文，却创建了索尼 他们那时甚至
49、连产品也拿不出来 可谓一无所有 但是他们有一个理念13:22And the idea he had was to establish a place of work whereengineers can feel the joy of technological innovation,beaware of their mission to society and work to their heartscontent.即他要创建一个工作环境 使得工程师可以体验到技术创新带来的快乐 同时也意识到自身对于社会的使命 以最大的热情工作 直到自己内心满意为止13:36I couldnt improve
50、 on this as a good example of how flowenters the workplace.再也没有比这个更好的例子了“流动”就是这样走进公司的13:50cosmetic:adj.美容的;化妆用的/n.化妆品;装饰品 quote:vt.报价;引述;举证/vi.报价;引用;引证/n.引用 innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法 improve on:改进;对加以改良 workplace:n.工作场所;车间Now,when we do studies,we have,with other colleaguesaround the world,done over 8,