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1、专题08 短文填空20题（名校真题精练）短文填空解题技巧首字母填空首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。满分技巧1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2、2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。短文填词答题技巧口诀空前空后要注意， 名
3、词单复要牢记。要有s不能弃。动词注意要变形， 皇帝、大臣要分清。形、副注意要用三级， 副词用法要谨记。要用数词请留意， 千万别忘基和序。填入代词需慎重， 五格变化记心中。提示词填空此类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思或英文单词。做此类短文填空题时，要准确理解语意，根据文中同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。名校真题20题精练（2021江苏扬州中学教育集团树人学校八年级期末）阅读短文，缺词填空。My na
4、me is Huckleberry Finn. I live in the town of St. Petersburg in the state of Missouri. It is a small town but its near a very b_1_ river called the Mississippi. This is the story of a journey that I made down that river on a raft.Tom Sawyer and I found $12,000 in a cave which made us rich. We got $6
5、,000 e_2_. Judge Thatcher put it in the bank.I didnt have a f_3_ or a home. My mother died a long time ago and then my dad, Pap, disappeared. I didnt go to school like the o_4_ boys of my age. I lived on the streets and in the woods.Then a kind old lady called Widow Douglas invited me to live with h
6、er and my life c_5_. She gave me bed to sleep in and bought me new clothes. She sent me to school every day. I didnt like going there at first b_6_ learning was very difficult. But when I could read and write a bit, I didnt m_7_ going. For me, eating my meals at the table and sleeping in a soft bed
7、were the h_8_ things. I missed my old life. Sometimes I ran away and spent a few days in the woods. I felt f_9_ there and I was happy. I fished and hunted all day. At night I slept under the stars.The months passed and w_10_ came. The weather got cold. One morning I saw some footprints in the snow o
8、utside the windows house. There was a cross on the heel of the left one. My heart jumped. Only one person wore boots with a cross on the left heel! Pap!【答案】1(b)ig2(e)ach3(f)amily4(o)ther5(c)hanged6(b)ecause7(m)ind8(h)ardest9(f)ree10(w)inter【解析】本文介绍了作者没有亲人没有家，被一个老妇人收养，虽然过上了好日子，但是怀念以前在树林里自由自在的生活。几个月过去
9、了，冬天来了，作者在窗外雪地上发现了脚印，他猜是他的爸爸回来了。1句意：它是个小镇但是它在一个非常大的叫密西西比河的附近。but表示转折关系，可推断此空与small相对应，形容词作定语修饰river。big表示“大的”。故填(b)ig。2句意：我们每个人得到6000美元。根据“Tom Sawyer and I found $12,000 in a cave which made us rich”可知我和Tom sawyer两个人发现12000美元，因此每人6000美元。each表示“每个”。故填(e)ach。3句意：我没有家人或家。根据“My mother died a long time a
10、go and then my dad, Pap, disappeared”可知我没有家人。a后接可数名词单数。family表示“家人；家庭”。故填(f)amily。4句意：我不像我同龄的其他男孩一样去上学。根据“the boys of my age”及首字母可知，此处指其他的同龄男孩，other“其他的”，修饰复数名词boys，故填(o)ther。5句意：一个善良的老妇人叫Widow Douglas请我去跟她一起住，我的人生发生了改变。此空是谓语动词，并且时态为一般过去时。根据“She gave me bed to sleep in and bought me new clothes. She
11、 sent me to school every day”及后文中她给我买衣服送我上学，可知我的人生发生了改变。change表示“改变”。故填(c)hanged。6句意：起初我不喜欢去那因为学习非常难。此空是连词连接两个句子，前后句表示因果关系，故填(b)ecause。7句意：当我读写了一些，我并不介意去做。此空缺少谓语动词，but表示转折，与上一句我不喜欢比较，mind表示“介意”，此处表示“我不介意去做”，助动词didnt后接动词原形，故填(m)ind。8句意：对我来说，在餐桌前吃饭、在软软的床上睡觉是最难的事情。此空是形容词作定语修饰名词things，根据the可知此处是形容词最高级形式
12、。根据“I missed my old life”可知现在这种生活我觉得很难。hard表示“困难的”。故填(h)ardest。9句意：我在那感觉很自由，我很快乐。feel为连系动词，与形容词构成系表结构。根据“I fished and hunted all day. At night I slept under the stars”及首字母可知，在那的日子很自由，free表示“自由的”。故填(f)ree。10句意：几个月过去了，冬天来了。根据“One morning I saw some footprints in the snow outside the windows house”可知“冬
13、天”来了。winter表示“冬天”。故填(w)inter。（2022江苏南通）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。If you look around your city, you might see girls wearing hanfu in subways or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese words on the streets. A new trend (趋势) called guochao is p_11_ in China now. The trend not only
14、means using things made in China, but also has been considered as the representation of Chinese c_12_ and aesthetics (美学) coming from Chinese products, according to CGTN. Before the year 2018, many f_13_ companies dominated (支配) the world market. From then on, many Chinese companies tried hard to wi
15、n more market share from W_14_ countries. For example, during the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Chinese sportswear band Li-Ning introduced its new collection. It not only had a fashionable look but also i_15_ many elements (元素) of traditional Chinese culture. It drew attention at home and abroad at on
16、ce. As a result, the revenue (收入) of the company r_16_ by 20 percent in 2018. Ever since, the trend to accept domestic products willingly has spread r_17_ to different fields and products, from food and drinks to clothing, mobile phones, electric vehicles or even m_18_ for patients in hospitals.Now,
17、 the guochao trend is moving to the next stage. “No matter how the guochao trend goes, theres one thing that wont c_19_: Behind the trend is peoples joy towards the countrys development, growing confidence in national culture and their deep l_20_ to the country.” said Yao Linqing, a professor in the
18、 School of Economics and Management at Communication University of China.【答案】11(p)opular12(c)ulture13(f)oreign14(W)estern15(i)ncluded16(r)ised17(r)apidly18(m)edicine19(c)hange20(l)ove【解析】本文主要讲近几年，国潮文化蓬勃发展。“国潮”一词代表着中国本土潮流的崛起，国潮热展现的是人们对民族文化的认同，更是文化自信的提升。11句意：现在，一种叫做“国潮”的新潮流在中国很流行。根据“If you look around
19、 your city, you might see girls wearing hanfu in subways or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese words on the streets.”可知“国潮”很流行，popular“流行的，受欢迎的”，形容词作表语。故填(p)opular。12句意：据CGTN报道，这一趋势不仅意味着使用中国制造的东西，也被认为是中国文化和中国产品美学的代表。根据“the representation of Chinese c. and aesthetics coming from Chinese products”可推
20、出是中国文化的代表，culture“文化”，不可数名词。故填(c)ulture。13句意：在2018年之前，许多外国公司主导了世界市场。根据“From then on, many Chinese companies tried hard to win more market share from W. countries.”可推出2018年之前是外国公司支配市场，foreign“外国的”，形容词作定语。故填(f)oreign。14句意：从那时起，许多中国公司努力从西方国家赢得更多的市场份额。根据“to win more market share from W. countries”中首字母提示
21、可推出是西方国家，Western“西方的”，形容词作定语。故填(W)estern。15句意：它不仅有一个时尚的外观，而且还包括许多传统中国文化的元素。根据“many elements of traditional Chinese culture”可推出是李宁的新产品包含许多中国传统文化元素，include“包含”，与had一致用过去式included。故填(i)ncluded。16句意：因此，该公司2018年的收入增长了20%。根据“It drew attention at home and abroad at once.”可知吸引了国内外的注意，由此推出收入增长了，rise“增长”，结合“d
22、rew”可知用一般过去时，rise的过去式为rised。故填(r)ised。17句意：自此，愿意接受国产产品的趋势迅速蔓延到不同的领域和产品，从食品饮料到服装、手机、电动汽车，甚至医院病人的药品。根据“Now, the guochao trend is moving to the next stage.”可知愿意接受国产产品的趋势迅速蔓延，rapidly“迅速地”，副词修饰动词has spread。故填(r)apidly。18句意：自此，愿意接受国产产品的趋势迅速蔓延到不同的领域和产品，从食品饮料到服装、手机、电动汽车，甚至医院病人的药品。根据“for patients in hospital
23、s”可知医院的病人需要的是药，medicine“药”，不可数名词。故填(m)edicine。19句意：无论国潮的潮流如何发展，有一件事是不会改变的：在这种趋势的背后，是人们对国家发展的喜悦，对民族文化的信心和对国家的热爱。根据“No matter how the guochao trend goes”可知不管趋势如何发展，有一件事情不会改变，change“改变”，wont后接动词原形。故填(c)hange。20句意：无论国潮的潮流如何发展，有一件事是不会改变的：在这种趋势的背后，是人们对国家发展的喜悦，对民族文化的信心和对国家的热爱。根据“their deep l. to the countr
24、y”可推出是对祖国的爱，love“爱”，不可数名词。故填(l)ove。（2022江苏盐城）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。What can you do to help people or animals in need? The answer isto be a volunteer.Helping y_21_ by helping othersVolunteering not only helps others but also helps yourself. If youre sad about something that happens, like an eart
25、hquake or a flood, doing something to help others can be a great way to make you feel better. It feels good to be a_22_ to help. Because of your help, some kids have warm hats, gloves and boots. Doing voluntary work m_23_ one very important thingyou are helping make the world a better place.Getting
26、startedSchool is a good place to start. You can ask a teacher w_24_ you should do to be a volunteer. Some places want volunteers who are 12 or even o_25_. Kids often start volunteering by working with their parents. You might be too young to get food ready at a kitchen. But when your parents give yo
27、u a helping h_26_, you might be able to go along.Things to do with parents or family membersVolunteering is a great way to have fun with your family. Here are some ideas for things you can do as a family. Clean up a park, a school or other places. O_27_ food to people without homes.Coming up with yo
28、ur own waysYou can try to find your own ways to r_28_ money. You can make and sell things and donate the money to charities. Volunteering can also help kids learn s_29_ about themselves. They will learn about what kinds of things they can do and what they are i_30_ in.So what are you waiting for? Ma
29、ke a plan to start volunteering today.【答案】21(y)ourself22(a)ble23(m)eans24(w)hat25(o)lder26(h)and27(O)ffer28(r)aise29(s)omething30(i)nterested【解析】本文是篇说明文，主要说明成为一名志愿者的好处以及如何做志愿者。21句意：帮助他人就是帮助自己。根据后文“Volunteering not only helps others but also helps yourself ”可知，这段主题是说“帮助他人就是帮助自己”，结合语境和首字母可知横线处填yoursel
30、f“你自己”。故填(y)ourself。22句意：能够去帮助别人，这种感觉很好。根据句意和首字母“a”可判断此处考查be able to“能，能够”，符合语境。故填(a)ble。23句意：做志愿者工作意味着一件重要的事你正帮着让世界变得更好。此处是介绍志愿者的意义。mean“意味着”符合语境，文中是一般现在事描述，主语是单数，谓语用第三人称单数。故填(m)eans。24句意：你可以问老师你应该做些什么才能成为一名志愿者。本句缺少宾语从句的引导词，根据“ you should do ”可知，这里do后面缺少宾语，再根据首字母和句意可判断是what。故填(w)hat。25句意：有些地方想要12岁及
31、以上的志愿者。根据“12 or even”和首字母可判断是older“年龄大的”，符合语境。故填 (o)lder。26句意：但是当你父母给你帮助时，你可能就能做了。根据前文“Kids often start volunteering by working with their parents”可知，小孩子做志愿工作是和父母一起的。再结合句意和首字母判断是需要父母的帮助，a helping hand是“一臂之力”的意思，符合语境。故填(h)and。27句意：给无家可归的人提供食物。根据句意和首字母可知是offer“提供”,含有主动提供的意思，offer sth. to sb.“给某人提供某物”。
32、这里是表示建议的，用祈使句，句首动词用原形。故填(O)ffer。28句意：你可以尝试着找到你自己的筹钱的方式。根据首字母及后文“ You can make and sell things and donate the money to charities. ”可知，这里是说筹钱和捐钱。“筹钱”raise money，符合语境。故填(r)aise。29句意：做志愿也能帮助孩子们了解些自身。根据后文“They will learn about what kinds of things they can do and what they are interested in.”可知，孩子们了解了自己能
33、做什么，对什么感兴趣，也就是对自身有所了解。learn something about themselves表示“对自身有所了解”。故填(s)omething。30句意：他们将了解哪些事情他们能做以及他们对什么感兴趣。根据首字母及语境可判断这里考查词组be interested in“对什么感兴趣”。故填(i)nterested。（2022江苏南京）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。Can we live without computers? For most people of my age, its hard to imagine life without a computer. I
34、t seems like almost everybody has got o_31_! Most people use them every day to work and p_32_. Actually, the first personal computer was invented in 1975. Before then, people survived without computers and the Internet, so it must be p_33_!I believe that there would be some a_34_to life without a co
35、mputer. We would probably do more exercise instead of sitting in front of screens. We would get better at r_35_things instead of checking facts online all the time. We would also communicate more with each other because computers wouldnt need so much of our a_36_.However, I think that it would also
36、be very difficult to live without computers. We use them to communicate with our f_37_and family all around the world. We also use computers to get information about many different s_38_. Computer technology has helped i_39_our lives in many different areas. For example, mechanics use computers to c
37、heck our cars, doctors use computers to help b_40_understand health tests, and architects use computers to design modern, safe buildings. In conclusion, although we may have had healthier lifestyles in our computer-free past, I believe that, in todays society, we cant live without computers.【答案】31(o
38、)ne32(p)lay33(p)ossible34(a)dvantages35(r)emembering36(a)ttention37(f)riends38(s)ubjects39(i)mprove40(b)etter【解析】本文介绍电脑的发明是一把双刃剑，给人们带来利与弊。31句意：似乎每个人都有一个！根据“For most people of my age, its hard to imagine life without a computer.”可知，此处指每个人都有一台电脑，用one代替a computer，故填(o)ne。32句意：大多数人每天都用它来工作和娱乐。根据“Most pe
39、ople use them every day to work and p.”可知，是用电脑工作和娱乐，play“玩，娱乐”符合语境，用于不定式结构中，使用动词原形，故填(p)lay。33句意：在那之前，人们没有电脑和互联网也能生存，所以这一定是可能的！根据“Before then, people survived without computers and the Internet, so it must be p.”可知，之前人们没有电脑和互联网也能生存，possible“可能的”，在句中作表语，故填(p)ossible。34句意：我相信没有电脑的生活会有一些好处。根据后文介绍可知，没有电
40、脑的生活会有一些好处，advantage“好处”，此前有some修饰，使用名词复数形式，故填(a)dvantages。35句意：我们会在记忆方面做得更好，而不是一直在网上查事实。根据“We would get better at r.things instead of checking facts online all the time.”可知，不依赖电脑我们会在记忆方面做得更好，remember“记住”，be better at doing sth“更擅长做某事”，故填(r)emembering。36句意：我们之间的交流也会更多，因为电脑不需要我们那么多的关注。根据“computers wo
41、uldnt need so much of our a.”可知，电脑不需要我们那么多的关注，attention“关注”符合语境，故填(a)ttention。37句意：我们用电脑与世界各地的朋友和家人交流。根据“We use them to communicate with our f.and family all around the world.”可知，用电脑与世界各地的朋友和家人交流，friend“朋友”，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填(f)riends。38句意：我们也使用电脑来获取许多不同科目的信息。根据“We also use computers to get inform
42、ation about many different s.”可知，可以用电脑来获取许多不同科目的信息，subject“科目”，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填(s)ubjects。39句意：计算机技术在许多不同的领域帮助改善了我们的生活。根据“Computer technology has helped i.our lives in many different areas.”可知，计算机技术改善了我们的生活，improve“提升，改善”符合语境，故填(i)mprove。40句意：例如，机械师使用计算机检查我们的汽车，医生使用计算机帮助更好地理解健康测试，建筑师使用计算机设计现代、安全
43、的建筑。根据“doctors use computers to help b.understand health tests”可知，医生使用计算机帮助更好地理解健康测试，better“更好”，在句中修饰动词，故填(b)etter。（2022江苏江苏）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整正确的形式，使短文通顺。The Beijing Winter Games saw many young athletes shine on the biggest stage. Lets t_41_ a look at three Olympic medalists.Su Y
44、imingAt just 18, snowboarder Su Yiming made history by w_42_ Chinas first gold medal in mens snowboarding. He took the gold medal in the mens big air. Also, he won a silver medal in the slopestyle.Inspired by his parents love of skiing, Su started snowboarding when he was just 4 years old. At that t
45、ime, his parents couldnt find a snowboard in China that would f_43_ him. He showed talent in acting too. But he set his heart on snowboarding in 2015, after Beijing got the chance to host the 2022 Winter Games.Gu AilingThe 18-year-old world champion, set her goals high b_44_ going into the Games. In
46、 the womens big air freestyle event, she made four and a half rotations in the air and landed backward.It was a d_45_ jump that she bad never done before. Her mother told her to play it safe.“But I didnt listen to her. I did it not trying to b_46_ anyone but to push myself to the next level,” said G
47、u.Li WenlongOn F_47_ 7, three days after his 21st birthday, speed skater Li Wenlong won a silver medal in the m_48_ 1000 m short track speed skating.It was Lis first Winter Olympics. He skated behind his teammates to help his teammates to win. With his help, teammate Ren Ziwei won the gold medal.“This silver is just the b_49_,” said Li. “Im going to keep going and hope to c_50_ the color of the medal t