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1、房山区2020年高三衔接诊断试卷（二）英语试题本试卷共10页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答 无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Ma was bom into a doctors family in 1933 and became a military doctor in 1947. She 1 （apply） to bee a
2、 paratrooper in 1961, but her first application failed because there were no female paratroopers at that time. But she learnt to parachute by training hard in secret. Finally, she became Chinas first female paratrooper. She set a national record as the oldest enlisted woman to do a parachute jump 2
3、the age of 51. She pleted over 140 parachuting jumps over a period of 20 years. In 2018, Ma donated her entire life savings to her home town. This 3 （donate） was to support local education and public welfare.【答案】1. applied2. at 3. donation【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要讲述了中国第一位女伞兵一一马旭的生平故事。【1题详解】考查动词时态。句意：她在1961年
4、申请成为一名伞兵，但是她的第一次申请失败了，因为当时没有女伞兵。 根据时间状语in 1961可知，应使用一般过去时。故填appliedo【2题详解】考查介词。句意：她以51岁的年龄创下了跳伞年龄最大的女兵纪录。在具体的多少岁的时候，应使用介词 ato故填at。【3题详解】考查名词。句意：这笔捐款用于支持当地的教育和公益事业。此处做主语，前有this,应使用名词单数形 式，意为“这笔捐款”。故填donation。阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处 mom Alisha and has raised $14,000 in the two m
5、onths since it was established, exceeding its original $10,000 goal. “Any funds raised on this page will go toward our charity filing fees and any future volunteer projects. The more we raise, the more people we can help!”The charity, called Khloe Kares, is a munity service-oriented organization tha
6、t plans different projects to give some assistance to those in need. Khloes first project was Kare Bags, which are intended to help the homeless. I like to give them a nice sturdy bag that they can have forever/ says Khloe, Sometimes they give me hugs and then they say thank you.”“As a parent, youre
7、 going to be concerned about her walking up to random strangers/9 says Alisha, who acpanies Khloe when she hands out her Kare Bags. After seeing peoples positive reactions, she said “People really warm up to her quickly.”As Khloe strives to help those near her, homelessness has bee an increasingly p
8、ressing issue. For Khloe, Kare Bags are just the beginning. She is currently planning a toy drive for kids living in group homes, which will take place on July. She has collected about $1,000 worth of toys to give out, and additional voluntary gifts will go towards The Raise Foundation of Orange Cou
9、nty, whose goal is to stop child abuse and neglect.34. Khloe created her own charity to.A. collect money fbr childrens toysB. help homeless people of the local areaC. protect more children from abuse and neglectD. improve the living condition of the munity35. From the passage, we can know that GoFun
10、dMe page.A. is a munity service-oriented organizationB. was set up by Khloe and some local volunteersC. plans different projects to help those people in needD raises fund for filing fees and future volunteer projects36. Which of the following words can best describe Khole?A. Devoted and open-minded.
11、B. Humorous and strong-willed.C. Determined and warm-hearted.D. Knowledgeable and hard-working.37. Which of the following can be the best title?A. No Life is EasyB. The Road to SuccessC. The Power of VolunteersD. Lend a Hand to Strangers【答案】34.B35. D 36. C 37. D【解析】本文是记叙文。为了帮助改善当地无家可归者的生活，Khloe建立了慈善
12、机构Khloe Kares,并创建了 GoFundMe网页，筹集资金，开展不同的项目来帮助那些需要帮助的人。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中 “Khloe made a resolution to create her own charity devoted to improving the lives of local homeless people.（科勒决定创立自己的慈善机构，致力于改善当地无家可归者的生活。）”可 知，Khloe创立了自己的慈善机构目的是帮助当地无家可归的人。故选B项。35题详解】细节理解题。文章第二段中提到 “Any funds raised on this
13、 page will go toward our charity filing fees and any future volunteer projects.可知，Khloe和她的妈妈Alisha创建GoFundMe网页来筹集的资金，这些资金将 用于慈善申请费用和未来的志愿者项目。故选D项。【36题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段中提到 “Khloe made a resolution to create her own charity devoted to improving the lives of local homeless people. 和 “Khloe made the decisi
14、on firmly” , Khloe 决心创立自己的慈善机构，致 力于改善当地无家可归者的生活，并且是很坚定地做出这个决定。由此可知，Khole是个很热心、又有决 心的人。故选C项。37题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据文章中的 u improving the lives of local homeless people? give some assistance to those in need” “help the homeless可知，Khloe建立了慈善机构Khloe Kares是为了帮助改善当地无家 可归人的生活；她创建了 GoFundMe网页，筹集资金，以帮助更多的人。文章是关于K
15、hloe是如何帮助当 地的人的。因此文章的标题应该是“帮助陌生人”。故选D项。CWhile gazing at an airplane passing thousands of feet overhead, or when you are just about to board a flight at the airport, have you ever noticed that the majority of airplanes are white? Sure, some have decorations and names in different colors, but the base
16、 color behind those add-ons is almost always white.Now, thinking of your summer wardrobe, which has at least a couple of white items, be it a T-shirt, a pair of pants, or a skirt. The main reason people prefer white on a hot day is its particular ability to reflect sunlight. The color white is a ter
17、rific reflector of sunlight, and reflects almost all the light that falls on it, unlike other colors, which absorb some of the light. So, just like clothing, aircraft producers use white paint to keep airplanes cool. It minimizes the heating as well as the potential harm from solar radiation. Planes
18、 have some parts made from plastic, carbon fiber, and fiberglass. Those things in particular need the most protection from the blazing sun.The next reason for painting planes white is even more practical. Ifs just cheaper to have white-colored plane. You see, all airplanes start out white when theyr
19、e made. But what if an airline decides to paint theirs, say, bright yellow? An additional layer of paint will add more than 1,000 pounds of weight to the aircraft. The paint on a Boeing 737 weighs 180kg and on a Boeing 747 is around 500kg. Weight increment means the increase of fuel burnt, and that
20、can get pricey. Most airlines want to avoid the higher cost.When flying at high altitudes, exposed to various atmospheric conditions, colored airplanes tend to fade, and thus require a lot of paintjobs to maintain their artistic appeal. A white-colored airplane, on the other hand, doesnt appear sign
21、ificantly different, even after spending a considerable amount of time in the air.Besides, airplanes are regularly inspected for cracks and any other form of surface damage for obvious safety reasons. Nothing works better than white when it es to spotting a crack on the surface, as the crack is almo
22、st always darker than white. Plus, a white plane is easier to spot visually in the event of a crash or any other mishap, especially at night, or in a massive body of water.Additionally, a study published in Human-Wildlife Interactions found that the paintjob does make a difference to birds: This fin
23、ding suggests that a whiter airframe would stand out more against the sky from the perspective of the flying birds visual system. According to ABC, approximately $300 million dollars9 worth of damage to planes is caused by birds each year. There you have it: Planes are white to keep you as safe and
24、fortable as possible, with the added bonus of hitting by fewer birds.38. What can we learn from the passage?A. Colored airplane is easier to spot when in the event of a crash.B. White color can absorb some of the light and make the plane cool.C. White paint can decrease the possible damage of the su
25、n radiation.D. Colored aircrafts do not fade easily and maintain the color for a long time.39. The underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refers to.A. the aircraftsB. white-colored planeC. most airlinesD. the increase of fuel burnt40. Why does the author mention the birds in the last paragraph?A. To
26、introduce how the birds visual system works.B. To show the cost of an airplane is quite expensive.C. To state white plane is more obvious to flying birds.D. To stress how serious damage birds can do to planes.41. The main purpose of this passage is to.A. inform and explainB. discuss and clarifyC. an
27、alyze and adviseD. pare and evaluate【答案】38.C39. D 40. C 41. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么大多数飞机都是白色的。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的 So, just like clothing, aircraft producers use white paint to keep airplanes cool. It minimizes the heating as well as the potential harm from solar radiation.可知，所以，就像衣服一样，飞机制造 商使用白色涂料来保
28、持飞机凉爽。它将尽量减少加热，并且将太阳辐射的潜在危害降到最低。由此可知， 白色涂料可以减少太阳辐射可能造成的损害。故选C。【39题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句 Weight increment means the increase of fuel burnt, and that can get pricey.的可 知，重量的增加意味着燃料消耗的增加，那可能会变得昂贵。由此可知，that指的是上半句中的theincrease of fuel burnto 故选 D。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 This finding suggests that a whiter airf
29、rame would stand out more against the sky from the perspective of the flying bids visual system.可知，这一发现表明，从飞行鸟类的视觉系统的角度来 看，更白的机身在天空中更显眼。由此可知，作者在最后一段提到鸟类是为了说明，白色的飞机对飞翔的 鸟类来说更明显。故选C。41题详解】推理判断题。根据第段中的 While gazing at an airplane passing thousands of feet overhead, or when you are just about to board a
30、 flight at the airport, have you ever noticed that the majority of airplanes are white?（当你长走视着从 几千英尺高空飞过的飞机时，或者当你正要在机场登机时，你是否注意到大多数飞机都是白色的？）可知， 此处引出话题，然后后文主要解释了为什么大多数飞机都是白色的。由此可知，这篇文章的主要目的是告 知和解释。故选A。DSometimes, when looking at the things that have been lying around for a long time in our lives, we
31、probably realize that those items may be useful to others. With the development of the internet, online munities have figured out a way to generate profit from the sharing of those underused assets. Using websites and social media platforms that facilitate the buying and selling of second-hand goods
32、, it is now easier than ever for peer-to-peer sharing activities to take place. And this is what we call sharing economy.One of the things consumers appreciate when using or working in the sharing economy is the flexibility. It offers services to people when and where they want them. For those who d
33、ont care for traditional office work, sharing economies do not require professional working environments, so there is no need to put yourself in an atmosphere that unfits fbr your personality. It allows people to choose flexible atmosphere to work remotely instead of in one physical office space.A s
34、haring economy helps consumers to earn money by renting out underused goods or resources. For example, you can rent out a home using Airbnb, expensive tools from ones garage, cars, or even sharing the groceries before going on a holiday. All of these provide a way for items to be resold and repurpos
35、ed instead of just thrown away. Therefore, it helps to reduce waste and make or save money for the provider and users.But the sharing economy is not without criticisms. The sharing economy is developing faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision. One downside is that in many cases there
36、 is a lack of regulation to check the products and services exchanged during these deals. Unlike formal panies, unregulated individuals do not follow certain regulations and this can lead to poorer and inconsistent quality of goods and services and a higher risk of fraud. For example, hotels are ins
37、pected to assure quality, whereas some apartments for short-term rental online are not. The digitally-driven peer-to-peer nature of the sharing economy services sometimes doesnt match well with certain regulations, which on the other hand, helps keep the provided services more affordable.Another pro
38、blem is related to safety concerns. Most sharing economy platforms are based on trust, as well as ratings by guests and hosts. But sometimes it happens that one uses a car, or rents an apartment and it is totally different than one imagines. After all, we have heard some unpleasant tales of guests a
39、nd hosts.The sharing economy definitely has its lovers and haters. Many are not ready to switch to that model, where others are already using more than four platforms in their daily lives.42. What makes peer-to-peer sharing activities easier?A. The convenience of the network.B The development of mun
40、ity.C. Peoples keeping underused things.D. Peoples demand of second-hand goods.43. The example in paragraph 4 is used to show.A. sharing economy services are more affordableB. short-term rental apartments are cheaper than hotelsC. the current rules cant regulate the quality of online businessD. apar
41、tments rental online cant ensure the safety of the guests44. What is the authors attitude towards sharing economy?A. Supportive.B. Neutral.C. Disapproving.D. Doubtful.45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?1: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point （次要点）C: Conclusion(fo
42、 (KJ(PuC. Ku|) J 、D出s产 /W p 1【答案】42. A 43. C 44. B 45. B【解析】这是一篇议论文。通过实例，客观说明共享经济的好处与坏处，以及人们对这种新生事物的态度。42题详解】细节理解题。审题得知什么使得peer-to-peer sharing activities人到人共享活动这么容易方便。通过关键词 可定位于止匕： With the development of the internet,. Using websites and social media platforms that facilitate the buying and sellin
43、g of second-hand goods, it is now easier than ever for peer-to-peer sharing activities to take place. 随着网络的发展，使用网络和社交媒体平台买卖二手商品，现在使得人到人共享经济活动，比以前更 方便、更容易了。这里可以得知是网络使得这一活动更容易的，故the convenience of the network 网 络的便捷性”切合文意。故选A。【43题详解】细节理解题。审题得知第四段的例子说明什么。举例说明的事物往往是例子前面的内容，故定位于此：The sharing economy is d
44、eveloping faster than existing regulations or ongoing supervision.分享经济的发展速度超过 了现有的法规或持续的监管。据此可推定此例子是用来说明目前的规则无法规范网络业务的质量，正如C 选项所指出的那样：the current rules carft regulate the quality of online business o当今的规则不能约束网络商 务活动的品质。切合文意。故选C。【44题详解】推理判断题。这是询问观点态度的题目。这类题目的要点是每段首句要综合起来分析。第一段结尾下定义: And this is what
45、we call sharing economy.这就是我们叫做共享经济的东西。第二段首句：One of the things consumers appreciate when using or working in the sharing economy is the flexibility.消费者欣赏共享经济时的 件事就是灵活性。第三段首句：A sharing economy helps consumers to earn money by renting out underused goods orresources .共享经济帮助消费者通过出租未充分利用的商品或者资源来挣钱。第四段首句
46、：But the sharing economy is not without criticisms 但共享经济不是没有受到批评。第五段首句：Another problem is related to safety concerns.另外一个问题就是安全问题令人担心。第六段首句：The sharing economy definitely has its lovers and haters.共享经济肯定有它的爱好者，也有反对者。通过对这些中心句的分析和综合可以得出他的 态度和观点是不偏不倚的，中立的。故选B。45题详解】推理判断题。这是文章结构推理判断题类型。做此类题目也要分析每段首句。故分析
47、同上题。这里主要是 看结构是如何组织的：先下定义什么是共享经济。然后讲述共享经济的好处，举例说明。然后讲它的问题, 举例说明。最后总结。此结构和B选项切合。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A study revealed that, in most occasions, the oute on a given task can be improved when two people have helped each other instead of working on their own.
48、As early as 1624 John Donne has already popularized the phrase “No man is an island”. And this is especially true, be it in the workplace, in doing scientific research, or working in events. One of the benefits of cooperation is that people can pool together their skills and wisdom towards a mon aim. Because of this, they have a higher chance of being more successful. 46Teamwork promotes diversity. The very nature of teamwork requires a group of people from various backgrounds to e together and share their thinking. 47 This level of diversity generates cultural understanding, increased