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1、Unit 4 A good read 第3课时 grammar八年级英语下册同步精品讲义（牛津译林版）目标导航1.疑问词+不定式（to do）疑问词有疑问代词who, whom, what, which, whose和疑问副词when, where, how, why。此外，连接词whether也适用。“疑问词+不定式”结构有下列五种功能：当主语 Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotyetbeendecided.何时开会还没有定下来。 Wheretoliveisaproblem. 住哪里是个问题。当宾语 Wemustknowwhattosayatameeting. 我们必须知道
2、在会上说些什么。Hecouldnottellwhomtotrust. 他无法分辨该信任谁。当表语Theproblemiswheretofindthefinancialaid. 问题是到哪找到财政援助。当名词同位语 Tomhadnoideawhichbooktoreadfirst. 汤姆不知道先读哪本书。当宾语补足语 Jimisnotsurewhosetochoose. 吉姆不确定选择谁的。MaryandJohnarenotcertainwhethertogetmarriedornot. 玛丽和约翰不确定是否要结婚。适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括：know,see,decide,tell
3、,ask,consider,discover,explain,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,remember,think,wonder,understand等。 【注意】：1）当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句， Icouldnotdecidewhichdictionarytobuy.=IcouldnotdecidewhichdictionaryIshouldbuy.我不能决定买哪本字典。 Jackdidnotknowwheretofindsuchagoodteacher.=Jackdidnotknowwherehecouldfindsuc
4、hagoodteacher. 杰克不知道到哪能找到这样一个好老师。2）有些动词，如ask,show,tell,advise,inform,teach等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词”结构。 Haveyoutoldhimwheretogettheapplicationform? 你告诉他哪里领申请表了吗？2.must和have to的用法。【区别】1：must多表示主观需要或责任感的驱使有必要或有义务去做某事，多译为“必须”，而have to多表示客观存在的环境所限，即客观要求(无奈)而为之，多译为“不得不干某事”。I must clean the room beca
5、use it is too dirty.（无人强迫）因为太脏了，我必须要打扫房间。We must be there on time.（责任感的驱使）我们一定准时到达。I have to do my homework now.（不得不做）我现在不得不做作业。I have to leave school because my family is poor now.因为家里穷了，我不得不退学。【区别】2：must没有时态的变化，而have to有时态的变化。Daming was hurt. The doctor said he had to stay in hospital for about tw
6、o weeks. His father has to go to take care of him. 大明受伤了。医生说他大概得住院两周，他的父亲得去照顾他。We dont have to go to school on Sundays. 星期天我们不必上学。【区别】3：must的否定为mustnt，多表示“禁令”。No! You mustnt turn left! You must turn right into The Strand.不！你不能向左转！你应该向右转进入到strand中。由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to，否定回答要用neednt或dont have
7、 to，意思是“不必”；此用法在中考中的单选题中容易出现！1）Must I finish my homework before eight oclock?Yes, you must.我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗？是的，必须。2）Must I attend the meeting?No, you neednt/ dont have to. You can ask Tom to go instead.我必须要参加这次会议吗？不。你不必。你可以让汤姆替你去。能力拓展一、 完成句子1他们或许不得不坐出租车去那里。（完成译句）They might _ _ take the taxi to go ther
8、e.2我不得不用功学习，因此我睡眠不足。I _ study _ I dont get enough sleep.3最后班车已经开走了，所以我只好步行回家。The last bus had gone, so I _ back home.4你不必担心钱的问题，我可以借一些钱给你。You _ _ _ worry about money; I can lend some money to you.5他不必10点前睡觉。 He _ _ to be in bed by ten oclock.6他说他们必须努力工作。He said that they _ work hard.分层提分题组A 能力提升练7Le
9、ts climb to the top of the mountain _ you are not tired, shall we?You _ be kidding! I am afraid of high places!Aif; mustBwhen; mayCsince; shouldDalthough; can8Must I return the book this week?No, you _.AmustntBneedntCdontDcant9Must I return the book this afternoon?No, you_. You can keep it for a wee
10、k.AshouldntBdont have toCcantDmustnt10Must I hand in my book review this evening?Oh, you _. You can hand it in tomorrow morning.AmustBhave toCmustntDdont have to11 Who is the girl dancing in the hall?It _ be Lucy. Only she entered the hall this morning.AmustBmayCcantDcould12Sixty yuan for this shirt
11、? You _ be joking!Im serious. There was a sale on in that shop.AmustBshouldCmayDneed13Lucy has to do the same thing every day. She _ be very bored with her job.AcanBmustCmayDneed14Whose notebook is this? It _ be Jims. His name is on it.AmustBmay notCmightDcant15In England, you _ say Mr. or Mrs. when
12、 you meet someone for the first time.AwillBmustCmightDcould16When _ I hand in my homework, Mr. Wang?_ Tuesday. Its the last day.Acan; OnBmust; ByCmight; ByDshould; On17 Mom, can I go out with Anna tonight? Sure, but you _ come back home by 9:00.AcantBneedntCmustDneed18Dad, can I go to the movies thi
13、s evening?Sure, but you _ come back home before 9 oclock.AcanBmayCmustDmight19Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?Something _ to him.Amust happenBshould have happenedCmust have happened题组B 培优拔尖练20You _ be careful when you drive your car in such a rainy day. OK, Mom. I will.AmayBcanCsh
14、allDmust21Can I wear any clothes I like to school? No, you cant. You _ wear the uniform.AmightBmustCwillDwould22Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? Yes, you _.AmustBcanCmayDmight23May I play computer games now, Mum?No. You _ finish your homework first.AmustBcanCcouldDmay24Dad, must we
15、wait until the light becomes green?Yes, Im afraid we _. Thats the traffic rule.AcanBmayChave to25I didnt know _ the wall, Amy didnt know _.Awhich to paint colour; eitherBwhich to paint; tooCwhich to colour paint; tooDwhich colour to paint; either26I cant decide _.Awhat to do itBhow shall I do itChow
16、 to do itDwhat shall I do it27We often meet together and discuss _.Awhat to readBabout to read whatCto read whatDabout what to read28Where will you go for your summer holiday?I havent decided where _.AgoBwentCgoingDto go29Have you decided when _ a trip to Sanya?Not yet.AtakingBtakenCto takeDtook30Wo
17、uld you please tell me _ to do tomorrow?AwhatBhowCwhenDwhere31Which book do you like best? I cant decide_.AWhich one to buyBto buy which oneCBuy which oneDwhich one should I buy32He was too excited to know what to _.AspeakBtellCsaysDsay33-Mr. Wu has recommended many books. Have you decided first?-Yes. The Little Prince.Ahow to readBwhich to readCwhen to readDwhere to read34We are going for a picnic tomorrow. Ill call Wendy to make sure_.Awhy to startBwhich to startCwhat to startDwhen to start35-Have you decided this afternoon?-A novel.Awhere to readBwhen to readChow to readDwhat to read