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1、www.XiYuS锡育软件So I guess it is a result of globalization that you can findCoca-Cola tins on top of Everest and Buddhist monk inMonterey.我认为全球化的后果之一就是你能在 珠穆朗玛峰上发现可口可乐易拉罐，也能在Monterey(TED大会所在地)看到佛教僧侣。00:15(Laughter)And so I just came,two days ago,from theHimalayas to your kind invitation.（笑声）两天前，我受邀从喜马拉
2、雅来到这里。00:25So I would like to invite you,also,for a while,to theHimalayas themselves.同时我也想邀请你们空时去喜马拉雅。00:34And to show the place where meditators,like me,who beganwith being a molecular biologist in Pasteur Institute,andfound their way to the mountains.在喜马拉雅，修行者们，譬如我-一位起初在巴斯德研究所从事分子研究的人，寻得了心灵的归宿。00:
3、40So these are a few images I was lucky to take and be there.屏幕上的这些照片是我有幸去过的地方。00:55Theres the Mount Kailash in Eastern Tibet-wonderfulsetting.这是位于西藏东部的岗仁波齐峰-非常美。01:01This is from Marlboro country.这是万宝路的产地（指美国）。01:07(Laughter)This is Turquoise Lake.（笑声）这是碧湖。01:09A meditator.这是一位修行者。01:16This is the
4、hottest day of the year somewhere in EasternTibet on August 1st.这是西藏东部一年中最热的一天，八月一号。01:19globalization:n.全球化 tins:abbr.炮塔综合夜间瞄准镜(TurretIntegratedNightSight)monk:n.僧侣,修道士;和尚molecular:adj.化学分子的;由分子组成的 biologist:n.生物学家 Turquoise:n.绿松石;蓝绿色/adj.蓝绿色的 hottest:adj.热的;最热门的;热烈的And the night before,we camped,a
5、nd my Tibetan friendssaid,We are going to sleep outside.And I said,Why?Wehave enough space in the tent.这是7月31号晚上，我们在露营，我的西藏朋友说-“我们今晚在露天睡。”我说：“为什么？帐篷里有地方睡啊。”01:24They said,Yes,but its summertime.我的朋友们说：“这可是夏天。”01:33(Laughter)So now,we are going to speak of happiness.（笑声）现在，我们来谈谈幸福。01:35As a Frenchman
6、,I must say that there are a lot of Frenchintellectuals that think happiness is not at all interesting.作为一个法国人，我不得不提及法国的许多知识分子，他们皆认为幸福毫无乐趣。01:43(Laughter)I just wrote an essay on happiness,and there wasa controversy.（笑声）我曾写过一篇关于幸福的散文，但却引起一场辩论。01:51And someone wrote an article saying,dont impose on u
7、sthe dirty work of happiness.有人撰文说：不要将幸福这烦人的话题强加于我们。01:55(Laughter)We dont care about being happy.We need tolive with passion.（笑声）我们不在乎幸不幸福。我们需要的是激情人生。02:00We like the ups and downs of life.我们喜欢刺激的生活。02:06We like our suffering because its so good when it ceases forawhile.我们喜欢痛苦，因为转瞬的痛苦是如此美好。02:09cam
8、ped:adj.露宿的/v.露营(camp的过去式和过去分词)summertime:n.夏季 intellectuals:n.劳经知识分子(intellectual的复数)impose on:利用;欺骗;施加影响于 dirty work:不法行为;卑鄙勾当;苦活 ups and downs:n.沉浮;盛衰;高低ceases:n.停止(cease的复数形式)/v.停止(cease的第三人称单数);终了 awhile:adv.一会儿;片刻(Laughter)This is what I see from the balcony of myhermitage in the Himalayas.（笑声
9、）这张照片是我所处的喜马拉雅的修道院阳台上看到的景象。02:12Its about two meters by three,and you are all welcome anytime.阳台只有两三米阔，欢迎你们随时来做客。02:21(Laughter)Now,lets come to happiness or well-being.（笑声）我们再说回幸福这个话题。02:24And first of all,you know,despite what the Frenchintellectuals say,it seems that no one wakes up in themorning
10、 thinking,May I suffer the whole day?首先，不管法国的知识分子们如何评价幸福，似乎没有人会在早上睡醒时想到“今天我可以痛苦一回吗？”02:32(Laughter)Which means that somehow-consciously or not,directly or indirectly,in the short or the long term,whateverwe do,whatever we hope,whatever we dream-somehow,isrelated to a deep,profound desire for well-be
11、ing orhappiness.（笑声）这在某种程度上意味着-有意识地或无意识地 直接或间接地，短期或长期地，我们的行为，我们的希望，我们的梦想-都为了寻求内心深处的幸福。02:41As Pascal said,even the one who hangs himself,somehow,is正如帕斯卡（法国数学家、物理学家、哲学家）所说：即使是上吊自杀的人 也是为了摆脱痛苦-因TED演讲者：Matthieu Ricard|马太福音.理查德演讲标题：Habits of happiness|论幸福内容概要：Sometimes called the happiest man in the worl
12、d,Matthieu Ricard is a Buddhistmonk,author and photographer.幸福是什么，如何让所有人都能幸福?佛教僧侣Matthieu Richard(曾是一位生物化学家）认为人们可以通过修身养性来求得内心真正的安宁和圆满。As Pascal said,even the one who hangs himself,somehow,islooking for cessation of suffering-he finds no other way.说：即使是上吊自杀的人 也是为了摆脱痛苦-因为别无他法。03:03But then,if you look
13、 in the literature,East and West,you canfind incredible diversity of definition of happiness.在东西方文学中，你能看到 关于幸福的各式各样定义。03:14balcony:n.阳台；包厢；戏院楼厅 hermitage:n.隐士生活;隐士住处 well-being:n.幸福;康乐 first of all:adv.首先consciously:adv.自觉地;有意识地 indirectly:adv.间接地;不诚实;迂回地 Pascal:n.帕斯卡(压力的单位)cessation:n.停止;中止;中断 dive
14、rsity:n.多样性;差异Some people say,I only believed in remembering the past,imagining the future,never the present.有人认为幸福只存于回忆中，及对未来的憧憬，而不存在于当下。03:22Some people say happiness is right now;its the quality ofthe freshness of the present moment.有人则认为此刻即是幸福，其意义在于即时鲜活的生命力。03:29And that led to Henri Bergson,the
15、 French philosopher,tosay,All the great thinkers of humanity have left happiness inthe vague so that they could define-each of them coulddefine their own terms.而法国哲学家亨利.柏格森认为“人类所有伟大的思想家给幸福下的定义都是模糊的 他们按自己的思维方式给出不同的定义。”03:36Well,that would be fine if it was just a secondarypreoccupation in life.当然，如果幸
16、福不是生活中最令人全神贯注的，模糊倒也无所谓。03:49But now,if it is something that is going to determine thequality of every instant of our life,then we better know whatit is,have some clearer idea.但如今，如果幸福会决定 我们的整个生活质量，那我们最好还是弄清楚幸福到底是什么。03:55And probably,the fact that we dont know that is why,sooften,although we seek hap
17、piness,it seems we turn our backto it.而实际上我们很可能不知道为何我们总是 在寻找幸福而事实上却似乎是背道而驰，04:06Although we want to avoid suffering,it seems we are runningsomewhat towards it.虽然我们不想遭受痛苦，却似乎在某种程度上奔向痛苦。04:14And that can also come from some confusions.原因之一是概念混淆。04:19freshness:n.新;新鲜;精神饱满 preoccupation:n.全神贯注,入神;当务之急;关
18、注的事物;抢先占据;成见 confusions:n.混淆,混乱;困惑One of the most common ones is happiness and pleasure.其中最普遍的一个混淆是幸福和享乐。04:23But,if you look at the characteristics of those two,pleasure iscontingent upon time,upon its object,upon the place.如果比较二者的特征会发现 享乐视时间、对象、地点而定。04:27It is something that changes of nature.享乐不是
19、自然而然得到的。04:38Beautiful chocolate cake:first serving is delicious,second onenot so much,then we feel disgust.漂亮的巧克力蛋糕第一次吃起来觉得是美味，吃多了就开始觉得恶心了。04:43(Laughter)Thats the nature of things:we get tired.（笑声）原因就是：我们觉得腻了。04:50I used to be a fan of Bach.I used to play it on the guitar,youknow.我曾经喜欢巴赫的音乐。常用吉他弹奏
20、。04:56I can hear it two,three,five times.我可以把一首乐曲听两遍，三遍，甚至五遍。05:00If I had to hear it 24 hours,non-stop,it might be very tiring.可如果我连续24小时不停地听，就听腻了。05:02If you are feeling very cold,you come near a fire,its sowonderful.如果你觉得冷，烤烤火会觉得很舒服。05:07Then,after some moments,you just go a little back,and theni
21、t starts burning.片刻后，你稍稍后退，火开始烧旺了。05:12It sort of uses itself as you experience it.火的不同用处在于你不同的体验。05:16And also,again,it can-also,its something that you-it isnot something that is radiating outside.这种体验只有你才有 只是你的体验而不是火自身的本质。05:22characteristics:n.特性,特征;特色(characteristic的复数);特质 contingent:adj.因情况而异的;
22、不一定的;偶然发生的;可能的;依情况而定的;偶然的;逻有条件的/n.分遣队;偶然事件;分得部分;代表团 non-stop:adj.直达的;中途不停的/adv.不停地tiring:adj.累人的;麻烦的;无聊的;引起疲劳的/v.厌倦;使劳累(tire的ing形式);感到疲倦 radiating:adj.v.发射出(光,热等)(radiate的现在分词);(使品质或情感)显出,流露;射出,向四周伸出;散热Like,you can feel intense pleasure and some others aroundyou can be suffering a lot.你觉得舒服 而你周围的人可能
23、会觉得痛苦。05:28Now,what then,will be happiness?那么什么是幸福呢？05:35And happiness,of course,is such a vague word,so lets saywell-being.当然幸福这个词听来觉得比较含糊，就称呼其为美满吧。05:38And so,I think the best definition,according to the Buddhistview,is that well-being is not just a mere pleasurablesensation.我认为佛教中关于美满的定义说得很好，佛教认为
24、美满不是单纯的享乐。05:45www.XiYuS锡育软件It is a deep sense of serenity and fulfillment,a state thatactually pervades and underlies all emotional states and all而是一种内心的安宁、圆满，是一种能把所有内心情感融合的心境，能把所有快乐和悲伤融合的心境。05:56actually pervades and underlies all emotional states and allthe joys and sorrows that can come ones way
25、.心境。05:56For you,that might be surprising.听到这里，你们也许会觉得惊奇。06:16Can we have this kind of well-being while being sad?In away,why not?难道真的可以在悲伤的时候也能获得美满吗？但一切皆有可能！06:18Because we are speaking of a different level.只要我们换个角度去想。06:24Look at the waves coming here to shore.我们来看看涌向岸边的海浪。06:30pleasurable:adj.快乐的
26、;心情舒畅的;令人愉快的 sensation:n.感觉;轰动;感动 serenity:n.平静,宁静;晴朗,风和日丽fulfillment:n.履行;实行 pervades:vt.遍及;弥漫 underlies:vt.成为的基础;位于之下 sorrows:n.伤心事;不幸的事(sorrow的复数)In a way:在某种程度上;有点儿;十分激动When you are at the bottom of the wave,you hit the bottom.当你被海浪打在水下时会触到水底。06:34You hit the solid rock.会碰到水底的岩石。06:38When you ar
27、e surfing on the top,you are all elated.当你在浪尖上时，你兴高采烈。06:40So you go from elation to depression,theres no depth.从高兴变得沮丧，是因为心性不定。06:42Now,if you look at the high sea,there might be beautiful,calm ocean like a mirror.当你看到大海，你可能觉得它美丽，如镜一般平静。06:47There might be storms,but the depth of the ocean is still
28、there,unchanged.即使风暴发生，但海底依旧平静。06:53So now,how is that?这是一种什么状态呢？07:01It can only be a state of being,not just a fleeting emotion,sensation.这是一种内心的平和，而不是短暂的情感变化。07:03Even joy,that can be the spring of happiness.即使高兴可以引发幸福感，07:08But theres also wicked joy,you can rejoice in someonessuffering.但也存在着病态的
29、高兴-那就是幸灾乐祸。07:12So how do we proceed in our quest for happiness?Very oftenwe look outside.人们是如何寻找幸福的呢？通常都是借助外在的东西。07:16surfing:n.冲浪游戏/v.冲浪(surf的ing形式)elated:adj.兴高采烈的;得意洋洋的/v.使兴奋(elate的过去式和过去分词)elation:n.兴高采烈,得意洋洋 depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁 unchanged:adj.未改变的 fleeting:adj.飞逝的;转瞬间的/v.迅速移动(fleet的ing形式)
30、wicked:adj.邪恶的；恶劣的；不道德的；顽皮的 rejoice:vi.高兴;庆祝/vt.使高兴We think that if we could gather this and that,all theconditions,something that we say,Everything to be happy-to have everything to be happy.觉得只要拥有了所有东西就能幸福了，拥有一切就能幸福 拥有一切就拥有幸福。07:24That very sentence already reveals the doom of destructionof happin
31、ess.这种说法本身就说明了幸福的脆弱。07:35To have everything.If we miss something,it collapses.因为它的前提是拥有一切，而如果不能拥有一切幸福就消失了07:39And also,when things go wrong we try to fix the outside somuch,but our control of the outer world is limited,temporary,and often,illusory.另一方面，当生活出现问题时，我们关注的总是那些外在的因素，但我们对外部世界的掌控是有限的、暂时的，而且通
32、常是虚幻的。07:44So now,look at inner conditions.Arent they stronger?让我们来了解一下我们的内心世界吧。我们的内心世界难道不强大吗？07:57Isnt it the mind that translates the outer condition intohappiness and suffering?难道不是只有内心世界才能把外部条件转换成幸福或痛苦吗？08:01And isnt that stronger?难道内心世界不强大吗？08:07We know,by experience,that we can be what we call
33、 in littleparadise我们都亲身体验过内心的快乐08:09and yet,be completely unhappy within.和不快乐。08:14The Dalai Lama was once in Portugal,and there was a lot ofconstruction going on everywhere.有一次，达赖喇嘛去葡萄牙，当时那里到处在盖楼。08:19So one evening he said,Look,you are doing all these things,but isnt it nice,also,to build somethin
34、g within?一天晚上达赖说：“你们这里盖这么多楼，但如果把精力用来提升人们的内心世界不是更好吗？08:24collapses:vt.使倒塌;使瓦解/vi.倒塌;崩溃;价格下跌/n.倒塌;失败;体力不支 illusory:adj.错觉的;幻影的;虚假的;产生幻觉的Lama:n.喇嘛And he said,Unless that-even you get high-tech flat onthe 100th floor of a super-modern and comfortable building,if you are deeply unhappy within,all you are
35、 going to lookfor is a window from which to jump.就算你住的是现代化公寓 甚至是住在舒适的摩天大楼的第100层，可如果你的内心不快乐，窗户是解脱的唯一路径。”08:30So now,at the opposite,we know a lot of people who are invery difficult circumstances manage to keep serenity,innerstrength,inner freedom,confidence.相反，有许多生活贫困的人 内心却能很平和，内心坚强、自由、自信。08:47So now
36、,if the inner conditions are stronger-of course,theouter conditions do influence,and its wonderful to livelonger,healthier,to have access to information,education,to拥有了强大的内心世界-当然在外在条件的辅助下，人们能活得更健康、长寿，能受教育，能去旅行，能活得自由，这也是人们最想得到的。09:00longer,healthier,to have access to information,education,tobe able t
37、o travel,to have freedom,its highly desirable.09:00However,this is not enough;those are just auxiliary help,conditions.然而，外在条件只能起辅助作用。09:17The experience that translates everything is within the mind.实践证明内心决定着如何转化外部世界的一切。09:23So then,when we ask oneself how to nurture the conditionfor happiness,the
38、inner conditions,and which are thosewhich will undermine happiness.接下来大家可能要问：如何培育幸福的心田呢，决定幸福与否的关键是什么呢？09:28high-tech:adj.高科技的,高技术的;仿真技术的/n.高科技 auxiliary:n.助动词；辅助者，辅助物；附属机构/adj.辅助的；副的；附加的 nurture:vt.养育;鼓励;培植/n.养育;教养;营养物 undermine:vt.破坏,渐渐破坏;挖掘地基So then,this needs to have some experience.从我们的切身体验中能找到答
39、案。09:40We have to know from ourself,there are certain state ofmind that are conducive to this flourishing,to this well-being,what the Greeks called eudaimonia,flourishing.我们需要明确的就是在我们的内心有一种境界 能让我们沐浴在幸福中，也就是希腊语所说的恩赐、幸福、繁荣。09:43There are some which are adverse to this well-being.不过也有相反的一面。09:54And so,
40、if we look from our own experience-anger,hatred,jealousy,arrogance,obsessive desire,strong grasping-they dont leave us in such a good state after we haveexperienced it.如果我们自省-愤怒、怨恨、嫉妒、傲慢、强迫、占有欲-这些心态会让人迷失。09:59And also,they are detrimental to others happiness.而且也会给别人带来不幸。10:16So we may consider that
41、the more those are invading ourmind,and,like a chain reaction,the more we feel miserable,we feel tormented.我们被这些心态侵蚀的越深，就越感到迷茫和痛苦，这是种连锁反应。10:20know from:区别于 ourself:pron.我们;自己 conducive:adj.有益的;有助于的 flourishing:adj.繁荣的;繁茂的;盛行的/v.茂盛(flourish的ing形式)adverse to:不利于 jealousy:n.嫉妒;猜忌;戒备 arrogance:n.自大;傲慢态
42、度 obsessive:adj.强迫性的;着迷的;分神的 grasping:adj.贪婪的;紧紧抓住的/v.理解,领会(grasp的现在分词形式);抓紧,抓牢 detrimentalto:有害的 invading:侵入/入侵 tormented:拷打At the opposite,everyone knows deep within that an act ofselfless generosity,if from the distance,without anyoneknowing anything about it,we could save a childs life,makesomeo
43、ne happy.反之，无私地去做些事情，默默无闻地做些好事，比如挽救一个处境危险的孩子，就会令他人幸福。10:30We dont need the recognition.We dont need any gratitude.做这些不是为了让别人知道，让别人来感激。10:45Just the mere fact of doing that,fills such a sense ofadequation with our deep nature.而是出于人的本性，只是做了该做的。10:48And we would like to be like that all the time.其实这种行为
44、可以成为一种习惯。10:56So is that possible,to change our way of being,to transformones mind?那么人的行为方式和心态能够改变吗？10:59Arent those negative emotions,or destructive emotions,inherent to the nature of mind?那些负面情感 是与生俱来的吗？11:05Is change possible in our emotions,in our traits,in ourmoods?情感和心理特征是可以改变的吗？11:12For that
45、we have to ask,what is nature of mind?要弄清这些疑问首先要弄清本性是指什么。11:18And if we look from the experiential point of view,there is aprimary quality of consciousness,thats just the mere fact tobe cognitive,to be aware.通常认为 意识的一个基本特征 就是其可被认知性。11:21selfless:adj.无私的;不考虑自己的 generosity:n.慷慨,大方;宽宏大量 inherent:adj.固有
46、的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的traits:n.特性,特质,性格(trait的复数)moods:n.情绪(mood的复数)experiential:adj.经验的;经验上的;根据经验的 pointof view:观点;见地;立场 consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉 cognitive:adj.认知的，认识的Consciousness is like a mirror that allows all images to rise onit.意识如镜。11:33You can have ugly faces,beautiful faces in the mirror.不管人长得
47、漂不漂亮，11:38The mirror allows that,but the mirror is not tainted,is notmodified,is not altered by those images.镜子都能接受，镜子不会因照镜子的人长得丑而变脏，也不会因照镜子的人漂亮而变干净，镜子自身不会改变。11:41Likewise,behind every single thought there is the bareconsciousness,pure awareness.同样如此，每个想法后面存在的意识也是不会随着想法的好坏而改变的。11:49This is the natur
48、e.It cannot be tainted intrinsically withhatred or jealousy because,then,if it was always there-likea dye that would permeate the whole cloth-then it wouldbe found all the time,somewhere.这就是本性。本性不会因怨恨或嫉妒而改变，本性是固有的-就像染料能把布染上颜色-本性终究会被发觉。11:57We know were not always angry,always jealous,always人不会总是发怒、嫉
49、妒，也不会总是很慷慨。12:11We know were not always angry,always jealous,alwaysgenerous.12:11So,because the basic fabric of consciousness is this purecognitive quality that differentiates it from a stone,there is apossibility for change because all emotions are fleeting.意识的基本特征 是其可认知性，这也是人和石头的区别，所有情感都是可以改变的，因为情
50、感是瞬间产生的。12:16tainted:adj.污染的;感染的 modified:adj.改进的,修改的;改良的/v.修改;缓和(modify的过去分词)altered:v.改变(alter的过去分词)/adj.改变了的;蚀变的/n.为参加短程高速汽车赛而改装的赛车 awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道 intrinsically:adv.本质地;内在地;固有地 permeate:vt.渗透,透过;弥漫/vi.弥漫;透入;散布 differentiates:区分/差别/使有差别That is the ground for mind training.因此，人的心灵可以修炼。12:2