《MarcoAlvera_2017S[Marco Alverà][让企业运行更好的惊人因素].pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《MarcoAlvera_2017S[Marco Alverà][让企业运行更好的惊人因素].pdf（6页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、www.XiYuS锡育软件For me,it was not being invited to a friends wedding.有一次,我的一个朋友 没有邀请我参加他的婚礼。00:12At first,I didnt really mind.最开始我并不在意。00:17I thought he was having a small reception.我想他只是举办了一个小小的聚会。00:19But then I kept meeting people who were going to the samewedding,and they werent as close to the gro
2、om as I was.但是后来我遇见了 好多去参加婚礼的人,这些人也并没有 我和新郎的关系那么好,00:21and I felt left out.我觉得自己受了冷落,00:29That really sucked.非常难受。00:30It felt really unfair.感觉很不公平。00:31For my daughters,Lipsi and Greta,it was last week.上个礼拜,我的两个女儿,Lipsi和Greta00:34They were taking turns massaging their moms back with atoy for back r
3、ubs,and then one of the girls felt that the othergirl had a longer go.她们正在轮流用一个按摩棒 给妈妈按摩后背。一个女孩儿感觉另一个 按摩的时间长了一点,00:39Thats when I walk into the room to find Greta in a rage,shouting,Thats not fair!就在这时我走进了房间,发现Greta开始发火,大喊着”这不公平！”00:48and Lipsi in tears,and my wife holding a stopwatch to makesure th
4、at each girl had precisely one minute on the toy.Lipsi则哭了起来,我的妻子只好拿了一块秒表,确保每个女孩用的时间正好一分钟。00:53groom:vt.整饰；推荐；喂马；刷洗(马等)/vi.打扮/n.新郎；马夫；男仆 sucked:v.吸,吮;吸收;吞没(suck的过去分词)massaging:v.按摩(massage的现在分词)/n.推拿 rubs:擦 walk into:v.走进;不慎陷入;痛斥 stopwatch:n.码表;跑表/vt.用秒表测定时间So if youre anything like me or my girls,th
5、e last thing thatupset you probably also had to do with unfairness.如果你是我和我女儿这样的人,最近一次让你心烦的事,很可能也跟不公平有关。01:03Thats because unfairness triggers us so strongly that wecant think straight.因为不公平总能让我们反应强烈,无法理智思考,01:14We become afraid and suspicious.我们变得害怕而多疑,01:20Our unfairness antennae stick up.对于不公平十分敏感
6、。01:23We feel pain,and we walk away.我们感到痛苦,于是避而远之。01:27Unfairness is one of the defining issues of our society,its oneof the root causes of polarization,and its bad news forbusiness.不公平是我们社会中的 一个重要问题,它是两极分化的一个根本原因,对于企业来讲,这可不是一个好消息。01:30At work,unfairness makes people defensive and disengaged.在工作中,不公
7、平让人们 变得消极而散漫。01:40A study shows that 70 percent of workers in the US aredisengaged,and this is costing the companies 550 billiondollars a year every year.一项研究表明美国70%的工作者 都存在工作不投入的现象,而这正在让公司 每年遭受5500亿美元的损失。01:45This is,like,half the total spent on education in the US.这个数字是美国 每年教育经费的一半。01:58This is th
8、e size of the GDP of a country like Austria.像奥地利这种国家的 GDP也就这么多。02:03unfairness:n.不公平,不公正;不正当 triggers:n.电子触发器;触发物(trigger的复数)/v.引起(trigger的单三形式);引爆antennae:n.电讯天线(等于aerial);昆触须;植蕊喙;直觉 stick up:竖起;伸直;突出 defining:adj.最典型的;起决定性作用的/v.规定(define的ing形式);给下定义;表明特征 polarization:n.极化;偏振;两极分化 disengaged:adj.空闲
9、的;自由的;已脱离的/v.脱离(disengage的过去分词)So removing unfairness and promoting fairness should beour priority.所以消除不公平,推进公平的进程 应该成为我们的首要任务。02:08But what does it mean in practice?但我们又该如何付诸行动呢？02:13Is it about more rules?Is it about systems?应该有更多的规定吗？是体系的问题吗？02:15Is it about equality?是我们的平等出了问题吗？02:18Well,partly,
10、but fairness is more interesting than rules and的确,但这只是一部分原因,公平远比规章制度和平等要复杂。02:20TED演讲者：Marco Alver|Marco Alver演讲标题：The surprising ingredient that makes businesses work better|让企业运行更好的惊人因素内容概要：What is it about unfairness?Whether it.s not being invited to a friend.s wedding orgetting penalized for bad
11、 luck or an honest mistake,unfairness often makes us so upset thatwe can.t think straight.And it.s not just a personal issue-it.s also bad for business,saysMarco Alver.He explains how his company works to create a culture of fairness-and howtapping into our innate sense of what.s right and wrong mak
12、es for happier employees andbetter results.不公平究竟是怎么回事？不论是没有被朋友邀请参加婚礼，还是因为运气不好或者无意犯的错而受到惩罚，不公平总让我们心烦意乱，以至于无法理智思考。同时，它也不仅仅是一个个人问题不公平同样对工作造成了不好的影响，Marco Alver这样说道。他阐释了他的公司创造公平环境的办法，同时说明了通过发掘人们潜意识里的是非观，是如何让员工们更加积极，从而获得更好的收益的。Well,partly,but fairness is more interesting than rules andequality.等要复杂。02:20F
13、airness works in surprising ways.公平以一种你意想不到的 方式运作着。02:2515 years ago,I left a US investment bank to join a largeItalian state-owned oil company.十五年前,我离开了一家 美国的投资银行,加入了一个庞大的 意大利国有石油公司。02:28It was a different world.工作环境完全不一样。02:38I thought the key to getting the best performance was a risk-reward syst
14、em where you could give the high performersbonuses and promotions and give the underperformerssomething to worry about.我当时想,要有好的表现,关键就在于一套“风险补偿系统”。在这种体系里,表现好的人 得到报酬和提拔,表现不好的人则得到一些警告。02:40But in this company,we had fixed salaries and lifelong jobs.但是在这家公司里,我们的工资都是固定的,有着一份终身工作。02:52promoting:促进/晋升/促销
15、in practice:在实践中;实际上,事实上 Italian:adj.意大利的；意大利语的；意大利文化的/n.意大利人；意大利语 state-owned:adj.国有的;国营的;州立的 risk-reward:风险补偿/风险回报 performers:n.表演者;执行者(performer的复数形式)bonuses:n.奖金(bonus的复数形式)promotions:n.促销;升职(promotion复数)salaries:n.工资;职员薪金(salary的复数)/v.给薪水(salary的第三人称单数形式)lifelong:adj.终身的Careers were set,so my t
16、oolkit wasnt very effective,and Iwas frustrated.岗位既然固定了,我的办法就变得没那么有效了。我感到很沮丧。02:58But then I saw that this company was producing somepockets of excellence,areas in which they beat thecompetition in very tough,competitive sectors.但是后来我发现这家公司 有一些特别的优势,在一些领域里 他们可以打败竞争对手,而且是在非常棘手,竞争激烈的部门。03:04This was t
17、rue in trading,in project management-it was verytrue in exploration.在贸易方面是这样,在项目管理上是这样,在勘探方面也是这样。03:14Our exploration team was finding more oil and gas than anyother company in the world.我们的勘探团队 发现的石油和天然气 比世界上任何其他公司都要多。03:20It was a phenomenon.真是个奇迹。03:26Everyone was trying to figure out how this wa
18、s possible.每个人都想知道这是怎么做到的。03:28I thought it was luck,but after each new discovery,thatbecame less and less likely.一开始我想这大概是运气吧,但是持续的新发现让这种猜测 变得越来越站不住脚。03:31So did we have a special tool?No.那么我们有什么 特别的工具吗？并没有。03:38Did we have a killer application that no one else had?No.我们有独一无二的 杀手级应用程序吗？没有。03:42Was
19、it one genius who was finding oil for the whole team?是有个天才帮整个团队找到石油吗？03:46No,we hadnt hired a senior guy in years.不,我们好几年没有 雇用高级员工了。03:49toolkit:n.工具包,工具箱 frustrated:adj.失意的,挫败的;泄气的/v.挫败;阻挠(frustrate的过去式和过去分词形式)excellence:n.优秀;美德;长处 competitive:adj.竞争的；比赛的；求胜心切的 sectors:n.部门;分区;扇区数(sector的复数)/v.把划成扇
20、形;把分成部分(sector的三单形式)So what was our secret sauce?那么我们的秘诀到底是什么？03:54I started looking at them really carefully.我开始非常仔细地研究。03:57I looked at my friend,who drilled seven dry wells,writing offmore than a billion dollars for the company,and found oil onthe eighth.我发现我的朋友,他打了七口枯井,浪费了公司十几亿美金,最后终于在第八口里发现了石油。
21、03:59I was nervous for him.我一直很担心他,04:08but he was so relaxed.但他毫不在意。04:12I mean,these guys knew what they were doing.这些人完全知道自己在做什么。04:14And then it hit me:it was about fairness.接下来我恍然大悟:这就是公平。04:17These guys were working in a company where they didntneed to worry about short-term results.这些人是在为一个 不
22、需要他们考虑 短期结果的公司工作。04:21They werent going to be penalized for bad luck or for anhonest mistake.他们不会因为运气不好或者 无意犯的错误而受到惩罚。04:26www.XiYuS锡育软件They knew they were valued for what they were trying to do,not the outcome.他们知道,是自己所做的事 让自己受到重视,而不是什么结果。04:31They were valued as human beings.They were part of acom
23、munity.他们被当作人来看待。他们是集体的一部分。04:35Whatever happened,the company would stand by them.不论发生什么,公司都会做他们的后盾。04:38And for me,this is the definition of fairness.对于我来说,这就是公平的意义。04:41drilled:adj.钻过孔的/v.钻孔(drill的过去分词形式)short-term:adj.短期的 penalized:vt.处罚;处刑;使不利 stand by:支持;袖手旁观;准备;站在旁边Its when you can lower those
24、 unfairness antennae,put themat rest.当你可以放下对不公平的戒备,04:44Then great things follow.好事就会随之而来。04:48These guys could be true to their purpose,which was findingoil and gas.这些人可以专心工作,寻找石油和天然气,04:50oil and gas.They didnt have to worry about company politics or greedor fear.而不需要担心公司政策,贪婪或恐惧。04:54They could b
25、e good risk-takers,because they werent toodefensive and they werent gambling to take huge rewards.他们可以冒更大的险,因为他们不用太心存戒备,也不用下很大赌注 来换取高额回报。04:59And they were excellent team workers.他们都是非常优秀的团队工作者。05:08They could trust their colleagues.他们可以信任自己的同事。05:11They didnt need to look behind their backs.他们不需要提防
26、 别人从背后捅刀子。05:12And they were basically having fun.而且他们还都很享受工作。05:16They were having so much fun,one guy even confessed thathe was having more fun at the company Christmas dinnerthan at his own Christmas dinner.他们非常开心,一个人甚至坦白 相比在家吃圣诞大餐,他更享受 公司的圣诞晚宴。05:18(Laughter)But these guys,essentially,were worki
27、ng in a fairsystem where they could do what they felt was right insteadof whats selfish,whats quick,whats convenient,and to beable to do what we feel is right is a key ingredient forfairness,but it is also a great motivator.（笑声）但最重要的是,这些人在一个 公平的体系里工作,在这里他们可以 做任何他们认为正确的事情,而不是那些利己的,快捷的,方便的事情。被允许做我们认为正
28、确的事情,是构成公平的关键因素,同样也是巨大的动力。05:27at rest:静止;休息;安眠 greed:n.贪婪，贪心 risk-takers:n.风险承担者;敢于冒险的人 gambling:n.赌博;投机/v.赌博;打赌(gamble的ing形式)rewards:n.劳经奖励;奖品(reward的复数)/v.劳经奖赏;酬谢;报答(reward的单三形式)confessed:adj.坦白的,认罪的;众所公认的,不容怀疑的;公开的,众所周知的 ingredient:n.原料;要素;组成部分/adj.构成组成部分的motivator:n.动力;激励因素And it wasnt just exp
29、lorers who were doing the right thing.不仅仅是这些勘探者们 在做正确的事情。05:49There was an HR director who proposed that I hire someoneinternally and give him a managerial job.曾经有一位人力资源总监 建议我从内部雇佣某个人,给他一份管理工作。05:52This guy was very good,but he didnt finish high school,soformally,he had no qualifications.这个人很优秀,但是他高
30、中都没念完,所以严格来讲,他并没有资格。06:00But he was so good,it made sense,and so we gave him thejob.但是他太优秀了,完全能够胜任,我们就给了他这份工作。06:06Or the other guy,who asked me for a budget to build acheese factory next to our plant in Ecuador,in the village.还有一个人曾经向我申请一笔经费,要建造一座奶酪工厂,就建在厄瓜多尔一个村子里 我们的工厂旁边。06:10It didnt make any sen
31、se:no one ever built a cheese factory.这简直太不靠谱了,我们没人修建过奶酪工厂。06:18But this is what the village wanted,because the milk they hadwould spoil before they could sell it,so thats what theyneeded.但是村民们需要它,因为他们的牛奶经常坏掉,根本卖不完,所以这是他们需要的。06:21And so we built it.因此我们建了这座工厂。06:27So in these examples and many other
32、s,I learned that to befair,my colleagues and I,we needed to take a risk and stickour head out,but in a fair system,you can do that.在这类事件中,我明白了要想变得公平,我和我的同事需要 承担风险,跳出规则,但在一个公平的体系中,这样做没问题。06:29proposed:adj.被提议的;所推荐的/v.提议;计划(propose的过去式和过去分词)internally:adv.内部地;国内地;内在地qualifications:n.资格证书;任职资格;职位要求;限定性
33、条件(qualification的复数形式)Ecuador:n.厄瓜多尔(位于拉丁美洲)head out:头向外;出海;片头就位,电影片头朝外You can dare to be fair.你可以勇敢地去做。06:40So I realized that these guys and other colleagues wereachieving great results,doing great things,in a way that nobonus could buy.所以我意识到,这些人 和我的其他同事 在追求好的结果,做正确的事情,这是不能用金钱买到的。06:42So I was fa
34、scinated.这深深吸引了我。06:54I wanted to learn how this thing really worked,and I wantedto learn it also for myself,to become a better leader.我想知道这种事情 到底是如何办到的,同时也是为了能让我自己 变成一个更好的领导者。06:55So I started talking to colleagues,to coaches,toheadhunters and neuroscientists,and what I discovered isthat what these
35、 guys were up to and the way they worked isreally supported by recent brain science.所以我开始和同事,教练,猎头,和神经学家交流。我发现,这些人做的事和他们工作的方式 是有着最新脑科学理论支持的。07:01And Ive also discovered that this can work at all levels in anytype of company.我还发现这对于各个层级,各种公司都适用。07:15You dont need the fixed salaries or the stable care
36、ers.并不只适用于有着 固定工资和稳定工作的岗位。07:19This is because science shows that humans have an innatesense of fairness.这是因为,科学证明,人类有与生俱来的公平感。07:24We know what is right and what is wrong before we can talkor think about it.什么是对的,什么是错的,在谈论或者琢磨它之前,我们就已经知道。07:32in a way:在某种程度上;有点儿;十分激动 coaches:n.教练;车厢(coach的复数形式)/v.训
37、练,指导(coach的单三形式)headhunters:n.猎头者,猎头(headhunter复数)neuroscientists:n.神经系统科学家 innate:adj.先天的；固有的；与生俱来的My favorite experiment has six-month old babies watching aball trying to struggle up a hill.有一个我最喜欢的实验,让六个月大的婴儿,看着一个球努力地 想要爬上一个山坡。07:38And theres a helpful,friendly square that pushes the ball upthe h
38、ill,and then a mean triangle pushes the ball back down.友好且乐于助人的方块 会帮这个球推上山坡,而卑鄙的三角则想要 把这个球推下去。07:48After watching this several times,they ask the babies to pick,to choose what to play with.数次之后,实验人员让婴儿选择 和谁一起玩,07:56They can pick a ball,a square or a triangle.他们可以选择球,方块或者三角。08:02They never pick up th
39、e triangle.他们从来没有选择过三角。08:07All the babies want to be the square.所有婴儿都想和方块一起玩。08:09And science also shows that when we see or perceive fairness,our brain releases a substance that gives us pleasure,properjoy.科学同样证明,当我们看到或察觉到公平的时候,我们的大脑会释放一种 令我们快乐的物质,令我们愉悦。08:13But when we perceive unfairness,we feel
40、 pain.但是当我们察觉到不公平的时候,我们会感到痛苦,08:24even greater pain than the same type of pain as if I reallyhurt myself.甚至要比 有时候真的伤到了自己还要痛苦。08:28Thats because unfairness triggers the primitive,reptile partof our brain,the part that deals with threats and survival,andwhen unfairness triggers a threat,thats all we c
41、an thinkabout.这是因为不公平刺激了 大脑最原始的那部分,那个用于处理威胁和 生存问题的部分。当不公平催生了一种 威胁的时候,一切都完了。08:33ball up:搞成一团糟;使混乱 back down:放弃;让步 reptile:adj.爬虫类的;卑鄙的/n.爬行动物;卑鄙的人Motivation,creativity,teamwork,they all go way back.动力,创造力,团队合作,全都没有了。08:44And it makes sense that were wired this way,because weresocial animals.我们如此紧张是有
42、道理的,因为我们是群居动物。08:49We need to be part of a community to survive.我们需要成为集体的 一部分才能生存。08:54Were born so helpless that someone needs to look after usuntil were maybe 10 years old,so our brain evolves towardsfood.我们生来都是如此弱小,可能到十岁 都需要有人照顾我们。所以我们的大脑向食物进化。08:57We need to be in that community.我们需要成为集体的一部分。09:
43、05So whether I like it or not,not being invited to the friendswedding,my lizard brain is generating the same response asif Im about to be pushed out from my community.所以不管我喜不喜欢,没有被邀请参加朋友的婚礼,我那原始的大脑都会产生反应,让我感觉像被集体排斥了一样。09:07So science explains quite nicely why fairness is good and whyunfairness makes
44、 us really defensive,but science also showsthat in a fair environment,not only do we all want to be thesquare,but we tend to be the square,and this allows otherpeople to be fair in turn.因此,科学很好的说明了 为什么公平很好,为什么不公平让我们如此抵触,但科学同样说明了 在一个公平的环境里,我们不只是想成为那个方块,在潜意识里就是这么认为的。这让其他人也渐渐地想要变得公平。09:20This creates a
45、 beautiful fairness circle.这种现象创造了一个积极的公平循环。09:39Motivation:n.动机;积极性;推动 teamwork:n.团队合作;协力 evolves:v.进化,进展(evolve的第三人称单数形式)lizard:n.蜥蜴;类蜥蜴爬行动物 in turn:轮流,依次But while we start off fair.但虽然我们一开始是公平的09:43one drop of unfairness contaminates the whole pool,andunfortunately,theres plenty of drops in that
46、pool.一颗老鼠屎却能坏了一锅汤,不幸的是,很多情况下都是如此。09:46So our effort should be to filter out as much unfairness as wecan from everywhere,starting from our communities,startingfrom our companies.所以我们应该致力于 尽可能地把不公平去掉,从我们的集体开始,公司开始。09:56I worry about this a lot because I lead a team of 3,000excellent people,and the dif
47、ference between 3,000 happy,motivated team workers and 3,000 clock-watchers iseverything.我对这些事很担心,是因为我领导着 一个有着三千位优秀员工的团队。最重要的,就是三千名快乐,充满动力的员工和三千名看着表 等着下班的人之间的区别。10:06So the first thing I try to do in my fairness crusade is to try totake myself out of the equation.所以,在我的公平改革之中,我尝试的第一件事情就是 就是把我自己去掉。10
48、:20That means being aware of my own biases.我的意思是了解自己的偏见。10:29For example,I really like people who say yes to whatever Isuggest.比如,我特别喜欢 那些不管我说什么 都同意的人。10:31(Laughter)But thats not very good for the company and notvery good for anyone who has different ideas.（笑声）但是这对于一个公司 来说不是什么好事,对于那些持有不同意见的人也不好。10:
49、35So we try to actively promote a culture of diversity ofopinions and diversity of character.所以我们想要积极推广 一种包容各种观点 和不同性格的文化。10:41start off:出发,开始 contaminates:vt.污染,弄脏/n.受到污染的 motivated:adj.有动机的;有积极性的/v.使产生动机;激发的积极性(motivate的过去式和过去分词)aware:adj.意识到的；知道的；有方面知识的；懂世故的/biases:n.偏差,偏见(bias的复数形式)/v.偏见(bias的三单
50、形式)diversity:n.多样性;差异The second thing we do is a little more procedural.我们做的第二件事情 则有一点程序化。10:47We look at all the rules,the processes,the systems in thecompany,the ones we use to take decisions and allocateresources,and we try to get rid of anything thats not veryclear,not very rational,doesnt make