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1、2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语冲刺卷（一）本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试 卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下
2、一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man want?A. Beef.B. Coke.C. Cake.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Here you are.M: Oh, I dont think these are mine.W: You said you want beef and cokeM: Actually 1 asked for a piece of cake.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the woman going to do tonight?A. Go to the cinema.B.
3、 Work on a paper.C. Stay at home.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: Lets go to the movies tonight.W: I dont want to. After working on the paper for almost six hours, I just want to have a good rest at home.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where are the speakers going?B. To a gym.C. To a supermarket.A. To a park.才能有意义。）”和最后一段 uThe
4、 language system provides us with all the clues to extract（iMX）meaning from those seemingly meaningless symbols.（语言系统为我们提供了从那些看似毫无意义的符号中提取意义的所有 线索。）”可知，文章中提到了 4种关于学习语言的观点。故选D项。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第1题的分析可知，文章提到了4种关于语言学习的观点，所以作者是通过陈述不同的 观点来展开文章的。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。不艮据文章第五段 uLanguage must be based firmly on
5、some useful information to be meaningful. Take the word dog for example, the meaning for the word comes from the fact that in our mind, we can “see the fbur-legged animal, mentally hear its barking, imagine its particular dog smell, and picture what it feels like to touch it gently.（语言必须牢固地建立在有用信息的基
6、础上，才能有意义。以“狗”这个词为例，这个词的含 义来自于这样一个事实：在我们的脑海中，我们可以“看到”这种四条腿的动物，在脑海中听到它的叫声, 想象它特有的狗味，并描绘出轻轻地触摸它的感觉。）”可知，作者通过以“狗”这个词为例来说明语言必 须牢固地建立在有用信息的基础上，才能有意义，所以作者在第五段提到“狗”这个词是为了说明用特定 的信息来呈现词语是有意义的。故选D项。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is one of many examples suggesting that the language system is helping us save our effor
7、ts to extract meaning.（这是许多例子之一，表明语言系统正在帮助我们节省提取意义的努力。）” 可知，语言系统正在帮助我们节省提取意义的努力，即语言系统帮助人类更快地处理语言。故选A项。CChatGPT, an artificial intelligence（AI）-powered chat robot that creates surprisingly intelligent-sounding text in response to user prompts（提示），including homework assignments and exam-style question
8、s. The replies are so clear, well-researched and properly referenced that some academics are calling ChatGPT the death ring for conventional forms of educational assessment. How worried should professors and lecturers be?Dan Gillmor, a journalism researcher at Arizona State University in Tempe, told
9、 The Guardian that he had fed ChatGPT a homework question that he often assigns his students-and the article it produced in response would have earned a student a good grade.ChatGPT is the brainchild of AI firm OpenAI, based in San Francisco, California. In 2020, the company unleashed GPT-3, a type
10、of AI known as a large language model that creates text by scanning through billions of words of training data and learning how words and phrases relate to each other. GPT-3 is in the vanguard（先锋）of a revolution in AI, raising philosophical questions about its limits and prompting a host of potentia
11、l applications, from summarizing legal documents to aiding computer programmers. ChatGPT is fine-tuned from an advanced version of GPT-3 and is optimized（优化）to engage in dialogue with users.“Essays are used to test both a students knowledge and their writing skills. ChatGPT is going to make it hard
12、to combine these two into one form of written assignment J says Arvind Narayanan, a computer scientist at Princeton University in New Jersey. But academics could respond by reworking written assessments to prioritize critical thinking or reasoning that ChatGPT cant yet do. This might ultimately enco
13、urage students to think for themselves more, rather than to try and answer essay prompts,he says.The situation both worries and excites Sandra Wachter, who studies technology and regulation at the Oxford Internet Institute, UK. Shes hopeful that education providers will adapt. Whenever theres a new
14、technology, theres a panic around it J she says. Its the responsibility of academics to have a healthy amount of distrustbut I dont feel like this is an undefeatable challenge.28. What did Dan Gillmor do with ChatGPT?A. He criticized it on newspaper.B. He encouraged his students to use it.C. He test
15、ed it with one of his assignments.D. He used it to grade his students homework.29. What advantage does ChatGPT have over GPT-3?A. It can built a large language model.B. It can make conversations with its users.C. It can offer a host of potential applications.D. It can look through a large number of
16、documents.30. What does ChatGPT lack according to Arvind?A. Writing skills.B. Critical thinking.C. Answering essay prompts.D. Testing professional essays.31. What is Sandras attitude to students9 using ChatGPT?A. Favorable.B. Doubtful.C. Discouraged.D. Indifferent.【答案】28.C29. B 30. B 31. A【解析】【导语】这是
17、一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人工智能机器人ChatGPT能写论文，这引起了教授和讲师的担 心，就此讨论了该如何处理这个问题。【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “ Dan Gillmor, a journalism researcher at Arizona State University in Tempe, told The Guardian that he had fed ChatGPT a homework question that he often assigns his students-and the article it produced in response woul
18、d have earned a student a good grade. （Dan Gillmor 是亚利桑那州立大学的新闻学研 究者他告诉卫报，他给ChatGPT布置了一个作业，这是他经常给学生布置的，而ChatGPT给出的答 案可以让学生获得一个好成绩。）“可知，Dan Gillmor在一次作业中测试了 ChatGPT。故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“ChatGPT is fine-tuned from an advanced version of GPT-3 and is optimized to engage in dialogue with users. （Chat
19、GPT在GPT-3的高级版本上进行了微调，并进行了优化，以便它能与 用户进行对话。）”可知，与GPT-3相比，ChatGPT的优势在于它可以与用户进行对话。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的 uBut academics could respond by reworking written assessments to prioritize critical thinking or reasoning that ChatGPT cant yet do.（但学者们可以通过修改书面评估来做出回应，优先考虑 ChatGPT还不能做到的批判性思维或推理。）”可知，Arvind认为ChatG
20、PT还不具备批判性思维或推理能 力。故选B。31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Whenever theres a new technology, theres a panic around it J she says. Its the responsibility of academics to have a healthy amount of distrust- but I dont feel like this is an undefeatable challenge （她说：“每当有一项新技术出现时，人们都会感到恐慌。“学术界有责任保持适度的不 信任，但我觉得这不是一个不可战胜的
21、挑战。）可知，Sandra认为保持适度的怀疑是学术界的责任， 但她不认为这是一个不可战胜的挑战，即她对学生使用ChatGPT持支持态度。故选A。DLondon Mayor Sadiq Khans announcement that all primaiy school pupils in the city will receive free school meals from September is a welcome move amid rising food and energy prices. The 130 million plan rejects means-testing（经济状
22、况调查）in favor of a universal scheme, which many see as a smart political move and a good policy. Universal public services such as this create shared understanding and gain political legitimacy, as they enable individuals to live at a reasonable standard.The current tax and benefit system in the UK l
23、eaves millions of children in poverty and hunger, and means-testing is neither fair nor efficient. Parents claiming universal credit in England must have a household income of less than 7,400 to qualify for free school meals. An estimated 800, 000 children living in poverty do not get free school me
24、als due to the eligibility criteria being so restrictive. Another 200, 000 are eligible but have not accessed them because enrolment is not automatic.The initiative has been welcomed by many for its potential to reduce child obesity rates and improve pupil attainment. The Impact on Urban Health thin
25、ktank estimates that making free school meals universal will generate 1.71 in economic and social benefits for every 1 invested.Unfortunately, the government seems more interested in rationing access to welfare than helping people get the support they need. Means-testing is often justified on the gr
26、ounds that it diverts resources to the most needy, but this argument falls apart when thousands of children are going hungry and struggling to learn at school.The move towards universal free school meals in London is a step in the right direction and shows an appetite fbr experimentation necessary t
27、o flesh out the future of the post-Covid welfare state. While some parents on higher salaries may benefit, focusing on this would be missing the point: universal services pay fbr themselves. By investing in our childrens well-being and education, we create a healthier, more prosperous society for ev
28、eryone. Its time to reject the divisive politics of means-testing and embrace universal public services that benefit us all. 32. What is the aim of London Mayor Sadiq Khans plan?A. To reduce child obesity rates.B. To improve pupils achievement in primary schools.C. To help pupils from poor Emilies h
29、andle hunger.D. To ensure means-testing an access to free school meals.33. Why do many people view the universal scheme as a good policy?A. It creates more jobs.B It benefits individuals, cC. It is a divisive politics of means-testing.D. It generates economic and social benefits.34. Why is means-tes
30、ting an inefficient means to address childrens hunger?A. It runs without political legitimacy.B. The qualification criteria are too restrictive.C. The argument about means-testing falls apart.D. It doesnt include the current tax and benefit system.35. Which of the following is the best title for the
31、 text?A. Obstacles to Universal Free School Meals in LondonB. The Pros and Cons of Means-Testing fbr Free School MealsC. A Plan to Provide Free School Meals to Pupils in LondonD. The Impact of Universal Public Services on Poverty and Hunger【答案】32.C33. B 34. B 35. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了伦敦市长从九月开始将为所
32、有小学生提供免费校餐，这是在食 品和能源价格上涨的背景下受到人们欢迎的措施。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中 “The 130 million plan rejects means-testing（经济状况调查）in favor of a universal scheme, which many see as a smart political move and a good policy.（这项耗资亿英镑的计划拒绝了经济状况调 查，转而采用普遍计划，许多人认为这是一个明智的政治举措和一项好政策及第二段中The current tax and benefit system in the
33、UK leaves millions of children in poverty and hunger, and means-testing is neither fair nor efficient.（英国目前的税收和福利制度使数百万儿童处于贫困和饥饿之中，经济状况调查既不公平也不有 效。）”可知，伦敦市长Sadiq Khan计划从九月份开始为伦敦市的小学生提供免费校餐，这个计划被认为是 一项应对食品和能源价格上涨的明智的改革措施，帮助来自贫困家庭的小学生应对饥饿，故选C项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中 uUniversal public services such as t
34、his create shared understanding and gain political legitimacy, as they enable individuals to live at a reasonable standard.（诸如此类的普遍公共服务创造了 共识并获得政治合法性，因为它们使个人能够以合理的标准生活。）”及最后一段中By investing in our childrens well-being and education, we create a healthier, more prosperous society for everyone.（通过投资于 J
35、L童 的福祉和教育，我们为每个人创造了一个更健康、更繁荣的社会。）”可知，很多人认为免费校餐计划是明 智的政策，因为它将人们的生活标准控制在合理范围内，对儿童福利和教育的投资也为大家创造了一个更 健康、更繁荣的社会，即：使民众受益，故选B项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中 “An estimated 800, 000 children living in poverty do not get free school meals due to the eligibility criteria being so restrictive. Another 200, 000 are eli
36、gible but have not accessed them because enrolment is not automatic.（估计有80万贫困儿童由于资格标准如此严格而无法获得免费校餐。另有200, 000 人有资格，但由于注册不是自动的，因此尚未获得它们。）”可知，经济状况调查由于资格标准过于严格， 使大约80万左右生活贫困的儿童无法获得免费校餐，另有20万儿童有资格但也不能获得免费校餐，因为 入学没有自动登记，故选B项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了伦敦市长从九月开始将为所有小学生提供免费校餐的改革计 划，并且解释了该计划的理由及其潜在的好处，故选C项。
37、第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people wanting to add an animal companion. It，s true that many people are happy to part with thousands of dollars for purebred（纯种的）dogs and cats.36Homeless animals can make
38、wonderful pets. People often assume that dogs and cats end up in shelters because theyre unwanted or badly behaved. There are many reasons owners may need to re-home their pet-divorce, hospitalization, or the time and money needed to care for a dog. 37Adult animals have benefits. Shelters have a wid
39、e range of potential pets and there are many benefits from adopting a more mature dog or cat. Not starting from scratch helps avoid much of the craziness and mess associated with puppies. They will already be vaccinated, so you will have fewer start-up costs. 38 A young animals behaviour may still b
40、e developing, whereas an older animals personality and behaviour should be evident, so no surprises.39 You should only adopt a dog or cat from a trusted shelter or rescue group. Ethical establishments will have a behavioral trainer to assess the character of every dog and cat. The staff should ask y
41、ou lots of questions to recommend the most suitable pet. Ongoing behaviour and training advice should be available, and you should be able to return the pet if things dont word out.Theres something else to keep in mind. Ifs important for you to only select a pet that will suit your lifestyle, not a
42、pet you feel sorry for. 40 Theres a lot of responsibility associated with managing animals appropriately.A. Pets not only provide but call fbr company.B. Animal experts discuss how to adopt a pet.C. Most importantly what you see is what you get.D. Choose an appropriate animal from a reliable source.
43、E. Consider the pefs suitability fbr your family and lifestyle.F. You need to think carefully about how you will care for it.G. Some dogs and cats become lost, are not identified and are never claimed.【答案】36.B37. G 38. C 39. D 40. F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了动物专家提出的几条关于如何从救助中心领养宠物的建议。 【36题详解】根据前文的 u Ado
44、pting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option fbr many people wanting to add an animalcompanion. Its true that many people are happy to part with thousands of dollars for purebred dogs and cats. （U攵养 宠物正迅速成为许多想要增加动物伴侣的人的首选。的确，许多人很乐意为纯种狗和猫支付数千美元。）可 知，很多人乐意花大钱购买纯种宠物，B项（动物专家给出了如何领养宠物的建议。）与上文衔接通顺
45、且总 起下文。故选B。【37题详解】根据前文的 “ Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. People often assume that dogs and cats end up in shelters because theyre unwanted or badly behaved. There are many reasons owners may need to re-home their pet-divorce, hospitalization, or the time and money needed to care fbr a dog
46、.（无家可归的动物可以成为很好的宠 物。人们通常认为猫狗最终会被关进收容所，因为它们不受欢迎或行为不端。主人可能有很多理由需要重 新安置他们的宠物一一离婚，住院，或者照顾一只狗需要时间和金钱。）”可知，本段接下来要介绍动物到 救助中心的不同原因，G项（有些猫狗走失了，身份不明，也从来没有人认领过。）符合语境。故选G。【38题详解】根据前文的 u Adult animals have benefits. Shelters have a wide range of potential pets and there are many benefits from adopting a more mat
47、ure dog or cat. Not starting from scratch helps avoid much of the craziness and mess associated with puppies. They will already be vaccinated, so you will have fewer start-up costs.（成年动物有好处。 收容所有很多潜在的宠物，收养一只更成熟的狗或猫有很多好处。不从头开始有助于避免小狗的疯狂和混 乱。他们已经接种了疫苗，所以你的启动成本会更低。）”和下文的“A young animals behaviour may s
48、till be developing, whereas an older animaPs personality and behaviour should be evident, so no surprises.（幼年动物的行 为可能仍在发展中，而年长动物的个性和行为应该是明显的，所以这并不奇怪。）”可知，我们所看到的动 物就是我们应该得到的宠物，因此C项（最重要的是，你所看到的就是你所得到的。）符合语境。故选C。【39题详解】根据后文的 “You should only adopt a dog or cat from a trusted shelter or rescue group. Ethical establishments will have a behavioral trainer to assess the character of every dog and cat. The staff should ask you lots of questions to recommend the most suitable pet. Ongoing behaviour and training advice should be available, and you should be able to re