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1、北京市密云2022-2023第一学期阶段练习高二英语第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。When I was in seventh grade, I was a volunteer at a local hospital in my town. Most of the 1 . I spent there was with Mr. Gillespie. He never had any visitors and nobody seemed
2、to care about his 2 .I spent many days there holding his hand and talking to him, helping with anything that needed to be became a close friend of mine, 3 he responded with only an occasional squeeze of my hand, was in a coma （昏迷）.I left for a week to vacation with my parents, and when I came back,
3、Mr. Gillespiewas no longer there. I didn t have the4 to ask any of the nurseswhere he was,forfear that they might tell me he had died.Several 5 later, when I was aseniorin high school, I wasat the gas stationwhenI noticed a familiar face. When I 6who itwas, my eyes filled with tears. Hewas 7! I got
4、up the nerve to ask him if his name was Mr. Gillespie. He 8 yes. I explained how I knew him, and that I had spent many hours talking with him in the hospital. His eyes welled up with tears, and he gave me the warmest hug I had ever 9 .He began to tell me how, as he lay there comatose （昏迷的），he could
5、hear metalking to him and could feel me holding his hand the whole time. Mr. Gillespie 10 believed that it was my voice and touch that had kept him alive.Although I haven? t seen him since, he fills my heart with joy every day. I know that I made a difference between his life and death.1.A.moneyB.en
6、ergyC.timeD.effort2.A.interestB.requirementC.conditionD.thought3.A.soB.thoughc.sinceD.as if4.A.rightB.chancec.courageD.time5.A.daysB.weeksc.monthsD.years6.A.realizedB.wonderedc.heardD.asked7.A.greatB.alivec.successfulD.lucky8.A.repliedB.doubtedc.explainedD.questioned9. A.dreamedB.shownc.wantedD.rece
7、ived10. A.hardlyB.rightlyc.firmlyD.wrongly理学家认为，父母应该多和孩子玩，让他们思考问题。这样，孩子长大后更有可能聪明聪明）”可知,一个天生拥有好大脑并将其积极运用的人更有可能成为天才。故选Ao27题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So it is probably better for parents to say very positive （helpful） things to their children, such as “That was a very clever thing you did. or “You are such a s
8、mart child. （所以，父母最好对孩子说一些非常积极（有帮助）的话，比如：“你做的事真聪明。或“你真是个聪明的孩子。”）可知，父母最好多表扬和鼓励孩子。故选CoCMost people looking for ways to quit smoking worry about weight gain, and with good reason. Smokers who quit tend to pack on an average of 5 pounds after they stop smoking cigarettes. A new study, published by the j
9、ournal Science, explains why this happens.The new research explains that nicotine appears to combine with appetite-regulating neurons （调节食欲的神经元）in the brain, besides the receptors （感受器）that bring about addiction. These neurons help regulate how much food gets consumed, but under the influence of nic
10、otine, they lose their self-control. This is why when smokers quit, they tend to eat more and gain weight.The researchers believe that their discovery will lead to the development of drugs that aim at nicotine receptors on brain cells that control appetite. In the future, weight gain may no longer b
11、e a reason for smokers to delay the decision to kick the habit, but that s no reason to wait. Nicotine-replacement treatment, while not for everyone, can help. Here are a few more ways to quit smoking and stay slim.Drink water. To improve metabolic （新陈代谢的）rates, make half of those glasses ice water.
12、 Juice can be too high in calories, something you 11 want to keep an eye on your journey toward being a slimmer non-smoker. Plan your snacks. Healthy snacks help keep your metabolism working, so you continue to burn calories while stopping wild hunger pain, or fake hunger.Keep moving. Exercise kills
13、 two birds with one stone. It helps you burn calories and prevents you from eating when you re not truly hungry. It s also a feel-good stress reliever （缓解物）.Focus on your fitness and how being healthy makes you exercise a goaland think of quitting as your reward for being physically fit.28.Which of
14、the following changes people s appetite according to the new research?A. Nicotine.B. Appetite-regulating neurons.C. The receptors that bring about addiction. D. The food that has been consumed.29.By saying “but that, s no reason to wait” in Paragraph 3, the author means that_.A. some new drugs are g
15、oing to be developed soonB.nicotine-replacement treatment cannot help everyoneC.losing weight should be an excuse for smokingD.some ways to quit smoking whi1e staying slim are available30. The author believes that.A. ice water can improve metabolic ratesB. smokers should eat fewer snacks to keep sli
16、mC stress can lead to fake hungerD. exercise can help one eat less31. The purpose of the text is.A. to introduce the result of a new studyB. to explain the reason why smokers become slimC. to prove the possibility of being a slim non-smokerD. to tell us ways to quit smoking without gaining weight【答案
17、】28. A 29. D 30. A 31. D【解析】【分析】本文为说明文，文章主要介绍了戒烟后人们变胖的原因以及人们该如何应对戒烟后的肥胖问题。28题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二mknjn 段 The new research explains that nicotine appears to combine with appetite-regulating neurons （调节食欲的神经元）in the brain, besides the receptors （感受器）that bring about addiction. These neurons help regulate h
18、ow much food gets consumed, but under the influence of nicotine, they lose their self-control.可矢口, 在尼 古丁的作用下，调节食欲的神经元失控，故归根结底，是尼古丁改变了人们的食欲。故选Ao29题详解】推理判断题。根据上下文语境以及第三段Nicotine-replacement treatment, while not for everyone, can help. Here are a few more ways to quit smoking and stay slim.可知，将来，发胖不再成为
19、人 们迟迟不肯戒烟的原因，但我们也没理由一直等到将来（新药研制出来再去戒烟），即：现在我们也有办法在戒烟的同时保持体形，故选D项。30题详解】细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段 To improve metabolic ratesmake half of those glasses icewater.可知，冰水可以增加新陈代谢，所以A项正确。31题详解】写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章从一项新的研究成果谈起，分析了戒烟后体重增加的生理原因，并重 点介绍了几种应对方法。故选D项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项
20、。The benefits of walking to schoolEncouraging your child to walk to school has many benefits.32The rates of childhood obesity and illnesses such as type II Diabetes （糖尿病）can be prevented by a healthy dose of walking.33 On average around half of all children donot do the minimum one hour a day of phy
21、sical activity advised by the Health Education Authority. A quick walk to school can help them get their daily exercise and arrive at school or home, refreshed and energetic.34 There was very strong evidence that walking to school improves children s social development.This related to social contact
22、s, independence and road sense. The walkers reported a happy social experience. It is believed that getting a lift to school each day can lead to a child becoming lethargic （无生气的）, According to research, the average drive to school and back releases 800g of C02 into the air.35 If walking to school o
23、nce aweek can save 20 per cent of C02 gas produced by driving every day, how much C02 can be saved a year!Last but not least, encouraging your child to walk to school will save you money.36Since walking to school has so many health, social, environmental and economical benefits, why not let your chi
24、ld walk from now on?A. The following are some of them in different aspects.B.You will spend less money on transport fares or petrol, of course.C.Eurthermore, 50 per cent of children still don t regularly walk to school.D.It is enough to blow over 60 balloons.E.Walking can have a positive effect on a
25、 child s emotional health.F.Parents, children and teachers are asked to think about the benefits of walking to school. G.In fact, walking helps protect the body from many serious illnesses later on in life.【答案】32. A 33. G 34. E 35. D 36. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了步行上学的好处。32题详解】根据上文 “Encouraging your ch
26、ild to walk to school has many benefits.（鼓励孩子走路上学有很 多好处）”及下文列举的例子可知，此处应说下边是不同方面的一些优点。由此可知，A. The following are some of them in different aspects.（以下是其中一些不同的方面）能够承上启下，符合语境。故 选Ao33题详解】根据上文 “The rates of childhood obesity and illnesses such as type II Diabetes （糖尿病） can be prevented by a healthy dose o
27、f walking.（儿童肥胖和II型糖尿病等疾病的发病率可以通过 健康剂量的步行来预防）”可知，步行有助于预防疾病。由此可知，G. In fact, walking helps protect the body from many serious illnesses later on in life.（事实上, 走路有助于保护身彳本在 以后的生活中免受许多严重疾病的侵袭）能够承接上文，符合语境。故选Go34题详解】根据下文“There was very strong evidence that walking to school improves children， s social dev
28、elopment. This related to social contacts, independence and road sense. The walkers reported a happy social experience. It is believed that getting a lift to school each day can lead to a child becoming lethargic （无生气的）.（有非常有力的证据表明步行上学 能促进儿童的社会发展。这与社会交往、独立性和道路意识有关。步行者报告说他们的社交经历很愉 快。人们认为，每天搭顺风车上学会导致孩
29、子变得昏昏欲睡）”可知，本段主要讲步行上学不仅提供了 孩子更丰富的社会经历还可以提升孩子们的心情。由此可知，E Walking can have a positive effect on a child s emotional health.（步行对儿童的情绪健康有积极的影响）适合作本段主旨句， 符合语境。故选E。【35题详解】根据上文 “According to research, the average drive to school and back releases 800g of C02 into the air.（据一项调查显示，平均每人开车上下学会向空气中释放800g的CO2 ）
30、”及下文“If walking to school once a week can save 20 per cent of C02 gas produced by driving every day, how much C02 can be saved a year!（如果每周步行上学一次就能节省每天开车产生的20%的 C02气体，那么一年能节省多少C02!）”可知，此处讲述C02的排放量。由此可知，D. It is enough to blow over 60 balloons.（足够吹60多个气球）符合语境。故选Do36题详解】 根据上文 “Last but not least, enco
31、uraging your child to walk to school will save youmoney.（最后但并非最不重要的，鼓励你的孩子走路上学将会节省你的金钱）”可知，此处讲述与经济有 关的好处。由此可矢口， B. You will spend less money on transport fares or petrol, of course.（当 然，你会在交通费或汽油上花更少的钱）符合语境。故选B。第三节（共4小题，共12分;第37题1分，第38题2分，第39题3分，第40题4分） 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。In 1987, I was 18 and work
32、ing as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from Sydney, Australia.I was looking forward to having five days off from duty. Unfortunately, the only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left. So I thought I d hitch a ride （搭便车）.1 waited by the side of the highway for three hours
33、 but no one stopped for me. Finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon. He said that although he couldn t give me a lift, I should come back to his house for lunch. He noticed me standing for hours in the extreme heat and thought I must be hungry. I was doubtful as a young girl but
34、he he assured me I was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards. When we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches. After lunch, he helped me find a lift home.Twenty-five years later, in2003, while I was driving to a nearby town one day, I saw an elderly man standing in the
35、 scorching heat, trying to hitch a ride. I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour I d been decades earlier. I pulled over and picked him up. I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some a few moments of small talk, the man said to me, “You haven t changed a bit
36、, even your red hair is still the same. ”I couldn t remember where I d met him. He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago. It was Gordon.37. What did Gordon do to help the author?Please paraphrase the underlined sentence in your own words.Ple
37、ase decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.The author pulled over to pick up the elderly man in 2003 because he recognized theelder was the very person who ever helped him.Will you offer any help to a stranger who seems in trouble? Why or why not? （a
38、bout 40 words）【答案】37. He made her sandwiches and helped her find a lift home. /He gave her lunch and helped her find a lift.38. I thought it was my turn to repay someone for the favour I d been given decades earlier.39. The author pulled over to pick up the elderly man in 2003 because he recognized
39、theelder was the very person who ever helped him. Because the author wanted to give back to others instead of recognizing the elder.40. If a stranger needs help, I will give it as much as I can. After all, helping othersis the root of happiness. Helping others in their time of need can also bring a
40、little bitof beauty and warmth to the world.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个名叫Gordon的人曾经帮助了作者，而15年后，作者在开车去附近的一个小镇时，看到一位老人在酷热中突然倒在了地上，帮助了老人，发现他正是多年前帮助了自己的Gordono37题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段中的 “When we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches. Afterlunch, he helped me find a lift home.（我们到他家时,他给我们俩做了三明治。午饭后，他找人把我送回了
41、家）”可知，Gordon不但给作者做了午饭，还找人开车送作者回家。故答案为He made hersandwiches and helped her find a lift home. /He gave her lunch and helped her find a lift.38题详解】考查词句猜测。戈1J线句子 “I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favourI d been given decades earlier. v意思是作者认为这是另一个报答某人几十年前给予她的恩惠的机会。 因止匕可以表达为 I tho
42、ught it was my turn to repay someone for the favour V dbeen given decades earlier. 故答案为 I thought it was my turn to repay someone for thefavour I, d been given decades earlier.39题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段中的 “I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour I d been given decades earlier. I pull
43、ed over and picked him up. I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.（我以为这是另一个报答某人几十年前给予我的恩惠的机会。 我靠边停车把他接了起来。我让他舒服地坐在后座上，给他倒了点水）”及最后一段中的“He then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago. It was Gordon.（然后他告诉我，他就是多年前给我吃过午饭、帮我
44、搭车的那个人。这是Gordon） ”可知，作者把车停 到路边接了这位老人，因为她想回报他人，而且开始并没有认出这位老人正是帮助过他的人。故答案为The author pulled over to pick up the elderly man in 2003 because he recognized the elder was the vary person who ever helped him. Because the author wanted to give back to others instead of recognizing the elder.40题详解】此为开放性题目，言
45、之有理即可，题干为：你会为一个看起来有麻烦的陌生人提供帮助吗？为什么或者 为什么不呢？可回答：如果陌生人需要帮助，只要我能力所及就会尽可能给予帮助。毕竟助人为快乐之 本。在别人需要的时候伸出援手，也能为这个世界带来些许美好和温暖。故答案为If a stranger needs help, I will give it as much as I can. After all, helping others is the root of happiness. Helping others in their time of need can also bring a little bit of be
46、auty and warmth to the world.第三部分：词汇短语辨析（共13小题，每小题1分，共13分）第一节 英译汉（共4小题，每小题1分。共4分）写出下划线词的意思。41. Jane has the sense of humourwith me.42. One needs to be passionateand positive if he wants to be successful.43. David s life has changed a lot, but he appreciatesit ,since he can experience different style
47、 of living.44. On the front of each card, please write some motivatingwords for your friends.【答案】41.幽默 42.热情的43.欣赏、感激 44.激发人的【解析】41题详解】考查名词。句意：简对我很有幽默感。根据句意及所给句子可知，本句中的humour是名词，意为“幽 默”。故填：幽默。42题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果一个人想要成功，他需要热情和积极。根据句意及所给句子可知，本句中的passionate 是形容词，意为“热情的”。故填：热情的。【43题详解】考查动词。句意：大卫的生活改变了很多，但
48、他很感激，因为他可以体验不同的生活方式。根据句意及 所给句子可知，本句中的appreciates是谓语动词的第三人称单数形式，意为“欣赏、感激”。故填：欣 赏、感激。44题详解】考查形容词。句意：在每张卡片的正面，请为你的朋友写一些激励的话。根据句意及所给句子可知，本 句中的motivating是形容词，意为“激发人的”。故填：激发人的。第二节 汉译英（共4小题，每小题1分。共4分）45. I m so delighted to receive your i_（邀请）.（根据中英文提示单词拼写）【答案】invitation#nvitation【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：我很高兴收到你的邀请。根据汉语及首字母提示可知，此处使用名词invitation, 作 receive 的宾语。故填 invitation。46. We should do