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1、首师附密云中学2022-2023高二第一学期阶段练习英语试卷第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。When I was in seventh grade, I was a volunteer at a local hospital in my town. Most of the I spent there was with Mr. Gillespie. He never had any visitors and nobody seemed
2、to care about his 2I spent many days there holding his hand and talking to him, helping with anything that needed to be done. He became a close friend of mine, 3 he responded with only an occasional squeeze of my hand. Mr. Gillespie was in a coma （昏迷）.I left for a week to vacation with my parents, a
3、nd when I came back, Mr. Gillespie was no longer there. I didnt have the 4 to ask any of the nurses where he was, for fear that they might tell me he had died.Several 5 later, when I was a senior in high school, I was at the gas station when I noticed a familiar face. When I 6who it was, my eyes fil
4、led with tears. He was 7! Igot up the nerve to ask him if his name was Mr. Gillespie. He 8 yes. I explained how I knew him, and that I had spent many hours talking with him in the hospital. His eyes welled up with tears, and he gave me the warmest hug I had ever 9He began to tell me how, as he lay t
5、here comatose （昏迷的）,he could hear me talking to him and could feel me holding his hand the whole time. Mr. Gillespie 10 believed that it was myvoice and touch that had kept him alive.Although I havent seen him since, he fills my heart with joy every day. I know that I made a difference between his l
6、ife and death.1. A. moneyB. energyC. timeD. effort2. A. interestB. requirementC. conditionD. thought3. A. soB. thoughC. sinceD. as if4. A. rightB. chanceC. courageD. time5. A. daysB. weeksC. monthsD. years推理判断题。根据第二段的“Mental （done with the mind） exercise is particularly important for young children.
7、 Many child psychologists。心理学家）think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about. The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent.（脑力锻炼对幼儿来说尤为重要。许多儿童心理学家认为，父母应 该多和孩子玩，让他们思考问题。这样，孩子长大后更有可能聪明聪明）”可知，一个天生拥 有好大脑并将其积极运用的人更有可能成为天才。故选A。【2
8、7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So it is probably better for parents to say very positive （helpful） things to their children, such as “That was a very clever thing you did. or You are such a smart child.（所以，父母最好对孩子说一些非常积极（有帮助）的话，比如：“你做的事真聪明。或 “你真是个聪明的孩子。可知，父母最好多表扬和鼓励孩子。故选C。CMost people looking for ways to quit s
9、moking worry about weight gain, and with good reason. Smokers who quit tend to pack on an average of 5 pounds after they stop smoking cigarettes. A new study, published by the journal Science, explains why this happens.The new research explains that nicotine appears to combine with appetite-regulati
10、ng neurons （调 节食欲的神经元）in the brain, besides the receptors （感受器）that bring about addiction. These neurons help regulate how much food gets consumed, but under the influence of nicotine, they lose their self-control. This is why when smokers quit, they tend to eat more and gain weight.The researchers
11、believe that their discovery will lead to the development of drugs that aim at nicotine receptors on brain cells that control appetite. In the future, weight gain may no longer be a reason for smokers to delay the decision to kick the habit, but thats no reason to wait. Nicotine-replacement treatmen
12、t, while not for everyone, can help. Here are a few more ways to quit smoking and stay slim.Drink water. To improve metabolic （新陈代谢的）rates, make half of those glasses ice water. Juice can be too high in calories, something youll want to keep an eye on your journey toward being a slimmer non-smoker.
13、Plan your snacks. Healthy snacks help keep your metabolism working, so you continue to burn calories while stopping wild hunger pain, or fake hunger.Keep moving. Exercise kills two birds with one stone. It helps you burn calories and prevents you from eating when youre not truly hungry. Its also a f
14、eel-good stress reliever （缓解物）.Focus on your fitness and how being healthy makes you feel. Make exercise a goal and think of quitting as your reward for being physically fit.28. Which of the following changes peoples appetite according to the new research?A. Nicotine.B. Appetite-regulating neurons.C
15、. The receptors that bring about addiction. D. The food that has been consumed.29. By saying “but thafs no reason to wait“ in Paragraph 3, the author means that.A. some new drugs are going to be developed soonnicotine-replacement treatment cannot help everyoneB. losing weight should be an excuse for
16、 smokingsome ways to quit smoking while staying slim are available 30. The author believes that.A. ice water can improve metabolic ratesB. smokers should eat fewer snacks to keep slimC stress can lead to fake hungerD. exercise can help one eat less31. The purpose of the text is.A. to introduce the r
17、esult of a new studyto explain the reason why smokers become slimB. to prove the possibility of being a slim non-smokerto tell us ways to quit smoking without gaining weight【答案】28.A29. D 30. A 31. D【解析】【分析】本文为说明文，文章主要介绍了戒烟后人们变胖的原因以及人们该如何应对戒烟后 的肥胖问题。28题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段 The new research explains that
18、nicotine appears to combine with appetite-regulating neurons （调节食欲的神经元）in the brain, besides the receptors （感受器）that bring about addiction. These neurons help regulate how much food gets consumed, but under the influence of nicotine, they lose their self-control.可知，在尼古丁的作用下，调节食欲的神经元失 控，故归根结底，是尼古丁改变了
19、人们的食欲。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据上下文语境以及第三段Nicotine-replacement treatment, while not for everyone, can help. Here are a few more ways to quit smoking and stay slim.可知，将来，发胖不再成为人们 迟迟不肯戒烟的原因，但我们也没理由一直等到将来（新药研制出来再去戒烟），即：现在我 们也有办法在戒烟的同时保持体形，故选D项。【30题详解】细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段 To improve metabolic rates. make half of tho
20、se glasses ice water. 可知，冰水可以增加新陈代谢，所以A项正确。【31题详解】写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章从一项新的研究成果谈起，分析了戒烟后体重增加的生理 原因，并重点介绍了几种应对方法。故选D项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。The benefits of walking to schoolEncouraging your child to walk to school has many benefits. 32The rates of childhood obesit
21、y and illnesses such as type II Diabetes （糖尿病）can be prevented by a healthy dose of walking. 33 On average around half of all children do not do the minimum one hour a day of physical activity advised by the Health Education Authority. A quick walk to school can help them get their daily exercise an
22、d arrive at school or home, refreshed and energetic.34 There was very strong evidence that walking to school improves childrens social development. This related to social contacts, independence and road sense. The walkers reported a happy social experience. It is believed that getting a lift to scho
23、ol each day can lead to a child becoming lethargic （无生气的）.According to research, the average drive to school and back releases 800g of CO2 into the air.35 If walking to school once a week can save 20 per cent of CO2 gas produced by driving every day, how much CO2 can be saved a year!Last but not lea
24、st, encouraging your child to walk to school will save you money. 36Since walking to school has so many health, social, environmental and economical benefits, why not let your child walk from now on?A. The following are some of them in different aspects.B. You will spend less money on transport fare
25、s or petrol, of course.C. Furthermore, 50 per cent of children still dont regularly walk to school.D. It is enough to blow over 60 balloons.E. Walking can have a positive effect on a childs emotional health.F. Parents, children and teachers are asked to think about the benefits of walking to school.
26、G. In fact, walking helps protect the body from many serious illnesses later on in life.【答案】32, A 33. G 34. E 35. D 36. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了步行上学的好处。【32题详解】根据上文“Encouraging your child to walk to school has many benefits.（鼓励孩子走路上学有很多 好处）”及下文列举的例子可知，此处应说下边是不同方面的一些优点。由此可知，A.The following are some of
27、them in different aspects.（以下是其中一些不同的方面）能够承上启下，符 合语境。故选A。33题详解】根据上文“The rates of childhood obesity and illnesses such as type II Diabetes （糖尿病）can be prevented by a healthy dose of walking.（儿童肥胖和H型糖尿病等疾病的发病率可以通过健康剂 量的步行来预防）”可知，步行有助于预防疾病。由此可知，G. In fact, walking helps protect the body from many serio
28、us illnesses later on in life.（事实上，走路有助于保护身体在以后的生活中 免受许多严重疾病的侵袭）能够承接上文，符合语境。故选G。34题详解】根据下文“There was very strong evidence that walking to school improves children social development. This related to social contacts, independence and road sense. The walkers reported a happy social experience. It is b
29、elieved that getting a lift to school each day can lead to a child becoming lethargic （无生气的）.（有非常有力的证据表明步行上学能促进儿童的社会发展。这与 社会交往、独立性和道路意识有关。步行者报告说他们的社交经历很愉快。人们认为，每天 搭顺风车上学会导致孩子变得昏昏欲睡）”可知，本段主要讲步行上学不仅提供了孩子更丰富 的社会经历还可以提升孩子们的心情。由此可知，E. Walking can have a positive effect on a chikfs emotional health.（步行对儿童
30、的情绪健康有积极的影响）适合作本段主旨句，符合语境。 故选Eo35题详解】根据上文“According to research, the average drive to school and back releases 800g of CO2 into the air.（据一项调查显示，平均每人开车上下学会向空气中释放800g的CO2 ）”及下文“If walking to school once a week can save 20 per cent of CO2 gas produced by driving every day, how much CO2 can be saved a
31、year!（如果每周步行上学一次就能节省每天开车产生的20%的CO2气体，那么 一年能节省多少CO?可知，此处讲述CO2的排放量。由此可知，D. It is enough to blow over 60 balloons足够吹60多个气球）符合语境。故选D。【36题详解】根据上文“Last but not least, encouraging your child to walk to school will save you money.（最后但 并非最不重要的，鼓励你的孩子走路上学将会节省你的金钱）”可知，此处讲述与经济有关的 好处。由此可知，B. You will spend less
32、money on transport fares or petrol,of course.（当然，你会 在交通费或汽油上花更少的钱）符合语境。故选B。第三节（共4小题，共12分涕37题1分，第38题2分，第39题3分，第40题4分） 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。In 1987,1 was 18 and working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from Sydney, Australia.I was looking forward to having five days off from duty. Unfortuna
33、tely, the only one train a day back to my home in Sydney had already left. So I thought Id hitch a ride （搭便车）.I waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me. Finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as Gordon. He said that although he couldnt give me a lift, I
34、 should come back to his house for lunch. He noticed me standing for hours in the extreme heat and thought I must be hungry. I was doubtful as a young girl but he he assured me I was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards. When we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches
35、. After lunch, he helped me find a lift home.Twenty-five years later, in2003, while I was driving to a nearby town one day, I saw an elderly man standing in the scorching heat, trying to hitch a ride. I thought it was another chance to repay someone fbr the favour Id been given decades earlier. I pu
36、lled over and picked him up. I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.After a few moments of small talk, the man said to meYou havent changed a bit, even your red hair is still the same.”I couldnt remember where Id met him. He then told me he was the man who had given me lu
37、nch and helped me find a lift all those years ago. It was Gordon.37. What did Gordon do to help the author?38. Please paraphrase the underlined sentence in your own words.39. Please decide which part is false in the following statement,then underline it and explain why. The author pulled over to pic
38、k up the elderly man in 2003 because he recognized the elder was the very person who ever helped him.40. Will you offer any help to a stranger who seems in trouble? Why or why not? (about 40 words)答案37. He made her sandwiches and helped her find a lift home./He gave her lunch and helped her find a l
39、ift.1. .1 thought it was my turn to repay someone for the favour Id been given decades earlier.39. The author pulled over to pick up the elderly man in 2003 because he recognized the elder was the ve? person w/zo eve/ helped him. Because the author wanted to give back to others instead of recognizin
40、g the elder.40. If a stranger needs help, I will give it as much as I can. After all, helping others is the root of happiness. Helping others in their time of need can also bring a little bit of beauty and warmth to the world.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个名叫Gordon的人曾经帮助了作者，而15年后， 作者在开车去附近的一个小镇时，看到一位老人在酷热中
41、突然倒在了地上，帮助了老人，发 现他正是多年前帮助了自己的Gordono【37题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段中的When we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches. After lunch, he helped me find a lift home.(我们至I他家时,他给我们俩做了三明治。午饭后，他找人 把我送回了家)”可知,Gordon不但给作者做了午饭，还找人开车送作者回家。故答案为He made her sandwiches and helped her find a lift home./He gave her lunch and
42、 helped her find a lift.【38题详解】考查词句猜测。戈I线句子“I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour Td been given decades earlier.”意思是作者认为这是另一个报答某人几十年前给予她的恩惠的机会。因 止匕可以表达为 I thought it was my turn to repay someone fbr the favour Id been given decades earlier. 故答案为 I thought it was my turn to
43、repay someone fbr the favour Id been given decades earlier.【39题详解】考查细节理解 o 根据第四段中的“I thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour Id been given decades earlier. I pulled over and picked him up. I made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.（我以为这是另一个报答某人几十年前给予我的恩
44、惠的机会。我 靠边停车把他接了起来。我让他舒服地坐在后座上，给他倒了点水）”及最后一段中的“Hethen told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all those years ago. It was Gordon.（然后他告诉我，他就是多年前给我吃过午饭、帮我搭车的那个人。这是Gordon）”可 知，作者把车停到路边接了这位老人，因为她想回报他人，而且开始并没有认出这位老人正 是帮助过他的人。故答案为 The author pulled over to pick up the elderl
45、y man in 2003 because he recognized the elder was the very Derscm who ever helped him. Because the author wanted to give back to others instead of recognizing the elder.40题详解】此为开放性题目，言之有理即可，题干为：你会为一个看起来有麻烦的陌生人提供帮助吗？ 为什么或者为什么不呢？可回答：如果陌生人需要帮助，只要我能力所及就会尽可能给予帮 助。毕竟助人为快乐之本。在别人需要的时候伸出援手，也能为这个世界带来些许美好和温 暖。
46、 故答案为 If a stranger needs help, I will give it as much as I can. After all, helping others is the root of happiness. Helping others in their time of need can also bring a little bit of beauty and warmth to the world.第三部分：词汇短语辨析（共13小题，每小题1分，共13分） 第一节 英译汉（共4小题，每小题1分。共4分） 写出下划线词的意思。41. Jane has the sen
47、se of humour with me.42. One needs to be passionate and positive if he wants to be successful.43. Davids life has changed a lot, but he appreciates it,since he can experience different style of living.44. On the front of each card, please write some motivating words for your friends.【答案】41.幽默 42.热情的
48、43.欣赏、感激 44.激发人的【解析】【41题详解】考查名词。句意：简对我很有幽默感。根据句意及所给句子可知，本句中的humour是名词， 意为“幽默”。故填：幽默。【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果一个人想要成功，他需要热情和积极。根据句意及所给句子可知， 本句中的passionate是形容词，意为“热情的”。故填：热情的。【43题详解】考查动词。句意：大卫的生活改变了很多，但他很感激，因为他可以体验不同的生活方式。 根据句意及所给句子可知，本句中的appreciates是谓语动词的第三人称单数形式，意为“欣赏、 感激”。故填：欣赏、感激。【44题详解】考查形容词。句意：在每张卡片的正面
49、，请为你的朋友写一些激励的话。根据句意及所给句 子可知，本句中的motivating是形容词，意为“激发人的”。故填：激发人的。第二节 汉译英（共4小题，每小题1分。共4分）Tm so delighted to receive your i（邀请）.（根据中英文提示单词拼写）【答案】invitation#nvitation【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：我很高兴收到你的邀请。根据汉语及首字母提示可知，此处使用 名词 invitation,作 receive 的宾语。故填 invitationoWe should do our best to c（努力赢得；追逐）our dreams.（根据中英文提示单词拼写） 【答案】chase#hase【