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1、2022年高考英语大二轮复习讲与练（通用版）09动词类提示词语法填空题攻略【高频考点回顾】要点一谓语及其形式的确定【是否作谓语】第一步确定是否作谓语分析句子结构，找出句中是否缺少谓语，如果缺少谓语，则该空格应填谓语动词。第二步确定作谓语的三点注意1 .根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；2 .根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定语态；3 .根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。【作何种谓语】1.如何确定谓语动词的时态最近几年高考语法填空最常考的时态是一般过去时、一般现在时和现在完成时。可以通过以下方式确 定时态。思维定向解题原则慧眼识别 标志词(1) 般过去时的标志词
2、:yesterday, last year, in 2018, two days ago等(2)般现在时的标志词:often, usually, always等(3)现在完成时的标志词：since, recently, in the past/last few years,so far, in recent years； for+时间段等瞻前顾后 找并列表小并列关系的谓语动词在住时态 致，如：and, but, not only.butalso连接的句子时态相呼应，应该一gU通过动作先后关系当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，我们可以根据动作发生的先后 关系来判定时态。通过“语境暗示”法在时间状语
3、和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过上下文的语境暗 示，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。典例示例1】（2020.浙江7月卷）他母亲让他每天扫地板。(3)过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:have, make, get, find, see, notice, watch, hear, feel, want, like 等。The teacher wont like the problem discussed at the moment.老师不希望此刻讨论这个问题。(4)现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动、进行常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语有feel, find,
4、hear, notice, observe, see, watch, get, have, keep, leave, send, set, listen to, look at 等。He stood at the window, from where he could see his classmates playing basketball on the playground.他站在窗口，从那里他可以看到他的同学在操场上打篮球。【典例示例15(2020浙江1月卷)Something significant is happening to the world populationit is a
5、ging.The median (中位数的)age of anAmerican in 1950 56.was 30一today it is 41 and is expected 57.(increase) to 42 by 2050.【答案与解析to increase 分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is expected,且不是并列谓语，故此处考 查的是非谓语动词。固定表达be expected to do sth表示“被期望做某事”，不定式作补足语。故填to increaseo 【典例示例16】(2020.全国卷H)They make great gifs and you see them
6、many times 65.(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【答案与解析】decorated 句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过 去分词作宾语补足语。【典例示例17(2018 全国卷III)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70.(stay) and watch.【答案与解析】to stay 考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事。为固定搭配。要点三词性转换简析如果
7、所给动词既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则一般应进行词性转换，通常变为名词。【典例示例1（2020.山东高考模拟卷）On the morning of her grandsons wedding, Peg McCormack received some bad news.The 91 yearold was in the hospital after a fall when she found out she would be unable to attend the 36.(celebrate) in Madison, New Jersey.【答案与解析celebration 分析句子结构可知，3
8、6空处既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，由空前的the可知， 空处需要填名词形式。故答案为celebration。【典例示例2】(2020.北京卷)Because of the confidence she inspired in me, Ive carved out a 3. (success) profession as a journalist.【答案与解析】successful profession为名词，意为“职业”，故应用形容词修饰名词，故填successful。 【高频考点强化】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1We think that life
9、 in Chinese high school is L adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and exams. Yet would it be 2. (surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China?In US high school, everything 3 (record) and graded, including your g
10、rades on quizzes, (test) and final exams. Failing to hand in 5 (you) homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course. Perhaps contrary to 6 we used to think of the US high school students, they pay great attention to their academic performance (学业成绩)to try to get into famous un
11、iversities. Otherwise, theyll be disappointed after their 7. (graduate) from high school.Like university students, US high school students have the freedom 8. (sign) up the courses that most interest them.” (actual) , even a 9th-grader can sit in the same classroom as a 12th-grader. But he / she mus
12、t concentrate 10. his / her studies and it also means he/she has to work very hard, because the teacher will not treat he/ she differently.2“Be true to yourself is a IL (common) used saying encouraging individuals to make decisions according to their own beliefs. However, one should always take into
13、 12. (consider) the thoughts and opinions of others, because 13. outsider can often see the situation from a different point of view, 14. (offer) a different way of going about the problem. John F. Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis sought the advice of others 15. how to handle the situation an
14、d ended up making the right decisions. Lily from Edith Whartons “House of Mirth was j 6.(able) to listen to the advice of others and consequently made poor decisions. Asking for the opinions of others for personal or professional decisions 17. (help) one avoid making the wrong decision.Though it is
15、important to remain true to all 18. each of us truly believes in, we are expected 19. (keep) one ear open to objective opinions. Without the thoughts of others, we will find20, never grow.3When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. One day, he told me, Next Saturday afternoon from
16、 two to five o*clock I will be fishing beside the river, which was slightly 21 . (distance). Would you like to accompany me?” I showed my deep 22. (appreciate) for his advice and said that I would love to. But the only thing that wasnt very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I coul
17、d barely catch anything, which was quite disappointing. By the end of that day, he 23. (catch) about twenty fishes already. A few were up to over twenty 24. (centimeter) long. I got pretty upset and made an inquiry about the reason. He always answered, nSon, the fish is like an opponent. If you want
18、 to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish. nI became even more 25. (annoy) then because Pm not a fish!” I didnt know how to think like a fish. T once considered 26. (give) up fishing.As I got a little older, I began to understand 27, my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. I learne
19、d that a fish is a cold-blooded animal, as a result of 28. it is very sensitive (敏感的)to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water-the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish dont have any eyelids (眼目佥)and the sun
20、 hurts their eyes.When I grew up and entered the business world, it occurred 29. me what my first boss said, We all need to think like sales people.n But it didn*t completely make sense. My dad never once said, nIf you want to catch a fish, you need to think like a fisherman.* What he said was, nYou
21、 need to think like a fish.” Years later, I learned what we all need was to think more like customers. 30. (distinct), it is not quite an easy job.4After a snowstorm hit Atlanta in January of 2014, rumors (谣言)spread that it wasnt snow. Some said that it was fake snow, 31 . man-made chemical, or nano
22、bots (纳米机器人).Similar misinformation is cropping up on social media after Winter Storm Uri in the American South in 2021.It is a strange idea, to say 32, least. Some viewers, 33. (especial) those who have not encountered snow before, could possibly be forgiven for believing the idea was 34. (reason).
23、 A lot of videos showed people burning snow, only 35. (see) it apparently not melt, leaving a black mark on the surface of the white snow balls, as if it were artificial, and not just made of 36. (freeze) water.Fed up with these misleading 37.(video), astronomer and science writer Phil Plait took a
24、lighter to snow and got a similar result. But this is merely how real snow behaves. Plait took advantage of the situation to explain the science behind what 38. (go) on in. As he said, when snow melts, the water 39. (absorb) by the remaining loosely packed snow. This is how snow cones (果味冰沙)hold ont
25、o their sugary water, and explains 40, they are so delicious. And the black marks are ashes of the smoke from the lighter fuel.5Figure skating(花样滑冰)，as we know, got its start in the mid-19th century, when an American 41. (name) Jackson Haines combined dancing and skating for the first time. American
26、s did not accept his technique, so he moved to Vienna, Austria, 42. he was an immediate success.Figure skating became an Olympic sport before there were Winter Games. Events for pairs and singles first 43. (appear) at the London 1908 Summer Games. In singles, each skater performs a short routine(一套动
27、作)of required steps, jumps, spins, and combinations, as well as a longer free-skating routine. The pairs event 44. (follow) the same format (形式)，but with one male and one female 45. (perform) together.Ice dance is performed by one male and one female, too. But 46. (like) pairs, ice dance does not in
28、clude overhead lifts and jumps. An ice dance 47. (compete) is made up of two parts now: one is set to music which has a certain rhythm, and the other is set to whatever music the ice dancers choose.A group of nine judges scores the quality of each figure skating performance, 48. only seven out of ni
29、ne scores are used. Skaters are given a grade for each step jump, spin, or any other element that is part of their routine. They also receive 49. “overall score for each performance. The person or team with the 50. (high) total score is the winner.6As a teenager, I often heard people say, High schoo
30、l is the best years of life!1 So I looked forward to51. (begin) a new life as a freshman.Actually, there were really too many unforgettable moments in those years. Whether they were bad moments or52. (amaze) ones, all of them left a deep impression53. me.During those years, I liked to volunteer and
31、took an active part in debate. I behaved54. (responsible) and never quit before challenges. And it was at that time that I met my best friend Ann,55, unique and lovely girl. Just like me, she was also active, helpful and curious56. (explore) everything on campus. She would help me whenever I was in
32、trouble and would give me57. (confident) whenever I lost heart. She was the best friend in my youth.Other than voluntary work, 1 also liked sporting events, which58. (be) the most exciting parts of the high school life. On sports days, all the students would show up to cheer59. (they) sports teams.
33、The shouts, the cheers, the sighs60. all the noise you can think of were all brought into one place. What a happy sight!I really miss my high school life.7When you step off the train in Anyang, you step back in time.The city 61. (sit) on the borders of Shanxi and Hebei provinces, and its central loc
34、ation puts it within a few hours by fast train of many Chinese cities.It is 62. comfortable place where accommodation is cheap, dining affordable and taxi fares low. But leaving the ordinariness of modem life behind, the visitors will soon be able to survey some of the citys 63. (glory) past, for it
35、 is one of Chinas eight ancient capitals, and in it there are ruins and relics 64. (date) back as much as 3,000 years.The city has just got a little more attractive because the Henan government 65. (announce) recently that visitors to 432 A-level scenic areas in the province would not require entran
36、ce tickets between Oct 10 and Nov 10, 66. (include) all of Anyangs 35 A-level scenic spots. 67. , if you wish to take advantage of this youll need to be quick, because the free visits can be offered only when you make reservations 68. advance.Visitors can also enter Fuhaos underground tomb, which wa
37、s discovered in 1976 in the Yinxu Ruins. There are also exhibitions about 69. (write) languages of Chinas ethnic minority (少数民族)groups and the development of printing techniques, such as movable type printing, one of the four great 70. (invent) in ancient China.8Fuzhou, capital of southeastern Pujia
38、n province, rarely features on travel plans for people coming to China. However, it deserves a place on 71. (traveler) maps, as it has an excellent place for explorers, cultural enthusiasts and foodies, 72. also offers a unique glimpse (一瞥)into another side of a more real China off the beaten touris
39、t track.Fuzhou locals represent the southern Chinese mentality of openness and friendliness一so they will be happy 73. (give) you a warm welcome. And as temperatures can reach up to 20 even in January, Fuzhou is a perfect place for a winter destination from Chinas cold north.74. (locate) on the banks
40、 of the Min River and right across from Taiwan on the East China Sea, Fuzhou is inmany ways the perfect example of the southern Chinese capital. Next 75. the lively and busy local streets of the inner city you get sea views, mountains 76. historical sites, but also some of the 77. (delicious) food i
41、n all of China and a night life full of energy. 78. place, with its marvelous green parks and gardens, 79. (know) as the nCity of Banyans* too, because of the numerous banyan trees planted there since the Song Dynasty. If you are looking to escape the noisy urban life, Fuzhou offers a wide range of
42、places for 80. (entertain) and adventure.By about 6, 000 BC, people 61.(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.【答案与解析had discovered 分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余谓语动词，且主语和提示词之 间为主动关系，故此处需用动词的时态。本句中时间标志词By about 6, 000 BC为“by+过去时间”结构，意 为“到为止”,句子应该用过去完成时。故填had discovered。【典例示例2(2020.全国卷III)65 . Whe
43、n/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的)artist, they smiled and 66.(point) down the river.【答案与解析】pointed 分析句子结构可知，and连接并列谓语，根据上文they smiled ,可知此处应用 一般过去时，故填pointed。【典例示例3】(2020.山东高考模拟卷)The way she held their hands, 44.(touch) their faces and just
44、looked at them, you could tell they had such a special bond.【答案与解析】touched 分析句子结构可知，held, looked和空处为并列谓语。【典例示例4(2019全国卷I )In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65.(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66.belief that populations are increasing.【答案与解析】 have
45、 reported 分析句子成分可知，In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65.(report) increases缺少谓语，故空处应填谓语动词。再由时间状语In recent years可知，该 句应用现在完成时。66 如何确定谓语动词的语态分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动 词的主语是这个动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；如所给动词的主语是这个动词的承受者，该动词就 用被动语态。【典例示例5(2020全国卷I )Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown
46、University, says, because it 67,means (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68.(construct).”【答案与解析】is constructed 分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句的谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon 之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填 is constructed o |【典例示例6(2020新高考卷I )The parts of a museum open
47、to the public 40.(call) galleries or rooms.【答案与解析are called 分析句子结构可知，该句主语为The parts of a museum,设空处为谓语动词， 与主语之间为被动关系，结合语境可知这里为客观事实，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。【典例示例7(2020.浙江1月卷)People tend to focus on the first factor.However, greater attention should 64.(place) on longevity (长寿).【答案与解析】be placed 由短语place greate
48、r attention on可知，attention与place之间是被动关系，故 用被动语态。67 如何确定谓语动词的单复数考生答题时不仅要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态，还要时刻提醒“主谓一致”也是高考考查的重要一环。可数名词单数、不可数名词及第三人称代词(he, she, it)作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数及第 一、二、三人称复数(we, you, they)作主语时谓语动词用复数。牢记以下几种主谓一致的情况。思维定向解题原则定语从句中主谓一致在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时， 其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致。非谓语和主语从句作主语非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但 what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。就近原则i either.or., neither.nor., not.but., not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上 保持一致。就远原则主语后总艮有 with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等引起的短语时