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1、class。 Shes always picking on you. What can it be this time? You think of the test you did last Friday. Now your mind is racing, your heart is pounding, and your forehead is pouring with sweat. In situations like this you will often feel like running away but you may also feel like hitting someone o
2、n the nose.Your teacher asks you to go into the class. Here it es, “ you think. But what you hear is, Well done. Your test was excellent. You can hardly believe your ears. Our fight or flight response is designed to protect us from tigers that may hide in the woods around us, threatening our surviva
3、l. At times when our survival is threatened, there is no greater response to have on our side. When activated, the response causes stress hormones to pump through our body.When we face very real dangers to our survival, it is invaluable. However, few of the “tigers” we face in our lives cause a seri
4、ous physical threat to our existence. They cause us no end of stress, triggering（弓|起）the full activation of our fight or flight response. They tend to cause us to overreact to the situation in a counterproductive （事与愿违的）way. It is counterproductive to hit someone （the fight response） or run away（the
5、 flight response）.By recognizing the symptoms, we can begin to take steps to handle the stress overload. By learning to recognize the signals of fight or flight activation, we can avoid reacting excessively （过度地）to events and fears that are not life threatening. In doing so, we use this extra energy
6、 to help ourselves, borrowing the beneficial effects in order to change our emotional environment and deal productively with our fears, thoughts and potential dangers.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过叙述一位经常受老师批评的学生的过 度反应，告诉我们战斗或逃跑反应运用不当会带来不必要的压力。1. According to the passage, you feel nervous when walking to the
7、 classroom because.A. you broke the school rulesB. you failed the test last FridayC. your teacher spoke to you loudlyD. your teacher always criticizes youD 推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可推知，当你走向教室时，你会感到紧张，因 为你的老师总是批评你。2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. The power of our fight or flight response.B. How our figh
8、t or flight response works.C. The benefits of our fight or flight response.D. How we control our fight or flight response.B 段落大意题。根据第三段第一句可推知，本段的主旨为我们的战斗或逃跑反应是如 何起作用的。3. The underlined word “They” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to ” .A. fierce tigersB. real dangersC. dangers we faceD serious physica
9、l threatsC 代词指代题。根据第四段中的“When we face very real dangers to our survival, it is invaluable. . . They cause us no end of stress” 可知，代词 They 在此处指我们面 对的危险。4. A good understanding of our fight or flight response can help us.A. get rid of unnecessary stressB. face real dangers bravelyC. find potential dan
10、gersD. take threats seriouslyA 推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可推知，对战斗或逃跑反应有一个很好的理解可 以帮助我们摆脱不必要的压力。BOwning a dog is associated with a significantly lower risk of heart disease and death, according to a prehensive new study published by a team of Swedish researchers on Friday in the journal Scientific Reports.The sci
11、entists followed 3. 4 million people over the course of 12 years and found that adults who lived alone and owned dogs were 33 percent less likely to die during the study than adults who lived alone without dogs. In addition, the single adults with dogs were 36 percent less likely to die from heart d
12、isease.“Dog ownership was especially prominent as a protective factor in people living alone, who are a group reported previously to be at higher risk of heart disease and death than those living in a multi person household, “ Mwenya Mubanga, a Ph. D. student at Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden
13、, and the lead junior author of the study, said in a statement announcing its findings. The link between dog ownership and lower mortality（死亡率）was less pronounced in adults who lived either with family members or partners, but still present, according to the study. Perhaps a dog may stand in as an i
14、mportant family member in the single household, “ Mubanga added. Another interesting finding was that owners of dogs which were intended originally for hunting were most protected. ,The study, which is the largest to date on the health relations of owning a dog, suggested that one of the reasons why
15、 dog owners may have a lower risk of mortality and heart disease was that dog owners walked more. These kinds of epidemiological （流行病学的）studies look for associations in large populations but do not provide answers to whether and how dogs could protect their owners from heart disease, “ Tove Fall, a
16、senior author of the study and a professor at Uppsala University, said in a statement.“We know that dog owners in general have a higher level of physical activity, which could be one explanation for the observed results, “Fall added. Other explanations include increased well being and social contact
17、s or effects of the dog on the bacterial microbiome（微生物菌群）in the owner. Fall added that because all participants of the study were Swedish, the results most closely apply to dog owners in Sweden or other uEuropean populations with similar culture regarding dog ownershipn .【语篇解读】 本文是一篇生活类说明文。作者首先介绍了一
18、项研究结果：养狗可以降 低患心脏病及死亡的风险。接下来分析了可能产生这种结果的原因。5. Why did the researchers do the study related to 3. 4 million people，s health and the dogs?A. To help Europeans.B. To find their association.C. To protect unhealthy adults.D. To reduce the risk of heart disease.B 细节理解题。文章第一段提出了一项研究成果：养狗可以降低患心脏病和死亡的风 险。第二段讲
19、的是科学家们在十二年期间研究了三百四十万人，他们发现养狗的独居成年人 比不养狗的独居成年人的死亡率要低33%,也就是说，做这项研究是为了发现两者之间的关 系，所以选B。6. What does the underlined word “prominent“ probably mean in Para. 3?A. Universal.B. Confusing.C. Appealing.D. Important.D 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，独居的人跟那些生活在多人口家庭里的人相比，他们患心脏病以及死亡的风险更高。所以，作为一种保护因素，养狗对独居的人来说尤其“重 要”，故选D项。7. Whats
20、 the main idea of the text?A. Adults living with dogs are less likely to die.B. Swedish people are very fond of pets.C. Keeping a dog is a popular and healthy hobby.D. Owning dogs reduces the risk of heart disease.D 主旨大意题。文章第一段就提出了研究结果:养狗可以降低患心脏病及死亡的风险, 之后分析了可能产生这种结果的原因，故选D项。8. Whats the writers att
21、itude towards owning a dog?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Objective.D. Contradictory.C 观点态度题。作者在介绍了研究结果之后，接着用研究报告及研究人员的言论分析 了可能导致这种结果的原因，其中作者并没有表明自己的态度，只是在用事实说话，不带有 个人意见，因此是客观的，所以选C。H.阅读七选五（2019 沈阳质量监测）As a senior year student, you may have so many pressures ing from so many directions that you can，t fi
22、gure out what to do first.When you have many things to do and a lot of demands on your time, you can lose sight of what，s important. One of the best ways to see the big picturewhat you want out of life一is to lay out your goals.Pressure points and how to deal with them2. Discuss your concerns with a
23、friend, parent or teacher. They may help you find solutions to your problems and worries.Dont be too hard on yourself一ease up, take a break and do something you enjoy, daydream, read a book, go out with friends一anything that helps you relax.3Goal-setting tipsIts important to remember that goals belo
24、ng to younot to your parents, your teachers, or your friends. 4_, do some research. Try the library, your guidance adviser and teachers, and other people who could help you._5ntify the barriers to getting your goals. Consider ways to overe them. Don，t get depressed by a big, long- term goal一see what
25、 steps you can take to achieve it and set those steps down as short-term, “do-able“ goals.A. Too much to doB. Balancing goals in lifeC. Goals exist to serve youD. Confused or overwhelmed一talk to someone you trustE. If youre not sure what skills you，11 needF. As long as you know what skill is importa
26、nt and what isn，tG. Choose whats most urgent and set aside the rest until later1. B 分析空处位置可知，空处应为段落小标题。下文讲的是在你有很多事情要做， 并且在时间上有很多要求时，你可能不清楚什么是重要的，顾全大局的最好办法之一是列出 你的目标。由此可知B项“在生活中要平衡目标”符合语境。2. D 根据空后的句子 “Discuss your concerns with a friend, parent or teacher. ” 可知，该空处表示“当你感到困惑与不知所措时，和你信任的人交谈”，所以选D项。3.
27、G 根据空前的“recognize your limits.at once”可知，同时出现许多问题时， 既然没有能力同时处理，那么应该先处理最需要处理的问题，然后再处理其他问题，所以选 G项。4. E 根据空后的do some research. Try the library. . who could help you” 可 知，如果你不确定你需要的技能是什么，你可以做研究，可以泡图书馆，可以试着求助于能 够帮助你的人，所以选E项。E项中的skills 一词照应空前的skills。5. C 根据空后的 “If your goal is something you no longer want
28、, change it” , 如果你的目标是你不再需要的东西，你就改变它，因为目标存在的目的是为你服务的，空处 与后面的句子构成因果关系，所以选C项。in.语法填空(2019 武汉 4 月 调研)The energy that so many outsiders feel when they are in China es not just from the hurrying footsteps that can 1.(see) everywhere. It also es from a sense that it is used for something bigger.A few year
29、s ago, I interviewed Zhang Xin, a young man from a 2. (deep) poor agricultural province in central China. His parents were wheat 3.(farmer) and lived in a tiny one-room house next to the fields. He 4.(graduate) from Tsinghua University and gotten a job as a software engineer at Huawei. His success,
30、Zhang told me one day, had changed his family forever, 5.(keep) his families away from hard labor forever. Not his parents. Not his children. That kind of life was over.Multiply that young man，s story by millions, 6. you will get a sense that this once very backward society has bee 7. forward-lookin
31、g country.A smart American who lived in China for years put it this way： China is making a great effort to bee 8.it has not yet bee. It is upwardly mobile, proudly so. ”Proudly so , because as Zhang understood , hard work today means a much 9.(good) life decades from now for 10.(he) later generation
32、s and the country.1. be seen 考查被动语态。that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词footsteps,并且 在从句中作主语；定语从句中主语与动词see之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；因空前 为情态动词can,故填be seen。2. deeply 考查副词。空处修饰形容词poor,作状语，要用副词。deep作副词讲时 意为“在深处，深深地；deeply为副词，意为“非常”，符合语境。3. farmers 考查名词单复数。他的父母都是种植小麦的农民，根据语境可知空处应 用名词；根据空前的His parents和were可知，空处应用名词复数。4. had gradua
33、ted 考查动词的时态。根据and之后的gotten可知，这里要用完成时； 大学毕业的动作是在interviewed这个过去的动作之前发生的，所以要用过去完成时。5. keeping 考查非谓语动词。keep与主语His success之间是逻辑上的主谓关系， 故此处用现在分词短语作状语，对谓语动词had changed进行补充说明。6. and 考查连词。“祈使句+ and +陈述句”是固定句型，故空处应填and。7. a 考查冠词。此处泛指一个国家，要用不定冠词，且forward-looking的发音以 辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。8. what 考查连接词。空处是一个连接词，引导了一个
34、从句，作bee的表语。空处在 表语从句中作bee的表语，表示“什么”,所以要用what。9. better 考查形容词的比较级。根据空前的much,并结合语境可知，此处要用比 较级。10. his 考查代词。空处作定语，修饰后面的名词later generations,所以要用形 容词性物主代词。IV.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(八)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写
35、出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。（2019 石家庄教学检测）Dear Mom,r m now in the United States, a country so differently from China. Everything is fresh but interesting! I have made some friends there and they are very kind. Still, you know how much I miss you and your cooking.The mere thoug
36、ht of the dishes you prepare makes my mouth to water. My friends had some strange ways of describing their hungry. For instance, “I can eat a horse! Its a little confused, hmm? Im also sending you a few record of our daily conversations, from that you can hear real American English.It may be useful
37、to you as English teacher.Yours,Li Hua答案Dear Mom,r m now in the United States,a country sodifferentlydifferentfrom China. Everythingbutthereis fresh ; interesting! I have made some friends and they are veryandherekind. Still, you know how much I miss you and your cooking. The mere thought of thedish
38、es youhadprepare makes my mouth -te water. My friends : some strange ways ofnavedescribinghungry,their :. For instance, I can eat a horse! It s a littlehungerconfusedconfusing，,.recordhmm? I m also sending you a few of our daily conversations,recordsthat from . whichyou can hear real American Englis
39、h. It may be useful to you as A Englishanteacher.Yours,Li HuaFar from the Madding 6?od(1874) was his first popular success. It shows Hardy，s amazing power of describing nature as symbolic background for his characters, an organic part of the action of his story. This was the earliest of what he call
40、ed his novels of character and environment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the d Urbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude the Obscure. Not until he was fifty-eight years old was his first collection of poems published, and he was sixty- four when the first part of his drama The Dynas
41、ts surprised the literary world.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品。1. How did Thomas Hardy benefit from his architectural career?A. He could practice writing while working.B. He made a lot of money to support his writing.C. He found material for his novels and poems.D. He applied architectura
42、l knowledge in his novels.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training” 可知，在他的小 说中细腻的结构描述可能得益于他在建筑方面的学习训练，即他把建筑知识应用到了他的小 说中。故选D项。2. What is Thomas Hardy，s Under the Greenwood Tree considered to be?A. One of his masterwork
43、s.B. His first popular success.C. His best novel in perfection of art.D. One of his best collections of poems.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Under the Greenwood 7yee(1872) was never surpassed(超越)in happy and delicate perfection of art” 可知，绿树林下在艺术 的恰当和熟练方面从未被超越。3. Which of the following is one of his novels of char
44、acter and environment?A. Despera te Remedi esB. A Pair of Blue EyesC. Tess of the d UrbervillesD. The DynastsC 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the d Urbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude
45、the Obscure”可知， Tess of the 7是性格和环境小说，故选C。4. What type of writing is this text?A. A novel.B. A biography.C. A book review.D. A news report.B 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品， 属于人物传记，故选B。B（2019 大连市一模）Rich as a KingWilliam I , who conquered England some 950 years ago, had wealth, power and an
46、 army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet（抽水马桶）,paper towels, or a riding lawn mower（割草机）.How did he get by?Nicholas lacked an electric saw.he greed I feel toward my friend Howard? s new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings
47、ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. You，d think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath, too.Of course, one way to ac
48、hieve happiness would be to realize that even by today，s standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms than my wife and I can keep clean.Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers，fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I cant keep up with my neighbo