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1、【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结(新高考通用)第17讲阅读理解词义猜测题(精讲精炼)题型目录一览推测划线单词或短语的含义推测代词含义推测划线句含义一、知识点梳理一，词义猜测题目常见的设问方式1. The word refer to/ probable means.2. The underlined word could best be replaced by.3. What do you think the expression stands for?4. By saying we mean.5. “ as used in the passage can best
2、be defined as.二，猜测词义的方法1,通过上下文来猜测词义2,通过构词法(1)转化：形式不变，词性变。如：study n.研究，调查-v.学习；free adj.空闲的-v.释放。(2)合成词：由两个或两个以上的单词构成。如：合成动词outact,合成形容词heart-broken,合 成名词classmate等。(3)派生词：加前缀或后缀。如：dishonest, indifferent, worker, suggestion三，解题技巧1,利用指代关系猜测代词词义：代词指代的内容，要通过仔细阅读前几句的内 Farmer, a gifted programmer, using a
3、n automated investigative program of his own called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set ud home without fitting locks to their doors.9. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?A. Many Internet sites are not well protected.B. Those happy t
4、imes appear still to be with us.C. There simply wasnt any crime to worry about.D. Hackers dont actually break into an Internet site.Marissa Sumathipala, a student at Broad Run High School outside of Washington, D.C, was practicing with her recreational figure-skating team when she crashed with anoth
5、er skater. Her head hit against the ice heavily. Everything went black.Up to that point, Sumathipalas entire life had centred around her sport-her daily schedule, exercise routine, even her diet. She had hopes of making the 2018 Olympic team. The fall on the ice would change everything, including he
6、r direction.Sumathipala had a brain injury and it ended her skating career. Symptoms lasted for years. Her memoiy felt unclear at times. Shed find herself dizzy, sick, or exhausted. Sumathipala consulted doctors, so many that she lost count. But no one had answers.Sumathipala began to realize that t
7、here was so much unknown about the brain. She set out to find the answers herself, a path that would eventually bring her to Harvard University, where shed concentrate in the human brain. Throughout her four years, Surmathipala homed in onbrain science. She worked with the McCarroll Lab at Harvard M
8、edical School, helping develop a new method fbr sequencing synapses （神经突序歹U） in the brain, which are crucial for memory and learning. Even as an undergraduate, her colleagues were so struck by how mature her thinking already was about science that she quickly became a trusted and valued member of th
9、e lab.Also, Sumathipala competed with the Harvard Figure Skating Club all four years. She helped increase its membership and introduced new skaters to the sport she still loves. I spent a long time struggling with my identity,“ she said. Growing up I was just a skater and then, when I got injured, I
10、 had to rebuild my identity. Then I was a scientist. Now, I identify as being both a skater and a scientist.Reflecting on her years at Harvard, Sumathipala said one of the things shes most grateful for is seeing how things have come full circle fbr her.10.What does the underlined phrase homed in on“
11、 in paragraph 4 probably mean?A. focused onB. returned toC. attended toD. stayed at容，推测主要是看前面句子所出现的名词或相当于名词的表达。2 .利用定义词或同位语来猜测词义：通过阅读定义和解释部分，可了解基本含义。线索词有 that, which, is, or, that is, in other words 等。还有的同位语以括号或破折号的形式出现。3 .利用举例来猜测词义。4 .利用对比或比较的词语来猜测词义，如反义词或者能体现对比关系的词汇，主要有 but, yet, however,while, in
12、stead, on the contrary 等。5 .利用因果关系来猜测词义：一定的原因会导致一定的结果。常见的表示因果关系的词汇有： since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently.6 .利用经验和常识猜测。题型一推测划线单词或短语的含义【典例1（2022全国甲卷）As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins（企 鹅）longing to say hello.These gentle,
13、lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love fbr traveLThroughout her career（职业）as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from
14、dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last
15、-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland just decided I wanted to go J she says/I had no idea about what Fd find there and I wasnt nervous, I just wanted to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I alway
16、s prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she*d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica.Trom seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has J Ginni says. I r
17、emember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it justrose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.95The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the bi
18、ggest things that hit home to Ginni.28.Which of the following best explains take the plunge“ underlined in paragraph 2?A.Try challenging things.B.Take a degree.C.Bring back lost memories.D.Stick to a promise.【典例2】（2022全国乙卷）Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railw
19、ays and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying todays eyes in the sky“ technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设 施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drone
20、s are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more ra
21、ilway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend app
22、roximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staffs often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews* efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start p
23、roviding higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail dont need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on
24、 the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time
25、.29.What does maintenance“ underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Personnel safety. B.Assistance from drones.C.Inspection and repair. D.Construction of infrastructure.题型二推测代词含义【典例】（2022新高考II卷）Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried
26、 a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse.Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos.Road accidents, which had fallen f
27、or years, are now rising sharply.That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was only increasing, unfortunately.”“Big change requires big ideas. he said in a speech last month, referrin
28、g broadly to the need to improve road safety.So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device
29、 called the Textalyzer.lt would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything el
30、se that is not allowed under New York*s hands-free driving laws.“We need something on the books that can change peoples behavior,said Felix W.Ortiz, who pushed fbr the states 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said,“people are going to be more afraid to p
31、ut their hands on the cell phone.”10. What does the underlined word “something“ in the last paragraph refer to?A.Advice. B.Data. C.Tests. D.Laws.题型三推测划线句含义【典例1（2022新高考II卷）We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools.Many young people dont even realize its new.For
32、them, its just nonnal.This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.I had brought a childrens book to read.It had simple words and colorful pictures - a perfect match fbr his age.Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as T hold the
33、book in front so he can see the pictures.As I read, he reaches out and pokes （戳）the page with his finger.What*s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought.Then I turned the page and continued.He poked the page even harder.I nearly dropped the book.I was confused: Is there something wrong wi
34、th this kid?Then I realized what was happening.He was actually a stranger to books.His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.He thought my storybook was like that.Sorry, kid.This book is not part of your hig
35、h-tech world.Its an outdated, lifeless thing.An antique, like your grandfather.Well, I may be old, but Fm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking.I edit video and produce audio.I use mobile payment.Fve even built websites.Theres one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: Fve spent li
36、ttle time in front of a camera, since I have a face made fbr radio.But that didnt stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star - two minutes of fame! I prom
37、ise not to let it go to my head.But I will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.4.What do the underlined words hit home fbr me“ mean in paragraph 2? A.Provided shelter for me.B.Became veiy clear to me.C.Took the pressure off me.D.Worked quite well on me.【题型训练】1.He passed away many
38、years ago. Father of the year （年度最佳父亲）,my dad was not. That said, in some ways, he was a better parent than many dads are today.He loved to attend my hockey （曲棍球）games. He tied my skates for years when I was young. But he didnt go to a single one of the hundreds of soccer games I played as a kid. I
39、didnt care. All I wanted from my parents was a ride to the game. I was there to see my friends, not perform for Mom and Dad.Thats why I dont understand helicopter parents, the ones who suffer from great guilt and shame if they cant make every single piano practice or football game. Your kids probabl
40、y dont care. Let them go and have some ftin. All that matters is that you drop them off and pick them up on time. Consistency is king.Of course, when kids are really young, they want to spend time with you. And they want you, the parent, to be focused on spending time with them, not checking your ph
41、one. Wherever you are, be there,“ said the great Jim Rohn.My dad never had a cell phone. He never used the Internet. I dont even think he ever touched a computer. But even if he did have a phone, I cant imagine him checking when we would play catch in the backyard.He was present. Every day in the su
42、mmer, right after lunch, wed play catch. Hed teach me how to throw a curve ball （曲线壬求）.Sometimes hed pitch to me, and when hed hit me with a fastball, hed say, Thatll toughen you up. Wed play until we lost all of the balls in the garden, not until he was distracted by a cellphone. Jim Rohn would hav
43、e approved of his presence, although perhaps not his attitude about fastballs.1. What do the underlined words helicopter parents in paragraph 3 refer to?A. The parents who can fly helicopters.B. The parents who pick up their kids on time.C. The parents who enjoy participating in sports.D. The parent
44、s who focus too much on their kids.You dont need to be an expert to recognize luna moths （蚕蛾）.They have hairy white bodies, red legs and huge green wings that stretch up to 4.5 inches across. And at the end of their wings are a pair of long tails that have attracted scientists fbr centuries.Some of
45、them theorized that it was possible that female moths judged the health and quality of a male by the size of his tails. But it turned out that female moths were not choosy at all. They just mate with the first males they could find. Others believed that the tails could increase luna moths size to ma
46、ke them harder fbr the bats-the main enemy of luna moths一to handle. But the theory proved wrong in 1903 when a scientist named Archibald Weeks put bats against a bigger species of moths that lacked tails. He found that the bats killed 66% of their targets. Luna moths, despite being smaller, were har
47、der to catch. “Clearly, their tails provided an anti-bat advantage,“ Weeks observed. I think they were used to direct bats away from the moths, body.”He was roughly right. More than a century later, Jesse Barber from Boise State University put luna moths against bats in a dark room and filmed the hu
48、nting. Under normal circumstances, the bats only managed to catch 35% of the luna moths. But if Barber cut off their tails beforehand, the bats caught 81% of them. That was not because the moths became worse fliers-in fact, cutting the troublesome tails seemed to have improved their flying abilities.Barber explained that bats were not visual hunters. They found their food with a special sound. To be protected from bats, luna moths needed something that made confusing sounds. That was what the luna moths tails did: As they flew, they waved behind them and produced sounds th