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1、【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通用） 第15讲阅读理解推理判断题（精讲）题型目录一览推断隐含意义推断作者写作意图推断作者态度或者语气推断文章出处、知识点梳理推理判断属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通 过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层含义 及隐含意义。高考对于推理判断的考查要求考生根据文章所提供的事实及自己的一些常识进 行合理的推断，判断作者的意图、人物的动机及性格特征和事件发生的前因后果等。解答该 类型题目时要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面含义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息
2、间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外音”。技巧点拨1 .推断隐含意义，题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语，根据题 干内容，在文中找到定位词或句，理解信息句的字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的 推断。2 .推断作者的观点和态度，要注意作者或文中人物的措辞及表达情感、态度或观点的 词语、句子，明确是问谁对什么事的态度，明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断。3 .推断写作意图，要通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。4 .推断文章出处或读者对象，需要根据文章体裁、题材、内容、措辞判断，这类问题 应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处
3、。题型一推断隐含意义【典例1例1（2022全国甲卷）America to lend a hand to her aunt Pam, and to look for some kind of purpose in life after her mother passed away.Losing your mother is never easy, but for a teenage girl, the loss at a time of emotional need and guidance is particularly affecting. Going off to live in wild
4、erness half a world away seemed a good thing to do. Pam accepted her with open arms and invited Canace to stay as long as she wanted. After all, she did need the help. So Pam taught Canace to feed the baby flying fbxes, keep them wrapped in nappies, nurse them back to health and take them back into
5、the wilderness to rejoin their families.Day after day, Pam led Canace through the rainforest, collecting babies and bringing them back to the shed where they were treated by an animal doctor, fed every two hours by bottle and even taught to fly. Each flying fbx released back into the wild was a vict
6、ory. And each time one winged away, the loss Canace felt seemed just a little bit less.We never really get over the loss of a love done, but when we take care of a weak creature, or reach out to somebody else who is hurting, the wound heals just a little bit, and the hurt becomes a memory of being l
7、oved.15. What do we know about Canace?A. She was expert at studying wildlife.B. She needed a new environment.C. Her major was related to tourism.D. She had rich experience in the wild.16. Which can best describe Pam and Canace?s job in the forest?A. Significant and rewarding.B. Colorful and amusing.
8、C. Boring and disappointing.D. Dangerous and challenging.9.Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are impossible. The magician is a specially trained actor. He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to do things which are against the laws of
9、nature.Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are done. The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology, and, sometimes, on mechanical devices （机械装置）.Since magic performance is meant to trick people, the use of p
10、sychology is important. The magician must keep people from noticing all the movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician*s success depends on the fact that many things seen by the eye are not
11、the things that matter.Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup
12、to another or to change colour. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and listening to
13、 the magicians words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball.Another favourite trick is to cut or bum something, and then make it appear whole again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the audience watches something
14、 else. Then he magically“ makes it appear whole again by displaying （展示）another object that has not been cut or burned.28. What is the authors main purpose in writing the text?A. To promote a magic show.B. To teach people to be magicians.C. To explain the art of magic.D. To praise the talents of mag
15、icians.10.Take a view, the Landscape （风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of todays most respected landscape photographers.Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British
16、 landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition fbr photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.Mike Shepherd（201 l）Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England It was an extremely cold winters evening and freezing fog hung in the air.I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the
17、mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, t
18、o achieve the black-and-white image （图像）.Timothy Smith（2014）MacclesfieldForest Cheshire，England I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed
19、the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.23. Where can the text be found?A. In a history book.B. In a novel.C. In an art magazine.D. In a biography.As Ginni Baz
20、linton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins（企鹅）longing to say hello.These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel.Thro
21、ughout her career（职业）as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to tr
22、avel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.”】 just decided I wanted to go
23、J she says. had no idea about what Id find there and I wasn!t nervous, I just wanted to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers shed never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica/Trom seeing the wildlife to
24、witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has J Ginni says.I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the o
25、peratic sounds it was making underwater.”The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.3O.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?A.It could be a home fbr her.B.It should be easily accessible.C.It should
26、 be well preserved.D.It needs to be fully introduced.【典例2】（2022全国甲卷）Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia.The city discovered its harbor.Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there一broad parks, superb beaches, and a
27、culturally diverse population.But it is the harbor that makes the city.Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats fbr a living.I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor.After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our sepa
28、rate wayshe fbr a lunch break, I to explore the city.Til miss these old boats J he said as we parted.“How do you mean?” I asked.“Oh, theyre replacing them with catamarans.Catamarans are faster, but the/re not so elegant, and theyre not fun to pilot.But thafs progress,! guess.”Everywhere in Sydney th
29、ese days, change and progress are the watchwords（ 口 号），and traditions are increasingly rare.Shirley Fitzgerald, the citys official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.Sydney is confused about itsel
30、f,“ she said/We cant seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.Ifs a conflict that we arent getting any better at resolving（解决）On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions.! considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman na
31、med Anthony/Many people say that we lack culture in this country/9 he told me.What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still.Weve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a d
32、rive and dynamism of a young country.Ifs a pretty hard combination to beat.He is right, but I can*t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.33.What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?A.He goes to work by boat.B.He looks forward to a new life.C.He pilots catamarans well.D.He is attached to the
33、 old ferries.题型二推断作者写作意图【典例1（2022全国乙卷）In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood-traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So
34、 for them to move to Elkhead, Colo, to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodru
35、ffs granddaughter.Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morn
36、ing. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickenden*s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls decision to go
37、 to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads,which entailed （牵 7步）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothys return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism （坚 忍）of t
38、he people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and
39、 varying hares, which turned white in the winter.” 26. Which part of Wickenden writing is hair-raising?A.The extreme climate of Auburn.B.The living conditions in Elkhead.C.The railroad building in the Rockies.D.The natural beauty of the West.【典例2】（2021 新高考卷 I） We prefer to describe emotional intelli
40、gence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does
41、 not necessarily make one a moral person.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater in paragraph 2?A. To explain a role.C. To present a fact.B. To clarify a concept.D. To make a prediction.题型三推断作者态度或观点【典例1（2021 新高考卷 I ） Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahe
42、ad of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popu
43、larization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.28. What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?31. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C. Doubtful.D.
44、Unclear.【典例2】（2020全国卷 I ） Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among rac
45、e walkers. But the sporfs strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn pro
46、per technique, she says. It takes some practice.31. Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking?A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tolerant.D. Conservative.题型四推断文章出处【典例1（2022新高考卷I）Grading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below
47、60, E.Essays （60%）Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%Group Assignments （30%）Students will work in groups to complete four assignments （作业）during the course. All the assignments will be submitted b
48、y the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.1. Where is this text probably taken from?A. A textbook.B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academicarticle.【典例2】（2021全国甲卷）Take a view, the Landscape Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie
49、 Waite, one of todays most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond