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1、2023年（八升九）新九年级暑假衔接自学课（人教版）第2讲 动词不定式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为to动词原形，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。本单元主要学习其作宾语、状语、宾补的用法。 动词不定式的形式及性质（1）动词不定式的基本形式：to do（to有时可省略）；（2）动词不定式变否定：not （to） do；（3）动词不定式无人称变化；（4）动词不定式仍保留动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 to speak at the mee
2、ting 在会议上发言 to read newspapers 看报纸 动词不定式的句法作用一、作宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin，want，remember，agree，learn，like，decide，fail，pretend，demand，refuse等。 You must learn to look after yourself. 你必须学着照顾自己。 They volunteer to clean up the house for the old lady. 他们自愿给老人打扫房子。 They would like to c
3、ome by bus. 他们想乘公共汽车来。Kate, remember _ to the sick to cheer them up. A. to singB. not to singC. singing二、作宾语补足语。 I tell him to arrive on Sunday. 我让他周日到达。 Li Lei asked his deskmate to help him with English. 李磊请同桌帮他学英语。 The teacher asked the students to read it again. 那个老师让学生们又把它读了一遍。动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所
4、做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell，ask，want，like，invite，encourage，help等。但在see，watch，hear，feel，notice等感官动词或let，make，have等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号to，可以归纳为以下三种句式：1. 不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：tell /ask / want / would like / wish / suppose / invite / encourage / teach / depend on等+ sb + to do sth The teacher told
5、 us to come earlier tomorrow. 老师告诉我们明天早点来。 Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 她的父母希望她成为一名教师。2. 省to的不定式作宾语补足语：（1）Let / make / have + sb +do sth Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩现在出去。 They made the children play the piano 6 hours a day last month. 上个月他们让这些孩子每天弹6个小时的钢琴。（2）see / watch / hear / notice / f
6、eel + sb +do sth I heard them argue this morning. 今天早上我听到他们吵架了。（强调整个过程）【注意】help带不带to均可以。 I often help my mother (to) do housework. 我经常帮助妈妈做家务。此类动词后用不带to的不定式作宾补，当变被动时，必须还原to。 William is often seen to play Chinese kung fu in the park. 人们常看到威廉在公园练中国功夫。4. 否定形式：（1）动词不定式的否定式是直接在to前加上not。 Tell them not to
7、play football in the street.（2）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not。 Let the boy not go. 不要让那个男孩走。1. Mr Smith told his son _ the football match because of the exam. A. not to watchB. to not watchC. not watchingD. doesnt watch【答案】A【解析】tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做某事。2. Though he often made his little sister _,
8、today he was made _ by his little sister.A. cry；to cryB. crying；cryingC. cry；cryD.to cry；cry三、作状语（1）作目的状语。 He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to或so as to +动词原形，so as to不可用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接乘客。（2）作结果状语。 He woke up only to find ev
9、erybody gone. 他醒来时才发现所有的人都走了。 His grandma lived to see the liberation of China. 他奶奶活到了中国解放。 He is old enough to go to school. 他年龄足够大了，可以去上学了。（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。 Im proud to have taken part in the competitions. 很荣幸参加了这些竞赛。 Im happy to have found many things I can do. 很高兴找到了很多我能做的事。Many fast f
10、ood restaurants paint(涂) their walls red, play loud music and have hard seats _ customers(顾客) eat quickly and leave.A. makeB. to makeC. madeD. making【答案】B【解析】句意：许多快餐店把它们的墙刷成红色，播放吵闹的音乐，并放置坚硬的座位，为的是使顾客快点吃完离开。不定式在句中作目的状语。 动词不定式可以和what，which，how，where，when等特殊疑问词连用。 The question is I dont know when to st
11、art. 问题是我不知道什么时候开始。 You do not know what to do and how to do it. 你不知道要去做什么或者怎么做。I really dont know what I can do to help her out.（改为简单句）I really dont know what _ _ to help her out.【答案】to do（二）动词短语短语动词是一种固定词组，由动词加介词或副词等构成，其作用相当于一个动词。 构成：常见的形式有：1. 动词副词，如：put up2. 动词介词，如：look at3. 动词副词介词，如：run out of4.
12、 动词名词介词，如：take care of 动词副词（1）常见的相当于及物动词的这类短语动词有：cheer up（振奋起来），clean up（打扫干净），set up（建立），put up（搭建，张贴），cut up（切碎），fix up（修理），work out（算出），give out（分发），give away（赠送），think over（仔细思考），turn over（把翻过来），hand in（上交）等。【注意】此类短语相当于及物动词时，后面必须跟宾语，若名词作宾语，可以放在副词前面或后面，但代词作宾语时，必须置于副词之前。If you meet some new words,
13、 you can _ in a dictionary.A. look it upB. look up itC. look them upD. look up them【答案】C【解析】look up短语中的up为副词，代词作宾语必须置于副词之前，故排除B、D；由some new words可排除A，故选C。 （2）常见的相当于不及物动词的这类短语动词有：get up（起床），start off（动身），come back（回来），get down（下来），hold on（等一下；别挂断），look out（当心，小心），get away（逃离）等。 动词介词这种结构的短语动词在句中作谓语时，后
14、面必须接宾语。常见的有：look for（寻找），stand for（代表），wait for（等待），pay for（付费），send for（派人去请），take after（像），hear from（收到的来信），hear of（听说），depend on（依靠）等。This food is free. You dont have to _ it. A. look forB. pay forC. ask forD. wait for【答案】B【解析】look for寻找；pay for付费；ask for请求；wait for等待。由语境可知食物免费，不必付钱。 动词副词介词这种短语动词
15、相当于及物动词，介词后面须跟宾语。常见的有：add up to（总共是），catch up with（赶上），look down upon（瞧不起），run out of（耗尽，用光）等。Dont worry! Im sure youll _ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them. A. catch up withB. get on well withC. agree withD. be strict with【答案】B 动词名词介词这种短语动词相当于及物动词，后面需接宾语，有时名词前可以加形容词修饰。常见的有：make fu
16、n of（取笑），make use of（利用），pay attention to（注意），take care of（照顾）等。【注意】这类短语动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。 He is taking care of his little brother. 他在照顾他弟弟。 We shouldnt make fun of others. 我们不应该嘲笑他人。Around the world more and more people are _ dangerous sports activities, because life in modern societies has
17、 become safe and boring. A. taking outB. taking offC. taking part inD. taking care of【答案】C一、单项选择1Well, I think its time _ goodbye. I hope to see you soon.Ato sayBsaysCsaying2Why not buy this beautiful suit?I am afraid not, because I am _ poor _ afford the expensive suit.Aso; thatBenough: toCtoo; to3
18、I am very proud _ my parents about my progress in piano.AtellBto tellCtelling4He will do what he can _ the children in the village.AhelpBhelpingCto help5_ your eyes, please dont spend too much time on your phone.AProtectBProtectingCTo protect6Why dont the doctors stop _ lunch?Because they are busy _
19、 patients.Ato have; savingBhaving; savingCto have; to save7Its very brave _ you _ the boy from the accident.Afor; savingBfor; to saveCof; to save8As the school sports meeting is coming, its important for us _ basketball more often.Apractise playingBto practise playingCto practise to playDpractise pl
20、aying9I have no idea _ her, as I forget the arrival time of her flight.Awhen to meetBwhere to meetCwhen can I meetDwhere can I meet10I always tell my students _ on the road because its really dangerous.Ato not playBnot to playCto play notDnot play11After two hours drive, the driver decided _ a rest.
21、Astop to haveBto stop to haveCstopping havingDstopped having12The workers want us _ together with them and they can teach us how to use the machine.AworkBworkingCto workDworked13My mother told me _ too much time on computer games.AspentBto not spendCdidnt spendDnot to spend14Mrs. Liu told us _ in cl
22、ass. We should be quiet.AtalkBnot talkCto talkDnot to talk15We learnt _ a presentation yesterday. Ill send you my notes.Ahow to giveBwhat to giveCwhich to giveDwho to give16The road is so busy that it takes me about one hour _ school.Agets toBget toCgetting toDto get to17Tom, stop watching TV now, i
23、ts time _ dinner.AhavingBto havingChaveDto have18Ive never expected _ the chance to meet my favorite writer, Zheng Yuanjie in Zhengzhou.Ato getBgotCgetDgetting19My father always encourages me _ things by myself.AdoBdoingCto doDdid20Spring is coming. The park is full of flowers and people always stop
24、 _ photos in such a beautiful park.AtakeBtakingCto takeDfrom taking21English is not easy. Lily often offers _ me.Ato helpingBto helpChelpDhelping22He promised _ with me in Europe during the summer holidays. However, he broke his promise.Ato travelBtravelingCto travelingDtravel23The old man is too ol
25、d _ a car. After all, he is over eighty. It is dangerous for him.Athat he drivesBthat he cant driveCto drivingDto drive24If you dont know _ next, you can ask the teacher _ help.Awhat to do it; forBhow to do; toCwhat to do; forDhow to do it; to25Shirley bought a new dress and she couldnt wait _ it to
26、 her sister.AshowBshowingCto showDto showing26Tom, can you tell me _?Try Sisyphe in Wan Xianghui Shopping Mall.Awhy to buy a dictionaryBwhere to get a dictionaryChow to choose a dictionaryDwhen to publish a dictionary27Its very kind _ you _ me with my English.Afor; to helpBto; helpingCof; to helpDwi
27、th; helping28We should learn some _ life skills. Yeah. Learning how _ our clothes is as important as studying.Abasic; washingBdifficult; washingCbasic; to washDdifficult; to wash29In order _ for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early in the morning.Anot to be lateBnot being lateCto be
28、 lateDbeing late30Our English teacher wants us _ English stories at home.AreadBreadingCto readDreads二、语法选择请通读下面短文，掌握其大意。根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。Helen is in Grade Eight. She always smiles to everyone and shes always glad to help others. But do you know she had a sad story
29、?Helens parents died in a fire when she 31 eight years old. After that, her aunt and uncle adopted (收养) her. They sent her to a new school. In that school, Helen knew 32 about her new classmates. She didnt talk 33 and she was shyer and quieter than most kids. That made it difficult for her to make f
30、riends, so she had 34 friends at school. Her aunt and uncle worried about her. However, after 35 friends with a funny girl Sandy, Helen became 36 than before. Sandy usually tells jokes to make Helen 37 and Helen often helps Sandy with her studies. Now Sandy and Helen are good friends Helen is really
31、 hard-working and she always gets A in her lessons. Sandy says, “Helen studies very 38 . She often helps me with my homework. Now Im getting better grades than before 39 her help. 40 she is different from me, I like her very much.”31AisBwasCare32AnothingBanythingCsomething33Atoo muchBmuch tooCtoo ma
32、ny34Aa fewBa littleCfew35AmadeBmakeCmaking36Amore outgoingBmuch outgoingCless outgoing37AlaughsBto laughClaugh38AhardlyBharderChard39AbecauseBbecause ofCwhen40AButBThoughCBecause三、阅读理解ANobody likes staying at home on vacationwhen the weather is fine. Last August we decided to spend the day in the co
33、untryside. The problem was that millions of (数百万) other people had the same idea. We moved out of the city slowly behind a long line of cars, but in the end we came to a quiet country road. After some time, we stopped at a farm near the town. We had carried enough food with us and we got it out of t
34、he car. Now everything was ready so we sat down near a path (路) at the foot of the hill. It was very quiet in the cool grass until (直到) we heard bells ringing at the top of the hill. What we saw made us pick up (捡起) our things and ran back to the car. There were about two hundred sheep (羊) coming to
35、wards us along the path.根据短文内容，选出最佳选项。41From the passage we know the writer likes _ on vacation.Astaying at homeBspending a holiday in the open airCwatching sheepDlikes playing with friends42They went there _.Aby busBby carCby trainDon foot43Which of the following is not true?AFew people wanted to s
36、pend the vacation in the countryside that day.BThey spent their vacation in the countryside.CThey had much food to eat.DThey had their food on the grass.44We can infer (推断) from the passage that _.Athe weather was very fine that dayBthe traffic (交通) wasnt very busyCthey found a quiet placeDthey pick
37、ed up their food and ran away45What happened when the sheep were coming towards them?AThey stayed there.BThey called for the farmers.CThey left the food thereDThey picked up their food and ran.BIn Singapore, schools are very strict. They have many rules. Students must follow the rules. If a student
38、breaks the school rules too many times, he may even get flagellation (鞭打) from the school. Students have to study for a long time at school. They study very hard. They have to do lots of homework every day. They hope to do a good job in the exams.They think good education is very important for their
39、 future. After school they can take part in different kinds of activities, such as sports, music and drawing, swimming and riding bikes. In their free time, many students like to listen to pop music and rock music. They also like American movies and movies made in China and Singapore.Some students s
40、urf the Internet, chat on QQ or WeChat (微信), or play computer games. Some will go shopping or go to bookstores to read books. So the middle school students in Singapore are not very easy. It is just like us. But their free time activities are very colorful. I think we can learn from them.46From the
41、passage, we know the school rules in Singapore are _.AinterestingBscaryCstrictDterrible47Students think good education is good for their _.AfutureBpastCfamilyDschool48Students in Singapore like _ music.ArockBclassicCcountryDlight49The underlined word “chat” means _ in English.AreadBtalkCcleanDwork50
42、The passage mainly tells us that _.Athe study of the students in SingaporeBthe students activities in SingaporeCgood grades are important in SingaporeDthe life of the students in Singapore四、补全对话根据对话内容，从下面选出恰当的句子补全对话，有一个选项是多余的。A: Hello! Jack. 51 B: I am reading a magazine about the Milky Way.A: 52 B:
43、 Yes, very much. I have been interested in space for a long time.A: 53 B: I want to be a scientist. Ill do research on space.A: 54 B: Yes, I do. Thats my dream.A: Dont you think that living in space is boring?B: I dont think so. 55 A: Hope your dream will come true.B: Thanks, Mary.AI think its excit
44、ing.BWhat are you up to?CYou must be interested in it.DDo you want to live in space?EWhat do you want to be when you grow up?FWhat do you want?五、语法填空。Many people are unlucky since they were born, they lead 56 hard life. However, in our daily life, we may meet many kind people. Some of them help children who cant afford school fees (学费). I also want to be such a kind person and try my best to help those in need.Last Monday, my h