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1、2023年（八升九）新九年级暑假衔接自学课（人教版）第8讲 宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, wh
2、ich和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是是否。I want to know if (whether) he lives
3、 there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.考向二: 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard.I always
4、feel nervous when I talk to strangers. I wonder _.There are so many clubs in our school and you can join them.Awhich doctor should I go for helpBwhere can I make more friendsChow I can become more confidentDwhether listening to tapes is useful【答案】C【详解】句意：我与陌生人讲话的时候总是感到很紧张。我想知道我怎样能变得更自信。我们学校有很多俱乐部，你可
5、以参加。考查宾语从句。“I wonder”后接的是宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述语序，排除选项A和B；根据答语“There are so many clubs in our school and you can join them.”可知宾语从句应是特殊疑问句，询问方法。故选B。考向三: 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that hell leave for New York
6、tomorrow. I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked what time it was.He told me that he wa
7、s preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the US soon.3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.He told me that the earth
8、 is round. Hi, Shirley! Could you tell me _? Sure. I usually go to work at 7:00 a.m.A why do you go to workBhow you go to workCwhen you go to workDwhere do you go to work【答案】C【详解】句意：嗨，雪莉! 你能告诉我你什么时候去上班吗？当然。我通常早上7点去上班。考查宾语从句。根据“Could you tell me .”可知，此处是含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除AD；再根据“I usually go to
9、 work at 7:00 a.m.”可知，此处是问时间。故选C。宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否(if，whether)替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。that引导的宾语从句that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。一、t
10、hat 引导的宾语从句的用法1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：She says that she will help me learn English this evening. 她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如：He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个
11、好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。作be + 形容词结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如：Im happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较： He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 He said
12、that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 【特别提醒】 当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如：The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。 3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况：引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略：She said (that) she would come to the mee
13、ting. 她说过要来开会的。I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。I expected (that) the
14、plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。Everybody knows (that) money doesnt grow on trees. 众所周知，金钱是不会从树上长出来的。I suggested (that) they should / shouldnt drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着 / 不要沿着海岸开车。【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况：that在
15、引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，t
16、hat不能省略。如：I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。6. 宾语从句的否定转移。在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定
17、形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如：我认为今晚他不能来。【误】I think he cant come this evening.【正】I dont think he can come this evening.他认为我们现在不在教室里。【误】He doesnt think we are in the classroom now.【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.【特别警示】含有否定转移现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如：I dont t
18、hink he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？He thinks I can come, doesnt he? 他认为我能来，是不是？7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如：We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he? 我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈，是吗？8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that .（据说）；It is k
19、nown that .（众所周知）；It is reported that .（据报告）等当作固定句式来运用。如：It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。疑问词引导的宾语从句特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即主语+谓语词序。带有系动词be（is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑问句。主句宾语从句Do you knowhow old Liz is? 你知道兹几岁吗?I knowhow old Liz i
20、s. 我知道莉兹几岁。I dont knowhow old Liz is. 我不知道莉兹几岁。宾语从句how old Liz is是主句动词know的宾语。how在从句中作副词。注意从句的顺序，主语在动词前（Liz is)。带有（情态）助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗？ Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗？ I dont know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。W
21、hat should I do? 我该怎么办？ Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我，我该怎么办吗？ Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我，我该怎么办。Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里？ Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗？ I dont know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了？ D
22、o you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗？ I dont remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。What does Sue think about Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么？ Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗？ I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。注意：（1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成
23、了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：How much does this coat cost? I want to know how much this coat costs. Where did you go yesterday? Please tell me where you went yesterday. （2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。 Whats wrong with you? 怎么了？ He asked the girl what was wrong with her.Whats the m
24、atter? 怎么了？ He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened to him? We want to know what has happened to him.if/whether引导的宾语从句当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为是否。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互
25、换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。 He asked me whe
26、ther (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。【拓展】一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。I dont know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。I dont know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. Let me know whether you can come or not.Idont
27、knowwhetherhewillwinornot.IwillwritetoyouwhetherornotIcancome/whetherIcancomeornot.2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。He dosent know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。 Whether to go or stay is still a question. Im not sure whether to stay or leave. I
28、didnt know whether to laugh or to cry.3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。Success depends on whether we make enough effort. I havent settled the question of whether Ill go back home. It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.I worry about wh
29、ether I hurt her feelings.4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。Whether this is true, I cant say. Whether he is single, I dont know.Whether this is true, I cant say. Whether he is single, I dont know.5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气） We
30、 discussed whether we should go there by plane.（虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. （虚拟语气） 6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。He asked me if I hadnt finished my work. 注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为dont doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。一、单项选择1Do you believe that humans could live on Mars?I dont believe
31、_.Aif it comes trueBwhy it will come trueCthat it will come true2Your dress is so nice. Could you tell me _?From the Internet.Ahow did you buy itBwhere you bought itChow you bought it3Excuse me! Can you tell me _?On the left of the City Library.Awhere the nearest post office isBwhy you got up so ear
32、ly this morningCwho Tom was talking to at 7 oclock last night4I know _ I promised to take you dinner, but I wont finish working until ten oclock.AwhatBifCthat5Do you know _? Maybe at midnight again.Awhen he stopped workBhow long he has workedCwhy he stays up so late6I have no idea _ her, as I forget
33、 the arrival time of her flight.Awhen to meetBwhere to meetCwhen can I meetDwhere can I meet7Could you tell me _ we are going mountain hiking tomorrow or not?AwhetherBifCwhenDwhere8Do you know if our team _ the match tonight?It is hard to say. I will tell you the result if our team _.Awins; winsBwil
34、l win; will winCwins; will winDwill win; wins9No one tells us _, so we need your help.Ahow should we doBwhat we should doChow we should doDwhat should we do10I remember the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.Awhen; whichBwhich; whenCwhat; thatDon which; when11I wonder _ pet fis
35、h. They are a pleasure to watch.Awhat do people keepBwhy people keepCwhere people keepDwhen do people keep12Im excited about the new smart phone. Do you know _?Next month.Ahow can I get oneBwhen will they come outChow I can get oneDwhen they will come out13Do you understand _?Ahow the water cycle wo
36、rkBhow does the water cycle workChow the water cycle worksDhow do the water cycle work14 How do you write a party invitation? I will tell the guests _Awhen should they comeBwhere is the partyCwhat kind of party is itDhow they should reply15What are you doing, Mike? Oh, I am calling to ask Tom _.Awhe
37、n can he help meBwhat is he doing nowCif he will come to my partyDhow is he going to be a programmer16Welcome back to school, Tim. I want to know _ online last term.Of course, Ms. Clark. I worked very hard.Awhat did you studyBhow did you studyCwhen you studiedDif you studied well17Next Sunday is my
38、mothers birthday. Im thinking about _. Good girl. Your mom will be pleased with you.Awhat gift I gave herBwhere my family will have a big mealChow I can give her a surpriseDif I planned a party for her18Alice, could you tell me _?Sure. Prepare some food and drinks.Awhen Mr. Smith will come the party
39、Bwhat we will do before the partyCwhere we will have the partyDwho will come to the party19How about going climbing if it _ this weekend. Good idea. But nobody knows if it _.Ais fine; rainsBwill be fine; rainsCis fine; will rainDwill be fine; will rain20I am not myself these days.Well, could you tel
40、l me _?Awhat will make you so unhappyBhow are you feeling nowCwho did you fight withDwhats the matter with you21Could you tell me _? Sorry. I dont know either.Awhen was the first stamp madeBhow is the post officeChow I can get to the post officeDwhere can I send a letter22Could you please tell me _
41、during springtime in Wuhan?They like enjoying cherry blossoms (樱花) at Wuhan University.Awhat people were doingBwhere did people goChow people get thereDwhat people usually do23Could you please tell me _?By searching the Internet.Awhen did you see the filmBwhat you get onlineChow you got the informat
42、ionDwhy did you search the net24Could you tell me _? Sorry, I dont know.Awhat happened to himBwhere is he fromCwhat are they talking aboutDwhat the matter is with him25_ did you say to our English teacher?I asked her _ or not I had passed the exam.AHow; ifBWhat; whetherCWhat; ifDHow; whether26Do you
43、 wonder _?Awhy did he steal my walletBhow he passed the examCwhat does it meanDwhere will she go27Do you know _? Im going to visit him.Sorry, I dont know.Awhere does Mr Li liveBwhere has Mr Li livedCwhere Mr Li livesDwhere Mr Li lived28Could you tell us _?Awhen will John start his planBwhen did John
44、 start his planCwhen John will start his planDwhen John had started his plan29Do you know _ or not he wants to go abroad?AifBhowCwhetherDwhen30Kathys parents wanted to know _ in the oral test.Awhy did she give a low markBwhy had she given a low markCwhy she was given a low markDwhy was a low mark gi
45、ven to her二、语法选择A clever man was on his long journey with a young man. In the evening, they found a small old house. A poor family lived in it. After the meal, the clever man asked how they made a living in 31 poor place. In a low 32 the husband replied, “We have a cow. We 33 her for five years. We sell her milk to our neighbors and keep some 34 our own needsmake some cheese and cream.”The next morning, the two visitors continued their journey. After they walked a few miles, the cl