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1、21 21 世纪世纪大学实用英语大学实用英语 综综 合合 教教 程程(第二册)二十一世纪大学实用英语第1页Unit 2 Mistaken Identity第2页Text A Mistaken Identity Starter Background Information Text Understanding Language Points Exercises Writing 第3页Starter:Mistaken Identity Have you ever been mistaken for someone else?Or do you know someone who has been m
2、istaken for another person?Please share your story with your classmates.第4页Background InformationMark Twain(1835-1910)Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens,one of the major authors of American fiction.Twain is also considered the greatest humorist in American literature.Twains vari
3、ed works include novels,travel narratives,short stories,sketches,and essays.His writings about the Mississippi River,such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,Life on the Mississippi,and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,have been especially popular among modern readers.第5页7-Eleven7-Eleven,Inc.is the worlds
4、 largest operator,franchiser and licensor of convenience stores with more than 24,000 units worldwide.Founded in Dallas,Texas in 1927 as an ice company,7-Eleven pioneered the convenience store concept during its early years when its ice docks began selling milk,bread and eggs as a convenience to cus
5、tomers.The name 7-Eleven originated in 1946 when the stores were open from 7 a.m.until 11 p.m.Today,offering customers 24hour convenience,seven days a week is the cornerstone of 7-Elevens business.第6页Understanding the Text In the text,Mark Twain tells how he was given nice treatment because he was m
6、istaken for someone else.第7页Reading Analysis Part 1(Para.1)Part 1(Para.1)Though thinking himself to be well known,Mark Twain failed to get the train tickets he needed.Mark Twain asked for two train tickets three times and was answered with a sharp“No!”each time.Even the mention of his name did not w
7、ork.Mark Twain felt ashamed as his company saw that his name was not so respected as he thought.TopicDetails第8页Reading Analysis Part 2(Para.2-5)Part 2(Para.2-5)Mark Twain was invited by the conductor to get onto the train.A young porter whispered something to the conductor while nodding towards Mark
8、 Twain.At once the conductor came to Mark Twain and invited him to the big family compartment on the train.TopicDetails第9页Reading Analysis Part 3(Para.6-8)Part 3(Para.6-8)Mark Twain received good service on the train.The porter took their suitcases and settled them comfortably in the luxurious compa
9、rtment.He smiled a lot and promised to get them anything they wanted.TopicDetails第10页Reading Analysis Part 4(Para.9-12)Part 4(Para.9-12)Mark Twain got to know why he was given such nice treatment.From what the porter said,Mark Twain knew that he had been invited onto the train as the mayor of New Yo
10、rk,not because he was Mark Twain,the famous writer.TopicDetails第11页Language PointsMark Twain/马克马克吐温吐温（18351910，美国作家，以语言幽默见美国作家，以语言幽默见 长，主要作品有长篇小说哈克贝里长，主要作品有长篇小说哈克贝里费恩历险费恩历险记等）记等）第12页identity/n/:n.who or what sb./sth.is 身份身份第13页adapt/:vt.make(sth.)suitable for a new use,situation,etc.;alter or modify
11、(a text)for television,etc.使适应，使适合；改编，改写使适应，使适合；改编，改写 railway/:n.track with rails for trains to run on 铁路；铁道铁路；铁道第14页I was to take the sleeper train there:I planned to take the sleeper train there.我计划在那儿搭乘卧车。我计划在那儿搭乘卧车。The structure“be to do sth.”is often used to talk about arrangements which have b
12、een planned.e.g.The Queen is to visit Japan next year.The sports meet is to take place on May 28女王计划明年访问日本。女王计划明年访问日本。运动会定于运动会定于5月月28日举行。日举行。第15页platform/:n.(at a railway station)flat surface built next to and at a higher level than the track,where passengers get on and off trains（火车（火车站）站台站）站台,月台月台
13、 e.g.I stepped from the platform into the train.我由站台登上列车。我由站台登上列车。The Beijing train will depart(or leave)from platform six.开往北京列车将从开往北京列车将从6号站台开出。号站台开出。第16页swarm/:vi.move in large numbers(in the specified direction)成群地（朝某方向）移动成群地（朝某方向）移动 e.g.Ants swarmed all over the rotten apple.烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁。烂苹果上爬满了蚂蚁
14、。The excited crowd swarmed around the winner.激动人群将胜利者团团围住。激动人群将胜利者团团围住。第17页in sb.s face:directly into,straight onto,sb.s face;in front of sb.without hiding anything 对着某人面；当着某对着某人面；当着某人面人面 e.g.“I dont want to see you，”Mary said to jack,and with these words she shut the door in his face.“我不想见你，我不想见你，”
15、玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关玛丽对杰克说，说完便砰地一声把他关在了门外。在了门外。I told the boys that they were wrong,but they laughed in my face.我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。我对男孩们说他们错了，但他们却当面嘲笑我。第18页dignity/:n.quality that earns or deserves respect;true worth 尊贵；尊严尊贵；尊严 e.gMy mother is a woman of great dignity.我母亲是位极有尊严女性。我母亲是位极有尊严女性。Whatever
16、 happens,we must not lose our human dignity.不论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人尊严。不论发生什么事情，我们都不能失去人尊严。第19页 at the same time:at once;together;however;but,nevertheless 同时；一起；然而；不过，不过同时；一起；然而；不过，不过 e.g.Besides his company,grandfather was running a farm at the same time,so he must have been a very busy man.除了他企业，爷爷还同时经营着
17、一家农场，所以他一定是个除了他企业，爷爷还同时经营着一家农场，所以他一定是个大忙人。大忙人。I understand that,but at the same time I think its a mistake.这我了解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。这我了解，但尽管如此我还是认为这是个错误。John did pass the test;at the same time,he didnt know the subject very well.约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。约翰考试是及格了，可是对这门学科掌握得并不好。第20页asked him if I couldnt=I
18、asked him if I could The negation is used to indicate that the speaker is more polite and feels less likely to get what he asks.否定使用方法表示说话者态度更客气，预计否定使用方法表示说话者态度更客气，预计自己要求不太可能得到满足。自己要求不太可能得到满足。第21页cut short:stop(sb.)doing or saying sth.;stop doing(sth.)usu.Suddenly 打断（某人）；中止打断（某人）；中止（某事）（某事）e.g.John
19、tried to say something,but Frank cut him short.约翰想说点什么，不过弗兰克打断了他。约翰想说点什么，不过弗兰克打断了他。I hate to cut you short,but we are really running out of time.我真不愿打断你，不过我们确实没有多少时间了。我真不愿打断你，不过我们确实没有多少时间了。第22页turn ones back on:refuse to help(sb.in trouble or need);turn away from(sb./sth.)rudely;refuse to have anyth
20、ing(more)to do with(sb./sth.)拒绝帮助；拒绝帮助；对对掉头不顾；不理会；拒绝掉头不顾；不理会；拒绝He will turn his back on me if I ask him for money,even if other people think we are good friends!尽管他人认为我们俩是好朋友，但假如我向他借钱尽管他人认为我们俩是好朋友，但假如我向他借钱,他必定会拒绝我。他必定会拒绝我。Tim has always been kind to me I cant just turn my back on him now that he nee
21、ds my help.吉姆一直对我很好，现在他需要我帮助，我不能对吉姆一直对我很好，现在他需要我帮助，我不能对他置之不理。他置之不理。第23页expect/:vt.think or believe that(sth.)will happen or that(sb./sth)will come 预料，预料，预计；期待，期望预计；期待，期望 I didnt expect you to be back so soon.我没料到你这么快就回来了。我没料到你这么快就回来了。Im expecting a phone call from America.我在等美国来电话。我在等美国来电话。We expect
22、 that fifty guests will come.我们预计会有我们预计会有50位客人来。位客人来。I didnt expect to see you here.我没有料到会在这儿见到你。我没有料到会在这儿见到你。第24页treat/:vt.act or behave in a certain way towards(sb.);deal with or discuss(a subject);give medical or surgical care to(sb.or a condition)对待对待（某人）；处理；讨论（问题）；医疗，医治（某人）；处理；讨论（问题）；医疗，医治(某人某人
23、或疾病或疾病)He just doesnt know how to treat someone like Mr.Johnson.他真不知道该怎样对待约翰逊先生这么人。他真不知道该怎样对待约翰逊先生这么人。Its impossible to treat this subject fully in such a short talk.在这么简短讲话里不可能全方面叙述这个问题。在这么简短讲话里不可能全方面叙述这个问题。The doctors hope to treat his illness successfully.医生们希望能治好他病。医生们希望能治好他病。第25页in a state not
24、to be described:not to be described 是修饰是修饰state定语。定语。describe/:vt.say what(sb./sth.)is like;depict(sth.)in words 描写，描述；形容描写，描述；形容 E.g.Can you think of any other words to describe Mary?你想得出任何别词来描述玛丽吗？你想得出任何别词来描述玛丽吗？Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene.景色之美难以用词语描绘。景色之美难以用词语描绘。第26页Even if they
25、 did know who you were:“Do”can be put in front of a verb to show emphasis.在动词前加在动词前加do表示强调。表示强调。e.g.She does talk a lot,doesnt she?她确实话很多，不是吗？她确实话很多，不是吗？I don t exercise much now,but I did play football quite a bit when I was younger.我现在不怎么锻炼了，不过我年轻时确实常踢足球。我现在不怎么锻炼了，不过我年轻时确实常踢足球。第27页 said very polit
26、ely that my name was Mark Twain and could I have but he cut me short again:said后面有两个宾语从句，后面有两个宾语从句，my name was Mark Twain 和和 could I have。从语法角度看，第二个从句应使用间接引语从语法角度看，第二个从句应使用间接引语if I could have。作者在这里使用直接引语作者在这里使用直接引语could I have目标是模仿当初说话情形，方便和下文目标是模仿当初说话情形，方便和下文“但但他又一次打断了我他又一次打断了我”更加好地衔接起来。破折号更加好地衔接起来
27、。破折号表示还未说出口表示还未说出口two tickets。第28页He must have heard your name well enough.:“must+have done”is a structure used for deductions about the past.must+have done 是一个用于推测过去情况结构。是一个用于推测过去情况结构。e.g.Dad must have thrown the old newspapers away.父亲一定是把旧报纸都扔掉了。父亲一定是把旧报纸都扔掉了。The windows are open.Someone must have
28、 been in the room.窗户都开着。必定有些人在房间里待过。窗户都开着。必定有些人在房间里待过。第29页 I cant believe him to have said such a thing:The perfect infinitive,such as“to have said,”usually indicates actions or events that took place in the past.像像to have said这么不定式完成时通常表示过去发生动这么不定式完成时通常表示过去发生动作或事件。本文中一样使用方法还有接下去一句作或事件。本文中一样使用方法还有接下
29、去一句Cant imagine you to have been spoken to like that及第及第10段中段中I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.和和I am glad to have come along with you.第30页dispose/:v.(+of+obj.)arrange;settle;deal with 安排；料理；处理安排；料理；处理 e.g.They disposed of the citys waste in the sea.他们把城市垃圾倒在海里处理掉。他们把城
30、市垃圾倒在海里处理掉。He does not know how to dispose of his time.他不知道怎样安排自己时间。他不知道怎样安排自己时间。第31页 at sb.s disposal:able to be used by sb.;available for sb.to use as he or she wishes 供某人使用；由某人支供某人使用；由某人支配配 e.g.Im at your disposal the whole morning.整个早晨我听候你吩咐。整个早晨我听候你吩咐。The car was left at her disposal.这辆车留给她用。这辆
31、车留给她用。翻译翻译翻译翻译第32页If I had been without you,I should never have got a ticket:这是虚拟语气，表示与事实完全相反假设情况。这是虚拟语气，表示与事实完全相反假设情况。e.g.I didnt say hello because I didnt see you.If I had seen you,of course I would have said hello.我没打招呼是因为我没看见你。假如我看见你话，我没打招呼是因为我没看见你。假如我看见你话，我必定会打招呼。我必定会打招呼。第33页Z VocabularyZ Struc
32、tureZ TranslationExercise第34页Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the forms where necessary.Vocabulary-Fill in1-1scene official politely companion describe shame vacant bother recognize notice 1.The boys say they wouldnt the girls if the girls dont them!2.Lisa is looking for a travel
33、ling to China.3.on me!I forgot my mothers birthday again.4.A number of foreign attended the forum（论坛）last week.5.His attention was so concentrated on the road ahead that he failed to he was running out of gas.6.I hadnt seen him for 20 years,but I him immediately.bother _companion_officials_recognize
34、d_ bother _Shame_notice _第35页Turn left to Mirror Street,and youll find a spot in the parking lot there.A quiet country can take you out of a stressful situation（情况）.Today we look at how to refuse an offer of food or drink.Could you please what we are supposed to do?7.8.9.10.vacant _ politely_describ
35、e _scene _第36页Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below.Change the forms where necessary.in sb.s face cut sb.shortturn ones back on a couple oflook around at the same time turn sth.inside out at sb.s disposal“Well,well,thats enough,”Grandpa him just as he was about to tell another story.Gu
36、ests will find a television room,a swimming pool and a library .Youve got to be firm,but you must be sympathetic.After that he walked out of the room and shut the door her .1.2.3.4.at the same time _at their disposal_cut shortin_face_第37页You cannot this problem and leave us with the responsibility.N
37、ot until yesterday did I know that the Whites live just doors up from me.We the house and upside down but didnt find Gwen.in your garden or school plants and flowers are growing everywhere.5.6.7.8.turn your back on _a couple of _turned_inside out _Look around _第38页Complete the following sentences by
38、 translating the Chinese in brackets into English.Model:You must have misunderstood him.He may not have heard my name.1.The children look so excited.They must have seen the tickets for tonights play.Jim seems to know everybody in the restaurant.He 2._ must have been here many times._(一定是看到今晚一定是看到今晚戏
39、票了票了)(必定来必定来过这儿好屡次了儿好屡次了)第39页The meat has been on the table for two days.It .Mary ,or she would have thanked me in her letter.4.3.may have gone bad(可能已可能已经坏了坏了)may not have received the present(可能可能还没收到礼品没收到礼品)_第40页Combine the two simple sentences into one by using the infinitive.Model:Just now I sa
40、id all those things to you on the platform.Now I am sorry.I am sorry to have said all those things to you on the platform.Nancy quit her part-time job before her final exams.And she was glad.Youve eaten all the fruit in the basket.Arent you ashamed?2.1.Nancy was glad to have quit her part-time job b
41、efore her final exams._Arent you ashamed to have eaten all the fruit in the basket?_第41页4.3.We received so much care during our visit here.We are really grateful.Henry trusted such a liar!Hes foolish.We are really grateful to have received so much care during our visit here._Henry was foolish to hav
42、e trusted such a liar._第42页Translate the following sentences into English.1.公众注意到自从那位地方官公众注意到自从那位地方官员离去之后，他离去之后，他职位已位已经空了几个月了。空了几个月了。The public noticed that since that local official left,his position had been vacant for a couple of months.看到女孩在站台上无助地四下看到女孩在站台上无助地四下张望，年望，年轻搬运工客气地搬运工客气地问她是否需要帮助。她是否需要
43、帮助。2.Seeing the girl looking around helplessly on the platform,the young porter asked politely if she needed any help.3.你同伴在你同伴在门口一露面我就口一露面我就认出来了。他跟你描述一模一出来了。他跟你描述一模一样。I recognized your companion the minute he appeared at the door.He looked just as you had described._第43页我我们省去了找旅省去了找旅馆麻麻烦，因，因为我好朋友邀我
44、好朋友邀请我我们住在她家，住在她家，还有一有一辆豪豪华汽汽车任任由我由我们使用。使用。We didnt bother to find a hotel,for my good friend invited us to stay in her house and put a luxurious car at our disposal.教授翻箱倒柜地找眼教授翻箱倒柜地找眼镜时候，他妻子却舒舒适服地坐在扶手椅上注候，他妻子却舒舒适服地坐在扶手椅上注视着整个着整个场面。面。5.While the professor was turning the suitcases inside out to find
45、 his glasses,his wife was sitting comfortably in an armchair watching the whole scene.6.我没有理会她，因我没有理会她，因为她期望我像她期望我像对女王那女王那样对待她。待她。I turned my back on her because she expected me to treat her like a queen._4.第44页Practical Writing Response to a Letter of InvitationHow to accept a letter of invitation:
46、How to accept a letter of invitation:Useful Expressions1.How to start your letter:Thanks for the invitation,and I am delighted to take part in the discussion on Web security.I gladly accept your invitation to speak at the upcoming Health Care Seminar.I appreciate your invitation to the product prese
47、ntation on December 15.2.How to end your letter:Thank you again for the invitation.See you on the 15th!Thanks again for the invitation,and I look forward to meeting you at the auto exhibition.第45页Thank the recipient for inviting you.Say that you are delighted to accept the invitation.Confirm the dat
48、e and other details about the meeting or visit.Ask for more information if you need to.Express your appreciation again at the end of the letter.Tips 第46页How to decline a letter of invitation:Useful Expressions1.How to start your letter:Thank you for your invitation to speak at _.I sincerely apprecia
49、te your inviting me to_.I appreciate your invitation to participate next month in_.I would like to express my appreciation for your asking me to speak at the _.2.How to tell the recipient that you cant accept his/her invitation:Unfortunately,I have been scheduled to _ on the same day.Although I thin
50、k the day would be most worthwhile,I have a previous commitment and thus cannot attend the conference at this time.Unfortunately,since I will be visiting _ during the meeting and cannot break away even for a day,regretfully I have to decline the invitation.Unfortunately,I shall be out of town on Dec