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1、第十四章语气初中知识回顾初中学习的是陈述语气和祈使语气。这两种语气，都是表示真实的描述、推测或者命令等。回顾一：陈述语气陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。1.There a basketball match in our school tomorrow.(B)A.will haveB.will beC.areD.is going to be回顾二：祈使语气祈使语气表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。2. your umbrella,or youll catch a cold on such a rainy day.(A)A.TakeB.To
2、takeC.TakingD.Takes高中知识衔接在高中，我们要学习虚拟语气。虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式。它用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的假设。知识一：if型虚拟语气if条件状语从句表示的虚拟语气，其句型结构如下： 从句 主句与过去事实相反 had donewould/could/might have done与现在事实相反did/werewould/could/might do与将来事实相反were to do/should do/didwould/could/might do经典例题I didnt see your sister at
3、the meeting.If she ， she would have met my brother.A.has comeB.did comeC.cameD.had come【分析】本题考查的是f条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是“我”在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此“如果她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了是一般过去时的虚拟，所以从句中用had+过去分词。 【解答】 答案为D。 【归纳】 一步解题的关键。 在if虚拟语气中，往往会有句子赔示或者提示假设的情况与事实相反，这是进 【引申】 John went to the hospital alone.If he me about it，I wo
4、uld have gone with him. A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told 【解答】 答案为D。 知识二：wish型虚拟语气 1.wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气， 其句型结构如下： 与过去事实相反 宾语从句的谓语动词用had done 与现在事实相反 宾语从句的谓语动词用did 与将来事实相反 宾语从句的谓语动词用would/could do 如： I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadnt said that.他希望他没讲那样的话。 同样地， 在as if/as tho
5、ugh引导的宾语从句中和以if only引导的带有感叹色彩的虚拟语气 句子中， 谓语动词与wish引导的宾语从句中的虚拟形式相同。 2.由if only引导的虚拟语气 与过去事实相反 谓语动词用had done 与现在事实相反 谓语动词用did 如： If only it would stop raining.雨要是停了就好了。 3.由as if/as though引导的虚拟语气 与过去事实相反 谓语动词用had done 与现在事实相反 谓语动词用did The machine operated as though it had been repaired.这台机器运行起来好像已被修理过似
6、的。 经典例题1.一Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they always late. A.werentB.hadnt beenC.wouldnt beD.wouldnt have been【分析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为：孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。我但愿他们不要老是迟到。wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always,从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。【解答】答案为A。【归纳】若与现在的事实相反，wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气要用一般过去时的相应形式。【引申】-I ha
7、ve gone through a hard time in the last few years.-Really?I wish you me about it earlier.After all,we are friends.A.toldB.had toldC.would toldD.tell【解答】答案为B。2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it .A.breaksB.has brokenC.were brokenD.had been broken【分析】本题考查的是as if引导的让步状语从句中的语气
8、问题，题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”，而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反。前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而主句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。【解答】答案为C。【归纳】as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气；如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。【引申】一Thank you for telling me of the time,or I late yesterday.-Dont mention it.A. should beB.would be C.will have been D.would have been【解答】答案为D。知识三：含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚
9、拟条件句是指没有出现用f引导的条件句，而条件句的意思是用其他方式表达的。如：without,but for,otherwise,or,but that,given,provided,supposing,were it not for等等。如：Were it not for your help,I would havent finished the work on time.要不是你的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。经典例题I through that bitter period without your generous help.A.couldnt have goneB.didnt goC.wo
10、uldnt goD.hadnt gone【分析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为：没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should/would/could might+have done表达，故选A。【解答】答案为A。【归纳】在此类句型中，虽然没有if来表示条件，但是却用without的相应形式表达了条件，此类虚拟语气句，同样较为隐蔽，需要仔细分析语境进行解答。【引申】Without his help,I the work in time.A.can not finishB.will not finishC.h
11、ad not finishedD.could not have finished【解答】答案为D。知识四：其他类型的虚拟语气1.表示命令、建议、请求、坚决做(order,demand,desire,require,request,suggest,advice,decide,insist)等动词后的宾语从句使用(should)+动词原形的虚拟语气。2.would rather sb.did sth.表示对现在或者将来的虚拟；would rather sb.had done表示对过去的虚拟。经典例题中George is going to talk about the geography of hi
12、s country,but Id rather he more on its culture.A.focusB.focusedC.would focusD.had focused【分析】would rather也是虚拟语气的标志。句意为：约翰将要谈论他的国家的地理，但是我宁愿他更多地关注一下文化。【解答】答案为B。【归纳】值得注意的是，would rather表示虚拟的情况与现在的情况相反，要用动词的过去式，切勿用成动词原形。【引申】-Dont you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York?-I agree,but the pr
13、oblem is_ he has refused to.A.will not be sent;thatB.not be sent;thatC.should not be sent;whatD.should not send;what【解答】答案为B。思考总结虚拟语气是高中阶段的重点也是难点语法，常常用来表示说话人的愿望、请求、建议、惊奇、设想等。其常考点为：1.判断表示建议、命令、请求后的从句所使用的虚拟语气；2.without,but for等隐含的虚拟语气；3.if引导的错综时间虚拟语气。随堂练习一.单句填空1.Should naps(小睡) actually (take) during
14、the day?【答案】be taken2.There are two drivers. One has a destination in mind which can (find) on a map.【答案】be found.单句改错4.Though I dont know what I can do for the animals yet, I can at least to follow my brother.【答案】删除to5.She also suggested that I can introduce my culture to my classmates.【答案】canshoul
15、d或删除can二1.(2019江苏,31)What a pity!You missed the sightseeing, or we(have)a good time together.【答案】would have had2.(2019天津,14)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they (accomplish) the task in half the time.【答案】would have accomplished3.(2018北京,12)In todays information age, the loss of data
16、cause serious problems for a company.【答案】can4.(2018天津,10)I cant find my purse. Ihave left it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.【答案】could/might5.(2018天津,15)If we(catch)the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.【答案】had caught6.(2018江苏,27)There is a good social
17、 life in the village, and I wish I(have) a second chance to become more involved.【答案】had7.(2017北京,21)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf.【答案】can8.(2017天津,2)My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.【答案】neednt9.(201
18、7天津,15)Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I (be) able to reach her yesterday.【答案】wouldnt have been10.(2017江苏,22) (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.【答案】Were11.(2016北京,31)I love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and S
19、undays.【答案】neednt12.(2016北京,34)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you (tell)me, I could have helped.【答案】had told13.(2016天津,5)It was really annoying; I get access to the data bank you had recommended. 【答案】couldnt14.(2016江苏,27)If it (be)for his invitation the other day, I should no
20、t be here now.【答案】had not been/hadnt been15.(2015江苏,28)It might have saved me some troubleI known the schedule.【答案】had16.(2015天津,13)I wish I (be)at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.【答案】had been17.(2015安徽,32)It is lucky we booked a room,or we (have)nowhere
21、 to stay now.【答案】would have18.(2015陕西,23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance)as well as her.【答案】danced19.(2015北京,29)Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I reallygo now.My daughter is home alone.【答案】must三1.(2020届云南昆明一中摸底一,67)The Economist can (split) into two parts: World Politics and Current Affairs.【答案】be split2.(2020届山西省实验中学月考一,44)It has great potential to improve population health and should (consider) for large-scale use in China, according to the study.【答案】be considered 8 / 8学科网（北京）股份有限公司