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1、第十四章语气初中知识回顾初中学习的是陈述语气和祈使语气。这两种语气，都是表示真实的描述、推测或者命令等。回顾一：陈述语气陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。1 .There a basketball match in our school tomorrow/B)A.will haveB.wiil beC.arcD.is going to be回顾二：祈使语气祈使语气表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。2 .your umbrella,or youll catch a cold on such a rainy day.(A)A.TakeB.To
2、takeC.TakingD.Takes高中知识衔接在高中，我们要学习虚拟语气。虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式。它用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不 可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的假设。类别用法例句if引导的 条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式(be用were)；主句动词：should/would/could/might + 动词原形If he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反从句动词：had +过去分词；主句动词：should/would/could/might +havc + 过去分词If I had been free, I wou
3、ld have visited you.与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should +动词原物were + 不定式;主句动词:should/would/could/might +动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.其他 状语 从句as if引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式They are talking as if they had been friends for years.even if/though引导的从句，与现在将来/事实相反： 从句动词用过去式，主句动词用should/would +动词Even
4、 if they were to fail, they wouldnt lose courage.原形。与过去事实相反:从句动词：had +过去分词；主句动词：should/would +have +过去分词宾语从句demand, suggest, order, insist 等表命令、建议、要求后的从句中动词（should） +动词原形He suggested that we not change our mind.wish后的从句中分别用过去式、过去完成式和 coukVwould+动词原形表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反I wish I could be a pop singer.主语从句在
5、 It is necessary/important/strange that., It is suggested/demanded/ordered/requested that.等 从句 中，谓语动词用(should) +动词原形It is strange that such a person should be our friends.表语 从句 和同 位语 从句作 idea, advice, order, demand, request 等表命令、建 议、要求的词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动 词用（should） +动词原形My advice is that you (should)
6、 finish your homework first.The idea that you (should) go is right.其他 句型中It is time that句型中动词用过去式或shou【d+动词原形Its high time that we left.would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望If only our dream had come true!1 .1 didnt see your sister at t
7、he meeting.If she, she would have met my brother.A.has comeB.did comeC.cameD.had comeD【解析】本题考查的是f条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是“我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此 “如果她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了是一般过去时的虚拟，所以从句中用had+过去分词。2 . John went to the hospital alone.If he me about it, I would have gone with him.A.should tellD【解析】同上。B.tellsC.toldD.had
8、told.一 Where are the children?The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they always late.A.werentB.hadnt beenC.wouldnt beD.wouldnt have beenA【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为：一孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。一我但愿他们不要 老是迟到。wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always,从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。4-1 have gone through a hard time in the last few years.-Reall
9、y?! wish you me about it earlier.After all,we are friends.A.toldB.had toldC.would toldD.tellB【解析】同上。5 .When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it.A.breaksB.has brokenC.wcrc brokenD.had been brokenC【解析】本题考查的是as if引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看 上去好像断了“，而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反。前半部分陈述是一般现
10、在时，因而主句是对一般现在 时的虚拟，用were broken o6 . Thank you fbr telling me of the time,or I late yesterday.-Dont mention it.A. should beB.would beC.will have beenD.would have beenD【解析】同上。1.1 through that bitter period without your generous help.A.couldnt have gone B.didnt goC.wouldnt goD.hadnt goneA【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法
11、。句意为：没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。that bitter period表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语+should/would/could mighl+have done表达，故选A。8 .Withoul his help,I the work in time.A.can not finishB.will not finishC.had not finishedD.could not have finishedD【解析】同上。9 .Gcorgc is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id
12、 rather he more on its culture.A.focusB.focusedC.would fbcusD.had focusedB【解析】would rather也是虚拟语气的标志。句意为：约翰将要谈论他的国家的地理，但是我宁愿他更多 地关注一下文化。10 .-Dont you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York?-I agree,but the problem is he has refused to.A.will not be sent;thatB.not be sent;thatC.should not
13、 be sent;whatD.should not send;whatB【解析】同上。思考总结虚拟语气是高中阶段的重点也是难点语法，常常用来表示说话人的愿望、请求、建议、惊奇、设想等。其常考点为：1.判断表示建议、命令、请求后的从句所使用的虚拟语气；2.without,butfor等隐含的虚拟语气;3.if引导的错综时间虚拟语气。随堂练习I .单句填空1 .Should naps(小睡)actually (take) during the day?【答案】be taken.There are two drivers. One has a destination in mind which ca
14、n (find) on a map.【答案】be foundII .单句改错4 .Though 1 dont know what I can do for the animals yet, I can at least to follow my brother.【答案】删除t。5 .She also suggested that I can introduce my culture to my classmates.【答案】canshould或删除can.(2019 江苏,31 )What a pity!You missed the sightseeing, or we(have)a good
15、 lime together.【答案】would have had.(2019 天津,14)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they (accomplish) the task in half the time.【答案】would have accomplished.(2018 北京,12)In todays information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a company.【答案】can.（2018 天）聿,1（）1 cant find my purs
16、e. I have left it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.【答案】could/might.（2018 天津,15）If we（catch）the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.【答案】had caught.（2018 江苏,27）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I（have） a second chance to become more inv
17、olved.【答案】had.（2017匕京,2 l）Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, easily reach （he books on the top shelf.【答案】can.（2017 天津,2）My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.【答案】neednt.（2017 天津,15）Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I （be） able to reach
18、 her yesterday.【答案】wouldnt have been.（2017 江苏,22） （be） it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 【答案】Were1 .（2016 北京,31）1 love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.【答案】neednt.（2016 北京,34）Why didnt you tell me about your trouble las
19、t week? If you （tell）me, I could have helped.【答案】had told.（2016 天津,5）1（ was really annoying; I get access to the data bank you had recommended.【答案】couldnt.（2016 fl：苏,27）If il （be）for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.【答案】had not been/hadnt been.（2015 江苏,28）It might have saved me
20、 some trouble I known the schedule.【答案】had.（2015 天津,13）1 wish I （bc）at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then.【答案】had been.（2015 安徽,32）h is lucky wc booked a room,or we （havc）nowhcrc to stay now.【答案】would have.（2015 陕西,23）Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I （d
21、ance）as well as her.【答案】danced.（2015 北京,29）Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really go now.My daughter is home alone.【答案】must.（2020 届云南昆明一中摸底一,67）The Economist can （split） into two parts: World Politics and Current Affairs.答案】be split.（2020 届山西省实验中学月考一,44）It has great potential to improve population health and should（consider） for large-scale use in China, according to the study.【答案】be considered