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1、名词性从句初中知识回顾初中阶段的从句学习中，我们掌握了名词性从句中的宾语从句用法。回顾：宾语从句1.宾语从句中的连接词连词：that(that常可省略)，whether,if等。代词：who,whose,what,which等。副词：when,where,how,why等。2.语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序。3.宾语从句的时态(1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。(2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用相应的过去时态，即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。(3)如果宾
2、语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。1.Our geography teacher told us that the earth the sun.(B)A.went aroundB.goes aroundC.is going around D.was going around2. (2021菏泽,29)Could you please show me?Sure. First of all youd better make sure youve got everything you need. A.how can I make
3、a Chinese lanternB.how I can make a Chinese lanternC.how could I make a Chinese lanternB【解析】考查宾语从句。设空处为动词show的宾语从句,注意其语序为陈述句语序。故答案选B。3.(2021滨州,34)Did you have a good time in Shanghai?Yes, come and look. My photos will show you .A.how did we go thereB.where we will goC.when did we meetD.what the trip
4、 was likeD【解析】句意:你在上海玩得愉快吗?是的,来看看吧。我的照片会向你展示这次旅行是怎样的。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应该用陈述句语序,先排除A、C,根据问句可知去了上海,不需展示去了哪里,排除B。故选D。4.(2021临沂,23)Excuse me, could you tell me ?Sure. You can take the No. 2 bus from here and get off in front of the cinema.A.when Sun Cinema closes todayB.how I can get to Sun CinemaC.how can
5、I get to Sun CinemaB【解析】句意:打扰了,你能告诉我怎么去太阳电影院吗?当然。你可以在这里乘坐2路公交车,到电影院前面下车。本题考查宾语从句。根据回答可知是在问路。宾语从句应该用陈述句语序,故选B。5.(2021江苏苏州,9)Amy, I wonder in the street when I come to pick you up.Well, theres a big tree by the front gate and its covered in lovely white flowers at the moment.A.how will I find your hou
6、seB.how I will find your houseC.when I will find your houseD.when will I find your houseB【解析】句意:埃米,我想知道当我开车去接你时,我怎么在街上找到你的房子。哦,在前门旁边有一棵大树,现在它开满了可爱的白色花朵。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序,所以排除A、D两项;根据回答可知,这是在描述房屋的特征,告知对方怎么找到房子,而不是回答时间,所以C项错误。故选B。6.(2021湖北武汉,40)What did Daniel say to you?He asked me .A.how did I ge
7、t to Hubei MuseumB.why I liked hot dry noodles so much C.how many bridges are there in WuhanD.what will I study in Wuhan UniversityB【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句需要用陈述句语序。故选B。高中知识衔接高中阶段，从句的学习更为复杂化，我们除了接触到定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句的特殊情况，还要学习主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等一系列的从句。知识一：主语从句的用法在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。1.主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由连词that或whethe
8、r、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词what引导。(1)that引导That he is still alive is a miracle.他还活着，真是奇迹。(2)whether引导Whether we will go to Beijing tomorrow remains unknown.我们明天是否要去北京还不知道。(3)连接代词引导Whichever you want is yours.你要哪个，哪个就是你的。(4)连接副词引导How this happened is not clear to anyone.这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。(5)关系代词what引导Whats done i
9、s done.事已成定局。注意：由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式，形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语均为单数第三人称形式或过去式。2.主语从句与形式主语it为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语计放在句首位置，将真正的主语搁置于句末。拓展连词that的省略问题引导主语从句的连词that有时可省略，有时不能省略，其原则是：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首，则that不能省略；若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that可以省略。如：That you didnt pass the exam was a pity、很遗憾你没通过考试。(that不可省)It was a
10、pity(that)you didnt pass the exam.很遗憾你没通过考试。t(hat可省)经典例题1. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A.WhetherB.WhatC.ThatD.How【分析】句意为：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。从句中缺宾语，只能用what来引导。C中的that引导主语从句时不作成分。【解答】答案为B。【归纳】that和what引导主语从句的区别是that不充当句子的成分，而what要充当主语或者宾语。【引申】 Barbara Jones offers t
11、o her fans is honesty and happiness.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.Whom【解答】答案为B。2.It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether【分析】句意为：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是“副作用”，还原主语从句中的主干：the medicine will
12、 bring about side effect。故选择what“什么样的”，起修饰作用。【解答】答案为B。【归纳】解答主语从句时，如果拿不准选项，可以通过套入法一个一个地来试，套入后，从句意思和句子结构以及逻辑上面都讲得通的，才是正确答案。【引申】It doesnt matter you pay by cash or credit card in this store.A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why【解答】答案为B。知识二：表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remai
13、n,seem,sound,appear等。1.表语从句的引导词引导表语从句的关联词如下：连词 that,whether,because,just as,as if,as though等连接代词who,whoever,whom,whose,what,whatever,which等连接副词where,how,when,why等关系代词what,whatever等(1)从属连词whether,as,as if/thoughThe question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题还是他们能否帮我们。注意：在表语从句中，表示“是否”只能用w
14、hether.不能用if。在名词性从句中，if只能用在宾语从句中。如：The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.问题是在如此短的时间内，我们能否做好准备。说明what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。如：The reason why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.我难过的原因是他不理解我。与because同义的since,as,for等也不用于引导表语从句。
15、(2)连接代词：what,which,who,whom,whose,whoever,whatever,whichever等。如：China is no longer what she used to be.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。连接副词：when,where,how,why等。如：The problem is where we can find her.问题是我们在哪儿能找到她呢。(3)从属连词thatThe fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。注意：山at在表语从句中只起连接作用，在从句中不担任成分，本身没有词义，但不能省
16、略。如：The reason is that he missed the early bus.原因是他错过了早班车。2.使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。常见的词有：order,idea,advice,suggestion,proposal,plan等。如：My suggestion is that we should finish it today.我的建议是我们今天就把它做完。3.连接代词和连接副词引导表语从句时的特点连接代词在表语从句中除了起连接作用外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、表语等成分。
17、连接副词除了起连接作用外，还可在从句中作状语。连接代词、连接副词在引导表语从句时，前面没有先行词，且保留疑问意义。这一点是与宾语从句需区别的一点。如：Fame and personal gain is what theyre after.他们追求的是名利。注意：所有的连接代词和连接副词在表语从句中都不能省略。4.表语从句的语序和时态表语从句的语序用陈述语序，且表语从句的时态不受主句的限制。如：The scissors are not what I need.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。5.reason在表语从句中的引导词reason后的表语从句用that引导，定语从句用why或that引导。如：T
18、he reason why they were late is that they missed the bus,他们迟到是因为错过了汽车。(why引导定语从句，that引导的是表语从句)6.That is why.句型“That is why.”是常用句型，意为“这就是的原因/因此”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结。如：That is why I came.这就是我来的原因。下面是两个与“That is why.”形式相似的结构，它们与“That is why.”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：(1)“That is why.”与“Tha
19、t is the reason why.”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“That is the reason why.”中why引导的是一个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why”结构一样，如：That is(the reason)why I cannot agree.这就是我不能同意的理由。(2)“That is because.”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，意为“这就是为什么/因为”。“That is because.”与“That is why.”之间的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由，“That is
20、why.”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，如：He did not see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。（第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因)经典例题-I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.-Thats I dont agree.You should have a more active life
21、.A.whereB.howC.whenD.what【分析】画横线处的句子的意思为：这就是我不同意的地方。agree是不及物动词，D项应排除。而B和C又明显不符合问句的意思，所以用where作表语从句。【解答】答案为A。【归纳】做题时，需要识别动词为不及物动词还是及物动词。【引申】1.I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,which is he never finishes anything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why【解答】答案为D。【引申】2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show la
22、st week.-Is that you had a few days off?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where【解答】答案为A。知识三：同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词（短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词（短语）加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于二个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。1.同位语从句的引导词引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等(1)由hat引导They were worried over the fa
23、ct that you were sick.他们为你生病发愁。注意：引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略。(2)由whether引导There is some doubt whether he has finished it.他是否已经完成还不一定。注意：whether可引导同位语从句，但f不能引导同位语从句。(3)由连接代词引导The question who will take his place is still not clear.谁将代替他还不清楚。(4)由连接副词引导Have you any idea why they are absent?你知道他们为什么缺席吗？经典例题I m
24、ade a promise to myself this year,my first year in high school,would be different.A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.how【分析】句意为：我向我自己保证今年，也就是我在中学的第一年，将会有所不同。因为画线后的句子并不缺少主要成分，因此B可以排除。A和D项与promise相冲突，应排除。因此应选C,that引导同位语从句，作promise的同位语。本题考查的是间隔式同位语从句的用法。【解答】答案为C。【归纳】promise一词后面经常跟同位语从句，遇到该词，可以首先考虑该用法，然后结合语境进行确认。【引
25、申】1.When the news came the war broke out,he decided,to serve in the army.A.sinceB.whichC.thatD.because【解答】答案为C。【引申】2.-Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.A.WhenB.thatC.whetherD.what【解答】答案为B。随堂练习一.单句填空1.The impact and ultimate result depend on you do with the diffi
26、culties that you have.【答案】what2.The ideal nap depends on you want from that nap.【答案】what3.In Martins world, we are not sure the good will win in the end or not. 【答案】whether4.It is possiblecaffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.【答案】that5.Its true TCM is one of the oldest healing systems
27、 on the planet. 【答案】that6.The rise in sales of translated fiction shows hungry so many British readers are for terrific writing from other countries.【答案】how7.Darwin wondered a great deal about he saw.【答案】what8.Its time to start by reading aloud to might like it.【答案】whoever9.Actually, children learn
28、violent behavior from adults or from they see on television or on the Internet.【答案】what10.Do you know a story gets into the newspaper?Here is an example.【答案】how11.Many people say they are impressed by how interesting the show is and they cant stop laughing when they watch it.【答案】that12.Some people t
29、old stories about old times, and others wrote down they remembered.【答案】what13.After seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applaudingI made it!【答案】what14.Statistics show over 200 billion yuan is spent every year on food that ends up in the garbage.【答案】that.单句改错15.Its a good thing which th
30、e ride lasted for only 15 minutes. No more air rides for me, I swear!【答案】whichthat16.While it was still necessary for my parents to support me economically and mentally at that time, I was old enough to think and decide by myself which I should do.【答案】whichwhat17.It reminds us that it was the strugg
31、les and sacrifices of our forefathers that saved China, so we teenagers must cherish the fruits of the victory, treasure that we own now and preserve national pride.【答案】第三个thatwhat18.After living at school, I found it helped me save time and learn what to get on with others.【答案】whathow二1.(2019江苏,25)
32、Scientists have obtained more evidenceplastic is finding its way into the human body.【答案】that2.(2018北京,11)Without his support, we wouldnt bewe are now.【答案】where3.(2018北京,15)This ismy father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.【答案】what4.(2018天津,9)The gold medal will be awar
33、ded towins the first place in the bicycle race.【答案】whoever5.(2017北京,23)Every year, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.【答案】whoever6.(2017天津,4)She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.【答案】whether/if7.(2017江苏,26)We choose this ho
34、tel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of it used to charge.【答案】what8.(2017北京,26)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing she was heading.【答案】where9.(2016北京,29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.【答案】that10.(2016天
35、津,11)The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. 【答案】that11.(2016江苏,21)It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.【答案】that12.(2015北京,33)I truly believe beauty comes from within.【答案】that13.(2015北京,35)we understand things
36、 has a lot to do with what we feel.【答案】How14.(2015江苏,25)Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some wont accept it.【答案】Where15.(2015重庆,8)We must find out Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.【答案】when16.(2015安徽,25)A ship in harbor is safe,but thats not ships are built
37、 for.【答案】what17.(2015湖南,26)You have to know youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.【答案】where18.(2015陕西,19)Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.【答案】what19.(2015四川,8)The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air
38、pollution.【答案】why三It was reported1there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning.No one saw2on earth happened then.A car ran into a truck but fortunately,nobody got injured.3is responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police are uncertain about4the driver is gu
39、ilty.5the police should do now is6they must find out what led to the accident.They said it was difficult for them to judge because7the accident happened was not clear.Perhaps the reason was8the driver was too tired to stop the car in time.The driver didnt admit the fact9he was driving too fast at the turning.The police doubted10what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation. 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.【答案】1.that2.what3.Who4.whether5.What6.that7.how8.that9.that10.if/whether 12 / 12