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1、第十五章名词性从句初中知识回顾初中阶段的从句学习中，我们掌握了名词性从句中的宾语从句用法。回顾：宾语从句.宾语从句中的连接词连词：lhal（ihal 常可省略）,whether,if等。代词：who,whose,what,which 等。副词： when,where,how,why 等。1 .语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序。2 .宾语从句的时态（1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如果主句的谓语动词是过去时.，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用相应的过去时态，即一般过去 时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形
2、式。（3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句 l.Mr.Lee asked Tom, “Where have you been?” （改为间接引语）Mr.Lcc asked Tom where he had been .2 .Thc teacher told us,“Light travels much faster than sound.”（改为间接引语）The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.3 .We havent decided if we will go
3、to Hainan Island for a holiday4改为同义句）We havenl decided whether lo go to Hainan Island for a holiday.1.1 （hink Daniels finished his homework.（改为否定句）I dont think Daniel has finished his homework.5 .He seems to have learnt about （he bad news.（改为同义句）It seems shal he has Icarni about the bad news.6 .Who
4、is the man?Could you tell me?（合并为一个句子并且不改变意思）Could you tell me who the man is ?Catherine and Mike arc students of Eton School. They all work hard and have different learning methods. Catherine listens to her teachers careful and tries to catch everything what the teachers say. She spends less time d
5、oing her homework. It is certain she can go to bed earlier and she always keeps energetic during the day. However, Mike had a different way of learning. He likes to stay up late at the night, because he often feels sleepy in class. Thus, he misses lots of key points and it usually takes him more tim
6、e to finish his homework, that makes it difficult for him to concentrate on that he is doing. I prefer Catherines learning method.【答案】Catherine and Mike are students of Eton School. They all work hard and have different learning both but methods. Catherine listens to her teachers careful and tries t
7、o catch evei-ything what the teachers say. She carefullythat spends less time doing her homework. It is certain A she can go to bed earlier and she always keeps energetic that ，during the day. However, Mike had a different way of learning. He likes to stay up late at has。thenight, because he often f
8、eels sleepy in class. Thus, he misses lots of key points and i( usually takes him more so。time to finish his homework, that makes it difficult fbr him to concentrate on that he is doing. 1 prefer whichwhat Catherines learning method.高中知识衔接高中阶段，从句的学习更为复杂化，我们除r接触到定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句的特殊情况，还要学 习主语从句、表语从句、同位语
9、从句等一系列的从句。知识一：主语从句的用法在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫作主语从句。1 .主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由连词that或whether,连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词what引导。(l)that 引导That he is still alive is a miracle.他还活着,真是奇迹。(2 Whether 引导Whether we will go to Beijing tomorrow remains unknown.我们明天是否要去北京还不知道。(3)连接代词引导Whichever you want is yours.你要哪个，哪个就是你的。(4)连接副词引导How th
10、is happened is not clear to anyone.这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。(5)关系代词what引导Whats done is done.事已成定局。注意：由于主语从句一般被认为是单数形式，形式主语的谓语动词、be动词+表语均为单数第三人称形式或 过去式。2 .主语从句与形式主语it为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语计放在句首位置，将真正的主语搁置于句末。拓展连词that的省略问题引导主语从句的连词that有时可省略，有时不能省略，其原则是：若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首， 则that不能省略：若that引导的主语从句位于句末，而在句首使用了形式主语引则tha
11、t可以省略。如： That you didnt pass the exam was a pity、很遗憾你没通过考试。(that 不可省)It was a pity(that)you didnt pass the exam.很遗憾你没通过考试。t(hat可省)经典例题1.some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A.WhetherB.WhatC.ThatD.How【分析】句意为：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。从句中缺宾语，只能用what来引导。C中的Ihat 引导主语从句时不作成分。【解答】答案为B,
12、【归纳】ihal和whal引导主语从句的区别是thai不充当句子的成分，而whai要充当主语或者宾语。【弓I 申】 Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.Whom【解答】答案为B。2.1 t is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients havetaken it.A.thatB.vvhatC.howD.whether【分析】句意为：尽管大约
13、有两千名病人服用过这种药物，但是，它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。side effect意思是“副作用，还原主语从句中的主干：Ihe medicine will bring about side effeclo故选择whal什么 样的”，起修饰作用。【解答】答案为B,【归纳】解答主语从句时，如果拿不准选项，可以通过套入法一个一个地来试，套入后，从句意思和句子 结构以及逻辑上面都讲得通的，才是正确答案。【弓I 甲】It doesnt matteryou pay by cash or credit card in this store.A. howB. whetherC.whatD.why【解答】
14、答案为B。知识二：表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句可以 接表语从句的系动词有beJook,remain,seem,sound,appear等。1 .表语从句的引导词引导表语从句的关联词如下：连词 that,whether,because,just as,as if,as though 等连接代词 who.whoever,whom,whose,what.vvhatever,which 等连接副词 where,how,when,why 等关系代词what,whatever等(1)从属连词 whether,as,as if/though
15、The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题还是他们能否帮我们。注意：在表语从句中，表示“是否”只能用whether.不能用if。在名词性从句中，if只能用在宾语从句中。如:The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.问题是在如此短的时间内，我们能否 做好准备。说明what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用 because o 如：The reason
16、why I was sad was that he didnt understand me.我难过的原因是他不理解我。与because同义的since,as,for等也不用于引导表语从句。(2)连接代词：whaLwhich,who,whom,whose,whoever,whatever,whichever 等。如：China is no longer what she used to be.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。连接副词：when,where,how,why 等。如：The problem is where we can find her.问题是我们在哪儿能找到她呢。(3)从属连词th
17、atThe fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。注意：山at在表语从句中只起连接作用，在从句中不担任成分，本身没有词义，但不能省略。如：The reason is that he missed the early bus.原因是他错过 了 早班车。2 .使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。 常 见的词有：order,idea,advice,suggestion,proposal,plan what.It reminds us that i
18、t was the struggles and sacrifices of our forefathers that saved China, so wc teenagers must cherish the fruits of the victory, treasure that wc own now and preserve national pride.【答案】第三个thatwhat18.After living at school, I found it helped me save time and learn what to get on with others.【答案】whath
19、ovIt was reported 1 there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning.No one saw 2 on earth happened then.A car ran into a truck but fortunately,nobody got injured. 3 is responsible for the accident is still under investigalion.The police are uncertain about 4 the driver is guilty. 5
20、the police should do now is 6_they must find out what led to the accident.They said it was difficult ibr (hem to judge because 7 (he accident happened was not cl ear. Perhaps the reason was 8 the driver was too tired to slop (he car in lime.The driver didnt admit the fact 9 he was driving too fast a
21、t the turning.Thc police doubted 10 what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.【答案】1( was a hot summer day I found me running down the street with a dollar in my sweaty hand. The _2 (close)I go( to Sam & Joes Stationery Store, the more excited I wa
22、s. After all, a dollar was a tidy sum for an 11 -year-old boy in 1961.Out of breath, I swung open the door and got a blast of cold air 3 instantly cooled me off. 1 was in a place of pure 4 (happy). 1 went directly to the bar and ordered a bottle of soda.Thcrc 1 sat, considering my next move.Books al
23、ways came first. I picked out five titles. Next came the candy, rows and rows of it.I chose five candy bars, 5 brought my total to 25 cents.I hurried 6 (direct)to my backyard, 7 an apple tree patiently waited for me. There, sitting in (he shade against its strong trunk, I read my books and ate my ca
24、ndy.As I sal in my own 8 (person)heaven,! started to think about having more. Thats 9 a fantastic life-changing idea popped into my head: 1() I could get more money, I could buy anything 1 wanted. Thats how it all started.【答案】l.that 2.closcr 3.that/which 4.happiness 5.which 6.dircctly 7.where 8.personal 9.when lO.If