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1、译林高中英语选择性必修四Unit 1 课后培优练(Reading)【Part A】 基础知识练习一、 英汉互译1. 道德观念的核心2. on the beat3. 拆除，拆毁4. 掌控5. 坚持我的原则6. 在约定的地点7. 不正当的利用.8. 发财9. 臂挽着臂10. 被逮捕11. 变成一个罪犯12. cut down【答案】1. at the core of moral values7. take unfair advantage of2. 在巡逻8. make ones fortune3. tear down9. arm in arm 4. take charge of.10. unde
2、r arrest5. stick to my principles11. turn into a criminal6. at the appointed place12. 砍倒；减少二、 根据提示填写正确形式的词汇1. He was wearing a (得体的)blackcloth suit.2. Im certain Davids told you his business troubles. (总之), its no secret that he owes money.3. The latter are intended to offer a set of (法则) providing
3、the best solutions to typical problems in contract law.4. Programs like this one get kids involved in (值得花时间的) activities.5. She could see that her hair had grown by perhaps half an i .6. Gleason denied any involvement in (犯法的) activity and was released.7. He has a strong square (下巴). 8. The man sta
4、nding by the window (擦，划)a match and lit the cigar.9. In a short statement, Akers gave a(n) (概述) of his plans for the company.10. He had (怀疑) her of lying for some time.11. May God b you and keep you safe from harm.12. Pumps go with pipes, furnaces(熔炉) go with air-conditioners, switches go with (电线)
5、.13. It was by pure chance that the other woman had been there, and Matthew was entirely (无辜的).14. He had (仅仅) a mile to go before finishing the race.15. Consumers have the l right to demand their money back if a product is faulty.16. Because the (钻石) is absorbing blue light, it appears yellow in or
6、dinary light.17. My parents have always been (热衷于) on travelling, whenever they get the chance.18. His tie was pulled loose and his (领子) hung open.19. His (任命) as general manager of the company was announced at the meeting.20. He was (逮捕) and charged with murder.【答案】1. decent2. Anyhow3. principles4.
7、 worthwhile5. inch6. criminal7. jaw8. struck 9. outline10. suspected11. bless 12. wires13. innocent14. barely15. legal16. diamond17. keen18. collar19. appointment20. arrested三、 单句语法填空1. To live a life of honesty and integrity is a (responsible) of every decent person. 2. He was involved in a legal c
8、ase. Now he (want) by the police.3. At the foot of the mountain (lie) a beautiful lake.4. All cases (concern) children are dealt with in a special childrens court.5. (odd)enough,themostexpensiveticketssoldfastest.6. The school is (legal) responsible for your childs safety.7. Furthermore, in-class ex
9、ams force students to learn how to perform pressure, and essential work skill.8. He is firmly (convince) of the possibility of life on other planets. 9. But the single most (rely) route to growth is probably to sell off everything but the core business.10. The murder was brought in, with his hands (
10、tie)behind his back。【答案】1. responsibility【解析】空前有冠词，应填名词形式。2. is wanted【解析】根据句意和介词by可知要用被动语态。由时间状语now可知，使用现在时态。3. lies【解析】考察倒装句的主谓一致。本句是表示地点的介词短语位于句首形成的全部倒装句，主语为后面的a beautiful lake。4. concerning【解析】concerning可作介词，表示“关于，涉及”。5. Oddly【解析】副词谓语句首修饰整个句子。6. legally【解析】修饰形容词用副词形式。7. under 【解析】under pressure意
11、为“处于压力之下，有压力”。8. convinced【解析】convinced可作形容词，be convinced of意为“信服，坚信.”。9. reliable【解析】修饰名词用形容词形式。10. tied【解析】with的复合结构，后面动词要用非谓语形式，his hands与tie之间是被动关系，所以填过去分词形式。四、 选择短语填空on the beat; slow down; tear down; hear from; keep in touch; turn up; take charge of; stick to1. Well our original plans, no matt
12、er what bad situations well confront.2. After her father died, she the company.3. The car as they passed Customs.4. Franklin did no until well after midnight.5. More police officers out may help to cut crime.6. The city will the building and create a park.7. It is important to with the latest resear
13、ch.8. Whentheydidnot her,theyfearedtheworst.【解析】1. stick to坚持2. took charge of负责，管理3. slowed down减速，慢下来4. turn up出现，露面5. on the beat在巡逻6. tear down拆毁，拆除7. keep in touch 了解8. hear from收到.的来信，得到.的消息五、 课文语法填空A policeman on the beat walked along the street as usual.When he saw a man 1. (stand)in the doo
14、rway of a store, who was waiting for his friend,Jimmy,he suddenly slowed down.It was an 2. (appoint)made two decades ago.The man struck a match, 3. showed a pale face.The man said he and his friend agreed that they would meet 4. (exact)twenty years later,no matter what their conditions might be or w
15、hat distance they might have to come from.The man was convinced that Jimmy would come for he was the truest and the 5. (reliable)fellow.About twenty minutes later,a tall man in a long overcoat, with collar 6. (turn)up to his ears,hurried towards him.They greeted each other.However,that tall man took
16、 charge of the situation and told him that he had been 7. arrest for ten minutes.He said Chicago police had wired 8. (they).The tall man gave him a note from Jimmy,from which he knew that Jimmy was just 9. policeman,and he was at the appointed place on time.After he 10. (know)the man was the crimina
17、l,Jimmy got a plain-clothes man to arrest him.【答案】1. standing【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处为”sce+宾语+宾补结构，aman为stand的逻辑主语，且空处表示正在进行的动作，故填standing。2. appointment【解析】考查名词。空处作表语且有an修饰，故填appointment。3. which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中充当主语，故填which。4. exactly【解析】考查副词。空处修饰动词meet,故用副词。5. most reliable【解析】考查形容词的最高级。空处与t
18、ruest并列，故用最高级形式。6. turned【解析】考查非谓语动词。该处为with复合结构，collar与tum是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填turned。7. under【解析】考查介词。under arrest为固定短语，意为被捕。8. them【解析】考查代词。空处作wire的宾语，故填them。9. the【解析】考查冠词。此处的policeman特指前文中的policeman,故填the。10. had known【解析】考查动词的时态。分析句子意思可知，空处所表示的动作发生在gt所表示的动作之前，故空处用过去完成时。六、 根据括号内的提示补全句子。1. 如今, 人们宁愿丢脸也不愿丢
19、掉智能电话，因为在很多场合，你都需要显示二维码。(rather than)Nowadays people smart telephones to show QR code in many occasions.2. 长达十年的个人信息泄露(breach)已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子(scammer)可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。(situation后接定语从句)A decade of data breaches of personal information your mothers name, and far more.3. 每天晚饭后那对老年夫妇都会沿着河边散步，要么臂挽着臂，要么手
20、牵着手。(arm in arm)The elderly couple after dinner every day.4. 同时，通过将视频保存在电脑中，学生可以随时复习所学的内容。(with复合结构)Meantime, , students can review 5. 无论我的心情有多糟糕，这些美食总是足以让我振奋。(no matter+疑问词从句) , the delicious food is always 6. 一群男孩和女孩围桌而坐，开心地说笑。(倒装句) a group of boys and girls, 7. 志愿者们将会竭尽全力给予帮助，以防你的孩子和你失去联系。(contac
21、t)Volunteers will lend a helping hand your child you. 8. 阅读这些作品是值得的，因为它们能帮助我们更好的了解社会和生活。 because they can help us learn more about society and life.9. 如果你要见他，应该提前和他预约。(appointment)If you want to meet him, you should 10. 说实话，我怀疑他刚才对我撒谎了。(suspect) 【答案】参考译文1. 如今, 人们宁愿丢脸也不愿丢掉智能电话，因为在很多场合，你都需要显示二维码。(rath
22、er than)Nowadays people would lose face rather than lose smart telephones as you are required to show QR code in many occasions.2. 长达十年的个人信息泄露(breach)已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子(scammer)可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。(situation后接定语从句)A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can
23、 easily learn your mothers name, and far more.3. 每天晚饭后那对老年夫妇都会沿着河边散步，要么臂挽着臂，要么手牵着手。(arm in arm)The elderly couple walk along the river either arm in arm or hand in hand after dinner every day.4. 同时，通过将视频保存在电脑中，学生可以随时复习所学的内容。(with复合结构)Meantime, with the videos saved in the computer, students can revi
24、ew what they have learned at any time.5. 无论我的心情有多糟糕，这些美食总是足以让我振奋。(no matter+疑问词从句)No matter how bad my mood is, the delicious food is always enough to lift my spirits. 6. 一群男孩和女孩围桌而坐，开心地说笑。(倒装句)Around a table sat a group of boys and girls, talking and laughing happily.7. 志愿者们将会竭尽全力给予帮助，以防你的孩子和你失去联系。
25、(contact)Volunteers will lend a helping hand to the best of their ability in case your child should/might lose contact with you. 8. 阅读这些作品是值得的，因为它们能帮助我们更好的了解社会和生活。It is worthwhile reading / to read these works because they can help us learn more about society and life.These works are worth reading b
26、ecause it can help us learn more about society and life.These works are worthy of being read because it can help us learn more about society and life.These works are worthy to be read because it can help us learn more about society and life.9. 如果你要见他，应该提前和他预约。(appointment)If you want to meet him, yo
27、u should make an appointment with him in advance.10. 说实话，我怀疑他刚才对我撒谎了。(suspect)To be honest, I suspect that he lied to me just now.To be honest, I suspect him of lying to me just now.【Part B】 技能提升练习一、 阅读理解（2022江苏南京高二期末）The Gurugram-based startup Rivigo was founded in 2014 by Deepak Garg. The central
28、objective of the now billion-dollar company was to create a model where no truck driver would drive for more than 5-6 hours at a stretch and would reach home the same day.Looking to build a company, Deepak realized that the rise of e-commerce had dramatically increased the demand for trucks, yet in
29、India the industry was struggling with a shortage of drivers. How could this be in a country of over a billion people with a high unemployment rate despite healthy wages for truck drivers?To solve this puzzle, Deepak visited small villages where many truck drivers could be found. During his one-on-o
30、ne conversations he discovered that since truck drivers are almost always on the road, they often develop bad habits such as heavy drinking. Partly because of this, few villagers wanted a son to become a truck driver or a daughter to marry one. What, then, was the solution? Could it be to bring the
31、drivers back to their homes every night? That could work - but how could he make it happen if a truckers trip took three or four days? A relay service, Deepak realized, could solve the problem. Effectively, he built truck stops four hours apart along a selected route. A driver could go from point A
32、to point B, drop his truck there and pick up another truck to drive from B back to AAnother driver in turn would pick up the truck from B and take it to point C, and so on. This not only brought drivers home each night, but created great value for logistics (物流) companies. A truck that was previousl
33、y used for only 10 to 12 hours a day, allowing drivers time to sleep and eat, could now operate for more than 20 hours, cutting total delivery times by almost half.To be sure, theres a lot of technology behind the scene. But the founder strongly believes being humane (人道的) above anything else is the
34、 biggest factor that distinguishes him from the common crowd.1. What was the main purpose of Rivigo?ATo increase the sale of trucks.BTo make truck driving more humane.CTo help truck drivers get out of bad habits.DTo establish a wider e-commerce network.2. What is the root cause of the shortage of tr
35、uck drivers?AThey earn a low wage.BThey easily become unemployed.CThey are often away from home.DThey have to overwork frequently.3. How can Deepaks model benefit logistics companies?AIt makes better use of trucks.BIt cuts the costs of hiring drivers.CIt improves logistics technology greatly.DIt sav
36、es them the trouble of building truck stops.4. What is the message mainly expressed in Deepaks story?AHaving a goal is vital to success.BExperience helps to promote excellence.CPositive thinking and action result in success.DOne cannot succeed without time and practice.【答案】BCAC【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章通过一种卡车运
37、输新型模式，引发对卡车司机这份职业和对卡车利用的问题。Deepak为了解决问题，积极思考并采取行动，最终成功解决卡车司机短缺的问题。1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The Gurugram-based startup Rivigo was founded in 2014 by Deepak Garg. The central objective of the now billion-dollar company was to create a model where no truck driver would drive for more than 5-6 hours at a stretch
38、and would reach home the same day.”（总部位于Gurugram 的新兴公司Rivigo由Deepak Garg于2014年创立。这家现在价值数十亿美元的公司的核心目标是创建一种模式，在这个模式中，没有卡车司机会连续行驶超过5-6个小时，并且会当天到家。）和最后一段中“But the founder strongly believes being humane (人道的) above anything else is the biggest factor that distinguishes him from the common crowd.”（但这位创始人坚
39、信，人道高于一切是他区别于普通人群的最大因素。）可知，Rivigo的主要目的是控制卡车驾驶时间，确保司机当天到家，使卡车驾驶更人性化。故选B项。2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“During his one-on-one conversations he discovered that since truck drivers are almost always on the road, they often develop bad habits such as heavy drinking.”（在他的一对一谈话中，他发现由于卡车司机几乎总是在路上，他们经常养成坏习惯，比如酗酒。）可知，卡车司机总是
40、在路上，总是在工作，经常离开家。这是卡车司机短缺的根本原因。故选C项。3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“A truck that was previously used for only 10 to 12 hours a day, allowing drivers time to sleep and eat, could now operate for more than 20 hours, cutting total delivery times by almost half.”（以前每天只使用10到12个小时的卡车，让司机有时间睡觉和吃饭，现在可以运行超过20个小时，将总交付时间缩短了近一半。
41、）可知，Deepak的模式延长了卡车使用的时间、缩短交付时间，使物流公司更好地利用卡车。故选A项。4. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“To solve this puzzle, Deepak visited small villages where many truck drivers could be found.”（为了解决这个难题，Deepak参观了可以找到许多卡车司机的小村庄。）”及第四段“A relay service, Deepak realized, could solve the problem.（Deepak意识到，中继服务可以解决这个问题。）可知，Deepak为了解决问题，积极思
42、考并采取行动，最终成功解决卡车司机短缺的问题。故选C项。二、 完形填空（2021云南梁河县第一中学月考）Last weekend I took a bus to New York City. As I took the window seat and wore headphones over ears, I almost didnt _1_ an elderly man sitting beside me. The elderly man asked me a _2_ question _3_ the buss WiFi connection, which turned into a two-
43、hour _4_.We talked a lot about my dreams, my fears and my life. I _5_ more with this stranger on the bus than I have with any friend or family member in months. Maybe it is because I am _6_ to let anyone I know close to me. I was _7_ that the stranger was not only deeply interested in getting to know me, but also just willing to _8_ me to my greatest abilities. Instead of politely _9_ his head when I _10_ my major, he told me that my strong liking seemed to be psychology, but not the one I was _11_ and that he fully understood my _12_ for the failure.This elderly man made me _13_ t