2024届高考英语复习:最全的英语修辞收集课件.pptx

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1、PunMeta-phorPerso-nificationSimileParal-lelismAllite-rationExag-gerationContrast明喻(Simile)夸张(Exaggeration)暗喻(Metaphor)拟人(Personification)排比(Anaphora)头韵(Alliteration)对比(Contrast)对仗(antithesis)对偶(Parallelism)矛盾修辞法(Oxymoron)双关(Pun)修辞手法明喻 similel明喻是比喻的一种,是把两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,暗示了主体与喻体之间的共同性。l比喻词有as,like,

2、what,as if,as though,similar to,be something of,such as,seem等等。主体(subject)比喻词(simile marker)喻体(reference)1.Death may be as heavy as Mount Tai or as light as a feather.2.He sleeps like a rock/log.Nothing or nobody can wake him up.3.(as)cunning(狡猾)as a fox4.He walks as if/though he had drunk three ton

3、s of wine.5.a man of a woman6.The kids are often compared to fresh flowers of our country.7.A mentor is to me what/as the beacon(灯塔)is to the ships at sea.A is to B what/as C is to Dmetaphor暗喻也叫隐喻,是一种间接、隐晦的比喻手法,通过暗示或间接的方式来传达比喻的意思。暗喻不用like,as等明喻标志词,常用喻词be等连接。暗喻的典型形式为:甲是乙。暗喻多利用词语的多义性、隐喻或象征等特点,使得比喻的意义不

4、是显而易见的,需要读者或听众去推测和理解。1.Hes a wolf in sheeps clothing.他是一只披着羊皮的狼。2.She has a heart of gold.她有一颗金子般的心。3.His smile is a ray of light in a dark room.他的微笑是黑暗房间里的一束光明。4.I felt a lump in my throat,tearing welling up in my eyes.我如鲠在喉,泪水湿润了眼眶。拟人(拟人(personification)拟人是赋予非人类事物或抽象概念以人类的特征和行为。在拟人中,非人类事物被赋予思考、感觉、

5、行动等人类特质,使其更具有生动感和情感。通过拟人,我们可以让读者更好地理解和共情,同时也增加作品的艺术性和表现力。1.The wind whispered secrets through the trees.2.The sun smiled down on us from the sky.3.The leaves danced in the breeze.4.The darkness crept in,enveloping us in its embrace.排比(排比(Anaphora)排比指的是在一段文本中,将几个相同或类似的词语、短语或句子排列在一起,以达到强调、对比、节奏等效果的一种修

6、辞手法。排比常常采用“X和Y和Z”的结构,或者“不是这个,不是那个,而是”的结构,将相似或不同的事物进行对比,使读者更加清晰地了解它们之间的联系和差异。排比让语言节奏明显,易于朗诵和记忆,使文本具有更加生动的表现力。1.It was the best of times,it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness.这是个最美好的时代,这是个最糟糕的时代,这是个智慧的时代,这是个愚蠢的时代。2.The old man sat on the porch,reminiscing abo

7、ut his youth,reflecting on the choices he had made,and pondering over the meaning of life.老人坐在门廊处,回忆着他的青春岁月,反思着自己所做的选择,思考着生活的意义。考着生活的意义。3.Love is patient,love is kind,love never fails.爱是耐心的,爱是仁慈的,爱是永不失败的。4.Life is not about waiting for the storm to pass,its about dancing in the rain,laughing in the

8、wind,and smiling in the sun.生活不是等待暴风雨过去,而是在雨中跳舞,在风中大笑,在阳光下微笑。1.“We will fight on the beaches,we will fight on the landing grounds,we will fight in the fields and in the streets,we will fight in the hills;we will never surrender.”(我们将战斗在海滩上,我们将战斗在登陆点,我们将战斗在田野和街道上,我们将战斗在山丘上;我们永不投降。)温斯顿丘吉尔 夸张(夸张(exagge

9、ration)夸张指的是对某个事物或情况的描述过于强烈,着意扩大或缩小,超出了实际情况。在口语和文学作品中,夸张常用于强调某种情感或效果,以吸引听众或读者的注意力。1.The party was so crowded you couldnt move an inch!聚会人山人海,你连一英寸都动不了!聚会人山人海,你连一英寸都动不了!2.Ive told you a million times!我已经告诉你一百万次了!我已经告诉你一百万次了!3.Im so hungry that I could eat a horse!我饿得可以吃一匹马!我饿得可以吃一匹马!4.Its hotter than

10、 the surface of the sun outside!外面比太阳表面还要热!外面比太阳表面还要热!对比(对比(contrast)对比是指通过对两个事物或概念的相似或不同之处进行比较,从而强调它们之间的相似性或区别的修辞手法。通过对比,可以使形象更鲜明、感受更强烈,更容易阅读和理解,让读者在辩证思考时更深刻地理解问题。1.The storm raged outside,unleashing its fury with thunder and lightning,while inside the house,there was a calm and peaceful atmosphere

11、.外面风暴肆虐,雷电交加,而房子里却是平静安详的氛围。2.The city is bustling with noise,while the countryside is peaceful and quiet.城市喧嚣嘈杂,而乡村则宁静祥和。3.Childhood is carefree and innocent,while adulthood is complex and challenging.童年无忧无虑天真无邪,成年则复杂而具有挑战性。4.His words were as sharp as knives,cutting through the silence of the room,

12、while her words were as soft as feathers,gently soothing the tension in the air.他的话如刀锋般锋利,切开了房间的寂静,而她的话如羽毛般柔软,温柔地缓解了空气中的紧张氛围。对仗(Antithesis)对仗是指在一段语言表达中,将相反的两个事物、概念或语言表达成双重的语言形式,以达到修辞效果或强化表达的方法。通常,对仗的两个部分在语法、结构和意义上是相反的。对仗能够使表达更加生动、形象、易懂,并增强语言的说服力。1.To be or not to be,that is the question.”(生存还是毁灭,这是一

13、个值得考虑的问题。)莎士比亚哈姆雷特2.“Ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.”(不要问国家能为你们做些什么,而要问你们能为国家做些什么。)肯尼迪总统就职演说 对偶(Parallelism):对偶是指在表达中重复相似的语法结构或词汇模式,以增强语言的节奏感和对称美。对偶可以用来强调一系列想法或行动的平等重要性。1.“The larger the island of knowledge,the longer the shore of wonder.”知识的岛屿越大,好奇的岸边就

14、越长。2.The thunder roared,the wind howled and the trees swayed.雷声轰鸣、狂风怒吼、树木摇动。1.“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”(我们唯一需要害怕的就是恐惧本身。)富兰克林D罗斯福总统就职演说2.“If you want to go fast,go alone;if you want to go far,go together.”(如果你想走得快,一个人走;如果你想走得远,一起走。)非洲谚语3.All that glitters is not gold,but every

15、 cloud has a silver lining.闪光的不一定都是金子,但每一朵云都有其美好的一面。4.A penny saved is a penny earned,but you have to spend money to make money.省一分钱就是赚一分钱,但赚钱就得花钱。省一分钱就是赚一分钱,但赚钱就得花钱。Love is blind,but friendship closes its eyes.爱情是盲目的,但友谊却会闭上眼睛。爱情是盲目的,但友谊却会闭上眼睛。contrast/Oxymoron(矛盾修辞)矛盾修辞)1.Love is blind.矛盾修辞(Oxymor

16、on):矛盾修辞是指在一个短语或句子中,将两个意义上相互矛盾或对立的词紧密地放在一起,形成一种特殊的修辞效果。矛盾修辞通常用来表达复杂情感或概念,揭示事物的多面性或内在的矛盾。例子:“jumbo shrimp”(巨型小虾)“bittersweet”(苦乐参半)“wise fool”(聪明的傻瓜)双关(Pun)是一种修辞手法,它利用词语的多重含义或者发音相似但意义不同的词语来创造幽默或强调的效果。双关通常在口语、广告、文学作品和幽默表演中被使用,它通过巧妙地使用语言,让听者或读者在思考后领悟到言外之意。1.“Why dont scientists trust atoms?”“Because th

17、ey make up everything!”在这个例子中,“make up”一词有两层含义,一是原子的组合构成了所有物质,二是“编造”的意思,这里暗示原子是不可靠的,因为它们“编造”了一切。2.“I used to be a baker,but I couldnt make enough dough.”这里的dough既指面团,也指钱(口语中常用dough来表示钱),这句话的意思是,我以前是个面包师,但我挣的钱不够多。3.“Time flies like an arrow;fruit flies like a banana.”这个例子中,flies既可以是动词“飞”,也可以是名词“果蝇”。这

18、句话的意思是,时间像箭一样飞逝,而果蝇喜欢香蕉。除了运用上述修辞手法之外,在续写时还可以使用一些诸如除了运用上述修辞手法之外,在续写时还可以使用一些诸如音音韵美韵美的修辞方法,如押韵、谐音等,让语言在节奏和韵律上更加的修辞方法,如押韵、谐音等,让语言在节奏和韵律上更加优美。优美。如:如:1.Twinkle,twinkle,little star,how I wonder what you are!一闪,一闪,小星星,我多么想知道你是什么一闪,一闪,小星星,我多么想知道你是什么!2.She looked up at the sky and said“oh my!”when she saw the

19、 butterfly.当她看到蝴蝶时,她抬头看着天空说:当她看到蝴蝶时,她抬头看着天空说:“哦,天哪哦,天哪!”3.I like to hike and bike on a sunny day.我喜欢在晴天远足和骑自行车。我喜欢在晴天远足和骑自行车。4.Dont be late or well miss the big debate.别迟到,否则我们会错过大辩论。别迟到,否则我们会错过大辩论。拟声Onomatcpocia 是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音,其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力。1.On the roof of the school house some pig

20、eons were softly cooing.在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。2.She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or feltsunlight,the rustling of silk,the noises of insects,the creaking of a door,the voice of a loved one.她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西,如阳光呀她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西,如阳光呀丝绸摆动时的沙

21、沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的吱嘎声呀亲人的说丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的吱嘎声呀亲人的说话声呀话声呀 3.The begger rattled the coins in his tin.积累:狗bark;猪grunt;猫mew(meow);马 neigh or whinny;母牛moo/low;羊bleat;公鸡crow;母鸡cackle/cluck;鸭quack;鹅 honk;狮roar;狼howl;老鼠 squeak;青蛙 croak;鸟鸣 twitter;猫头鹰hoot;喜鹊chatter;乌鸦 caw;小鸟/虫chirp;蜜蜂buzz 头韵(Alliteration)e.

22、g.She has a pair of big bright eyes,blinking as if they can speak.成对词中经常运用头韵:wax and wane盈缺;twist and turn曲折;fair and foul 好坏;with might and main 竭尽全力;forgive and forget 既往不咎;first and foremost首先;safe and sound 安然无恙;saints and sinners圣人与罪人;fame and fortune名利;black and blue遍体鳞伤;bread and butter生计;bed

23、 and board食宿谚语:Penny wise but pound foolish.小事聪明;大事糊涂。Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。All rivers run to the sea.百川归海。二.转喻&提喻1)转喻转喻Metonymy:用某一事物的名称代替另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。这两种事物之间有着密切相关的联系。(A metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name

24、 of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.)e.g.It suddenly occurred to me that I was actually being rescued from the hell by a beautiful angel-my angel blessed from God!2)提喻Synecdoche:用局部代替全体或全体代替局部,用属代替种或种代替属,用具体代替抽象或抽象代替用局部代替全体或全体代替局部,用属代替种或种代替属,用具体代替抽象或抽象代替具体的修辞手法叫做提喻。

25、具体的修辞手法叫做提喻。(A synecdoche is a figure of speech that involves the substitution of the part for the whole or the whole for the part,and the substitution of the species for the genus or the genus for the species,and also the substitution of the concrete for the abstract or the abstract for the concrete.)e.g.The pen is mightier than the sword.文章胜武力。Only the knife can save him.只有手术刀能挽救他。Thank you!THANK YOU

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