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1、2024师大附中高二下期中考试英 语时量：120分钟 满分：150分第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)略第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWomen scientists around the world have made significant contributions to Stem (science, technology, engineering, and maths). Here are four who pushed boundaries and chan
2、ged the world.Wu Chienshiung (19121997)Born in Taicang, Jiangsu province, Wu took part in the Manhattan Project which helped create the worlds first nuclear weapon. Her famous Wu experiment overturned the theory of parity in physics. This breakthrough led to a Nobel Prize that was awarded to her mal
3、e colleagues, but Wus critical role in the work was overlooked.Hedy Lamarr (19142000)Austria-born Lamarr starred in a lot of Hollywood films and made great success. She was also super smart and a self-taught inventor. During the second world war, Lamarr together with George Antheil, a composer, deve
4、loped a radio guidance system. The principle of their work is part of the basis of Bluetooth and wireless technology.Katherine Johns (19182020)African American NASA mathematician Johnsons calculations were critical in getting the first US astronauts to space and back safely. During her 33-year caree
5、r at NASA, Katherine earned a reputation for mastering complex calculations and was referred to as a “human computer”.Tu Youyou (1930)Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, Tu shared the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two other foreign scientists, for her work in discovering artemisinin
6、, a drug used to treat malaria. Her work has saved millions of lives all over the world. Tu is the first Chinese Nobel winner in physiology or medicine and the first female citizen of the PRC to win a Nobel Prize.1. Besides being an inventor, Hedy Lamarr is also a(n) _.A. composerB. producerC. actre
7、ssD. mathematician2. What is Tu Youyous greatest contribution to the world?A. She treated people for cancer.B. She is the first Chinese Nobel winner.C. Her discovery helped save millions.D. Her research project is one of a kind.3. What do the four female scientists have in common according to the te
8、xt?A. They shared the same interest.B. They each constructed a theory.C. They were all awarded the Nobel Prize.D. They all made a difference to the world.BIt was near New Year 2014, and David Fajgenbaum, who was battling Castleman disease, was rushed to a CT scan in an Arkansas hospital. Tears strea
9、med down his face. He thought about the first patient whod died under his care and how her brain had bled in a similar way from a stroke(中风).But he survived. Also, this experience led David to complete “the undertaking” surprising his doctors. “You learn a lot by almost dying,” they said.It was in 2
10、010 that David got very sick and was hospitalized for five months. He was learning to become a doctor at the University of Pennsylvania in memory of his mother who died of cancer. The examination showed it was idiopathic multi-centric Castleman disease (MCD). First described in 1954, Castleman prese
11、nts partly like an autoimmune(自身免疫的) condition and partly like cancer. It doesnt happen very often therere only around 7,000 new cases each year in the United States, so a very limited number of experts are on it.In his hospital bed, David felt weak. His organs were failing, and he noticed curious r
12、ed spots on his skin. He asked doctors what the “blood moles” meant. But they, focused on saving his life, werent interested in them. Castleman disease struck David four more times over the next three years. Despite it all, he managed to graduate and later founded the Castleman Disease Collaborative
13、 Network (CDCN) devoted to fighting Castleman disease.In late 2013, Castleman struck again, landing David in that Arkansas hospital. It marked his closest brush with death yet. After this time, David set out to try to save his own life. Examining his medical charts, he zeroed in on an idea that rese
14、archers hadnt explored. With considerable effort, he found a drug called Sirolimus might be beneficial to his discase. After consulting with his doctors, he picked up the drug. So far, its working. David is in recovery and devoting his medical career to saving other patients like him. “I hope my sto
15、ry offers lessons far beyond medicine about what people can do when theyre up against a brick wall,” says David.4. How did David feel when having the CT scan?A Grateful.B. Awkward.C. Hopeless.D. Unsure.5. What does “the undertaking” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. David founded the CDCN.B. David recovere
16、d from Castleman.C. David survived the CT scan.D. David found a way to treat his disease.6. What do we know about Castleman disease?A. It is a rare disease.B. It killed Davids mother.C. It is a kind of cancer.D. It interested many experts.7 Which of the following can best describe David?A. Selfless
17、and optimistic.B. Determined and observant.C. Ambitious and confident.D. Warm-hearted and hardworking.CNo one can say whether human-like robots will have a sweet dream, but they will almost certainly need periods of rest that offer benefits like what sleep provides to living brains, according to new
18、 research from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).“We study spiking neural networks (尖峰神经网络), which are systems that learn much as living brains do,” said Yijing Watkins, a computer scientist from LANL. “We trained a neuromorphic (神经形态的) processor in a way how humans and other biological systems
19、learn from their environment during childhood development.” Watkins and her research team found that the network simulations (模拟) became unstable after continuous periods of unattended learning. When they exposed the networks to states that are analogous to what living brains experience during sleep
20、, stability was recovered. “It was as though we were giving the neural networks a good nights rest,” said Watkins.The discovery came about as the research team worked to develop neural networks that are as close as how humans and other biological systems learn to see. The group initially struggled w
21、ith stabilizing simulated neural networks undergoing unattended dictionary training, which involves classifying objects without providing examples to compare them to. The researchers expose the networks to an artificial simulation of sleep as nearly a final effort to stabilize them. They experimente
22、d with various types of noise. The best results came when they used waves of so-called Gaussian noise. These waves can make sure that the neural networks keep stable.The groups next goal is to apply their algorithm (算法) to Intels Loihi, a product which uses spiking neural networks to work. They hope
23、 allowing Loihi to sleep from time to time will enable it to stably process information from a camera in real time. If it can confirm the need for sleep in artificial brains, we can probably expect the same to be true of human-like robots and other intelligent machines that may come about in the fut
24、ure.8. What did Watkins and her research team find?A. Neural networks are far from stable.B. Artificial brains may need break as well.C. Neural networks are very sensitive to noise.D. Human-like robots need equal rest to humans.9. What does the underlined word “analogous” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Cont
25、rary.B. Beneficial.C. Similar.D. Related.10. Why will the researchers apply the algorithm to Loihi?A. To better update Loihi.B. To enable Loihi to run faster.C. To further confirm their discovery.D. To make sure Loihi get enough sleep.11. In which section can we probably find this article?A. Mind &
26、Brain.B. Business & Industry.C. Medicine & Care.D. Computer & Science.DSeveral years ago, Jason Box, a scientist from Ohio, flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket would
27、 reflect back the rays of the sun, keeping the ice cool below. When he came back to check the results, he found it worked. Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice. He had not only saved two feet of glacier in a short time. No coal plants were shut down, no jobs were lost, and nobody was taxed
28、 or fired. Just the sort of fix were looking for.“Thank you, but no thank you.” says Ralph King, a climate scientist. He told Grey Childs. author and commentator, that people think technology can save the planet, “but there are other things we need to deal with, like consumption. They burned $50,000
29、 just for the helicopter” to bring the plastic to the glacier. This experiment, quote-unquote, gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior. It cant. Technology wont give us a free ride.Individuals respond to climate change differently. Climatologist Kelly
30、 Smith is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we wont be climate victims, we will be climate Choosers. More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives. The engineers will get smarter, the tools will get better, and one day we will control the climate. but that then? “Just
31、 the mention of us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back, Grey writes.” “Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will,” he says.Me? I like it better when the earth takes care of itself, I guess one day we will have to run the place, but for the moment, sitting at my
32、desk, looking out at the trees bending wildly and the wind howling, Im happy not to be in charge.12. Why does the author mention Jason Boxs experiment in the first paragraph?A. To introduce a possible solution to climate change.B. To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.C. To report on a
33、 successful experiment on saving the glacier.D. To arouse peoples attention to the problem of global warming.13 Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?A. The fight against climate change will not succeed.B. Technology is not the final solution, let alone its high cost.C. Its best
34、to deal with climate change without changing our behavior.D. Jasons experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.14. What is Grey Childss attitude to humans controlling the climate?A. FavorableB. TolerantC. Doubtful.D. Unclear.15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the te
35、xt?A. But should we fix the climate?B. Is climate change a real problem?C. How can we take care of the earth?D. What if all the glaciers disappeared?第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Culture shock refers to the anxiety and feelings (of surprise, uncertainty, confusi
36、on, etc.) felt when people have to operate within a different and unknown cultural or social environment, such as a foreign country. Generally speaking, we could say that there are four stages of culture shock. The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in
37、 a different place. _16_ The next stage is “the hostility stage”. In this stage, you begin to notice not everything is as good as you originally thought it was. _17_ Moreover, people dont treat you like a guest anymore. Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. _18_ You have learned enough
38、 to understand the new culture. The whole situation starts to become more favorable and you begin to learn to adapt yourself to it. The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”. In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good. _19_ The things that originally made you f
39、eel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you finally understand. Now you have adjusted to the new culture and you feel comfortable. Not all individuals visiting another country will experience all these four stages. _20_ It also occurs within cultures as individuals move from place to place
40、or from one setting to another (e. g., from high school to college).A. In this stage, you start to feel more depressed.B. And you try to develop comprehension of everything you dont understand.C. In addition, culture shock is not limited to the overseas visitor.D. You become tired of many things abo
41、ut the new culture.E. In this stage, you start to feel more positive.F. You begin to understand you need to travel a lot.G. And everything seems to be marvelous and everybody seems to be so nice to you.第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分45分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Raynor Winn and
42、 her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been _21_ to pay lawyers fees. To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed (诊断) with a serious disease. There was no _22_, only pain relief.Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a _23_ journey, as they
43、 caught sight of an old hikers (徒步旅行者) guide.This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and _24_ recovery. When leaving home Raynor and Moth had just 320 in the bank. They planned to keep the _25_ low by living on boiled noodles, with the occasional hamburger shop treat.Wild camping is _26_ in
44、 England. The Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning to avoid being caught. They soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot _27_ than they remember it was in their 20s. Raynor _28_ all over and desired a bath. Moth, meanwhile, after an initial strugg
45、le, found his symptoms were strangely _29_ by their daily tiring journey._30_, the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had _31_ forever. “Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, clothes _32_ to a thread, but we were alive.”Du
46、ring the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer. She writes, “_33_ had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n) _34_ written book. It had also given me a choice, either to leave that page _35_ or to keep writing the story with hope. I chos
47、e hope.”21. A. torn apartB. used upC. given awayD. set aside22. A. cureB. fortuneC. demandD. promise23. A. busB. trainC. walkingD. cycling24. A. predictedB. upsettingC. frighteningD. unexpected25. A. scheduleB. budgetC. routineD. income26. A. illegalB. practicalC. attractiveD. unpopular27. A. funnie
48、rB. easierC. cheaperD. tougher28. A. rolledB. bledC. achedD. trembled29. A. developedB. relievedC. controlledD. recognized30. A. FinallyB. HopefullyC. CasuallyD. Slowly31. A. gainedB. keptC. recoveredD. lost32. A. sewnB. washedC. ironedD. worn33. A. DoctorsB. WildernessC. HomelessnessD. Lawyers34. A. wellB. neatlyC. partlyD. initially35. A. loseB. blankC. fullD. available第二节(共10小题；每小题1